{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225433842","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2026gl125862","title":"Plasma and Electric Environment Within Lunar Pits and Caves Exposed to the Solar Wind","display_name":"Plasma and Electric Environment Within Lunar Pits and Caves Exposed to the Solar Wind","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225433842","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2026gl125862"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1029/2026gl125862","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2026gl125862","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2026gl125862","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1029/2026GL125862","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S36624081","display_name":"Geophysical Research Letters","issn_l":"0094-8276","issn":["0094-8276","1944-8007"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-a","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","norway-2","oarl","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315809","host_organization_name":"American Geophysical Union","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315809"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Geophysical Union"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Geophysical Research Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1029/2026GL125862","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001536990","display_name":"Yohei Miyake","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6491-1012","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6491-1012"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I65837984","display_name":"Kobe University","ror":"https://ror.org/03tgsfw79","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I65837984"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Y. Miyake","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School of System Informatics Kobe University  Kobe Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6491-1012","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of System Informatics Kobe University  Kobe Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I65837984"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161130830","display_name":"J. Nakazono","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I65837984","display_name":"Kobe University","ror":"https://ror.org/03tgsfw79","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I65837984"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. Nakazono","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School of Law Kobe University  Kobe Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Law Kobe University  Kobe Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I65837984"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5001536990"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I65837984"],"apc_list":{"value":3190,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3190},"apc_paid":{"value":3190,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3190},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"53","issue":"21","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10406","display_name":"Planetary Science and Exploration","score":0.5737000107765198,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1912","display_name":"Space and Planetary Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10406","display_name":"Planetary Science and Exploration","score":0.5737000107765198,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1912","display_name":"Space and Planetary Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10159","display_name":"Ionosphere and magnetosphere dynamics","score":0.1826000064611435,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1912","display_name":"Space and Planetary Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11603","display_name":"Dust and Plasma Wave Phenomena","score":0.07090000063180923,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lunar-pits","display_name":"lunar pits","score":0.7990000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lunar-caves","display_name":"lunar caves","score":0.925000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/solar-wind","display_name":"solar wind","score":0.8379999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/differential-charging","display_name":"differential charging","score":0.6290000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lunar-surface-charging","display_name":"lunar surface charging","score":0.4729999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photoemission","display_name":"photoemission","score":0.6010000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/secondary-electrons","display_name":"secondary electrons","score":0.9459999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/solar-wind-protons","display_name":"solar wind protons","score":0.6349999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/solar-wind-electrons","display_name":"solar wind electrons","score":0.9139999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/equilibrium-potential","display_name":"equilibrium potential","score":0.5519999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/plasma-simulation","display_name":"plasma simulation","score":0.5289999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lunar-regolith","display_name":"lunar regolith","score":0.7400000095367432}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108411613","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79833","display_name":"Solar wind","level":3,"score":0.7024999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147120987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2225","display_name":"Electron","level":2,"score":0.6328999996185303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82706917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10251","display_name":"Plasma","level":2,"score":0.59579998254776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171878925","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35509","display_name":"Cave","level":2,"score":0.5773000121116638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.5248000025749207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54516573","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2294","display_name":"Proton","level":2,"score":0.44119998812675476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68709404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1134475","display_name":"Flux (metallurgy)","level":2,"score":0.41119998693466187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60799052","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46221","display_name":"Electric field","level":2,"score":0.4025999903678894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649504","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124403","display_name":"Ion wind","level":3,"score":0.3781000077724457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116468062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11651","display_name":"Electric current","level":2,"score":0.3693999946117401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778517922","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7140482","display_name":"Particle (ecology)","level":2,"score":0.3587999939