{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225448574","doi":"https://doi.org/10.31235/osf.io/ur5y3_v1","title":"Restraint and Silence: Customary Conflict Resolution and the Erosion of Public Voice in Somali Federalism","display_name":"Restraint and Silence: Customary Conflict Resolution and the Erosion of Public Voice in Somali Federalism","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225448574","doi":"https://doi.org/10.31235/osf.io/ur5y3_v1"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.31235/osf.io/ur5y3_v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.31235/osf.io/ur5y3_v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.31235/osf.io/ur5y3_v1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401238","display_name":"SocArXiv (OSF Preprints)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2799848540","host_organization_name":"Center for Open Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799848540"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.31235/osf.io/ur5y3_v1","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5160353319","display_name":"Ismail H. Warsame","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-6984-7115","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0009-6984-7115"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ismail H Warsame","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-6984-7115","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5160353319"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13504","display_name":"African history and culture analysis","score":0.6553000211715698,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13504","display_name":"African history and culture analysis","score":0.6553000211715698,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10070","display_name":"Political Conflict and Governance","score":0.11990000307559967,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12263","display_name":"Peacebuilding and International Security","score":0.08259999752044678,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-silence","display_name":"political silence","score":0.9089999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/customary-conflict-resolution","display_name":"customary conflict resolution","score":0.8949999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/strategic-silence","display_name":"strategic silence","score":0.6510000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exit-voice-and-loyalty","display_name":"exit, voice and loyalty","score":0.9200000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clan-politics","display_name":"clan politics","score":0.5080000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/state-collapse","display_name":"state collapse","score":0.671999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/puntland","display_name":"Puntland","score":0.7179999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/somaliland","display_name":"Somaliland","score":0.8450000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-voice","display_name":"public voice","score":0.4519999921321869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/somali-politics","display_name":"Somali politics","score":0.37400001287460327}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776831955","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13275","display_name":"Somali","level":2,"score":0.8205999732017517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781115785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q502261","display_name":"Silence","level":2,"score":0.7578999996185303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.7196000218391418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52826635","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q211503","display_name":"Clan","level":2,"score":0.6348999738693237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138921699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47555","display_name":"Political economy","level":1,"score":0.5817000269889832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60961049","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q379693","display_name":"Deportation","level":3,"score":0.5185999870300293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.4952999949455261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.4819999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.43389999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.4318000078201294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C533735693","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204886","display_name":"Federalism","level":3,"score":0.43130001425743103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778137410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2732820","display_name":"Government (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.3598000109195709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777063073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1553237","display_name":"Settlement (finance)","level":3,"score":0.3522000014781952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C521449643","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6235","display_name":"Nationalism","level":3,"score":0.33869999647140503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50335755","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483247","display_name":"Phenomenon","level":2,"score":0.30630001425743103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190253527","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q295354","display_name":"Law and economics","level":1,"score":0.2840999960899353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137403100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41710","display_name":"Ethnic group","level":2,"score":0.27250000834465027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780773165","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106947316","display_name":"Immigration detention","level":3,"score":0.271699994802475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C531593650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7167","display_name":"Colonialism","level":2,"score":0.26570001244544983}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.31235/osf.io/ur5y3_v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.31235/osf.io/ur5y3_v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.31235/osf.io/ur5y3_v1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401238","display_name":"SocArXiv (OSF Preprints)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2799848540","host_organization_name":"Center for Open Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799848540"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.31235/osf.io/ur5y3_v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.31235/osf.io/ur5y3_v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.31235/osf.io/ur5y3_v1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401238","display_name":"SocArXiv (OSF Preprints)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2799848540","host_organization_name":"Center for Open Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799848540"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":1.0}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2263349723","https://openalex.org/W2890092793","https://openalex.org/W2146697853","https://openalex.org/W2275211667","https://openalex.org/W7056864222","https://openalex.org/W2471588750","https://openalex.org/W3163275656","https://openalex.org/W3215392247","https://openalex.org/W3028155879","https://openalex.org/W3153786254"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"AbstractSomalia\u2019s":[0],"political":[1,35,135,241],"crisis":[2],"is":[3,147],"usually":[4],"explained":[5],"through":[6,56,265],"clan":[7,266],"competition,":[8],"external":[9],"intervention,":[10],"and":[11,39,69,84,93,95,114,130,173,200,210,229,250,255,267,279,309,348],"the":[12,48,57,60,64,70,74,91,96,121,127,152,161,179,184,195,226,236,282,293,300,306,310,324,328,351],"weakness":[13],"of":[14,34,67,73,98,111,123,151,197,225,331],"its":[15,335],"institutions.":[16],"This":[17,189],"paper":[18,52,118,190,325],"points":[19],"to":[20,101,194,214,222,258,317],"a":[21,32,43,134,140,143,148,168,208,219,232,259,277,280,344,357],"factor":[22],"that":[23,103,120,163,182,284],"gets":[24],"less":[25],"attention":[26],"but":[27],"helps":[28],"sustain":[29],"these":[30,124],"failures:":[31],"pattern":[33],"silence":[36,55,164,177,181,242],"among":[37],"elites":[38],"officials,":[40],"paired":[41],"with":[42,247],"growing":[44],"public":[45,227],"disregard":[46],"for":[47,171,186,234,338],"country\u2019s":[49],"future.":[50],"The":[51,117],"traces":[53],"this":[54],"colonial":[58],"period,":[59],"Siad":[61],"Barre":[62],"era,":[63],"state":[65],"collapse":[66],"1991,":[68],"federal":[71,153,313,346],"settlement":[72],"past":[75],"two":[76],"decades.":[77],"It":[78,158,320],"draws":[79],"on":[80,296],"Somali":[81,104,198,332],"customary":[82,273,341],"values":[83],"conflict-resolution":[85],"practice,":[86],"including":[87],"xeer,":[88,305],"diya-paying":[89,307],"groups,":[90],"guurti":[92,311],"shir,":[94],"tradition":[97],"oblique":[99],"speech,":[100],"show":[102],"society":[105],"has":[106,165],"long":[107],"possessed":[108],"effective":[109],"means":[110],"naming":[112,139],"wrongs":[113],"restraining":[115],"violence.":[116],"argues":[119],"decline":[122],"mechanisms":[125],"at":[126],"national":[128],"level,":[129],"their":[131],"replacement":[132],"by":[133],"culture":[136],"in":[137,261,354],"which":[138,262,323],"violation":[141],"carries":[142],"high":[144],"personal":[145],"price,":[146],"central":[149,336],"cause":[150],"breakdown":[154],"now":[155],"under":[156],"way.":[157],"also":[159],"addresses":[160],"counterargument":[162],"often":[166],"been":[167],"rational":[169],"strategy":[170],"survival,":[172],"it":[174,204,230,239,271,303,349],"distinguishes":[175],"strategic":[176,206],"from":[178,216,299],"civic":[180,217],"erodes":[183],"conditions":[185],"agreement.Scholarly":[187],"contributions.":[188],"makes":[191],"four":[192],"contributions":[193],"study":[196],"politics":[199],"African":[201],"federalism.":[202],"First,":[203],"separates":[205],"silence,":[207,218],"temporary":[209],"purposive":[211],"restraint":[212,274],"tied":[213],"negotiation,":[215],"durable":[220,345],"failure":[221],"name":[223],"violations":[224,291],"good,":[228],"offers":[231],"test":[233],"distinguishing":[235],"two.":[237],"Second,":[238],"defines":[240],"as":[243,275,315,327,334,356],"an":[244],"observable":[245],"phenomenon":[246],"three":[248],"dimensions":[249],"extends":[251],"Hirschman\u2019s":[252],"exit,":[253],"voice,":[254],"loyalty":[256],"framework":[257],"setting":[260],"exit":[263],"runs":[264],"diaspora":[268],"channels.":[269],"Third,":[270],"treats":[272,326],"both":[276],"resource":[278],"liability:":[281],"discretion":[283],"settles":[285],"disputes":[286],"between":[287],"kin":[288],"can":[289],"conceal":[290],"when":[292,340],"cost":[294],"falls":[295],"those":[297],"excluded":[298],"negotiation.":[301],"Fourth,":[302],"brings":[304],"group,":[308],"into":[312],"analysis":[314],"inputs":[316],"institutional":[318],"design.":[319],"takes":[321],"Puntland,":[322],"first":[329],"pillar":[330],"federalism,":[333],"case":[337],"testing":[339],"legitimacy":[342],"supports":[343],"settlement,":[347],"uses":[350],"Borama":[352],"process":[353],"Somaliland":[355],"comparison.":[358]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-09T13:22:03.289127","created_date":"2026-11-08T00:00:00"}
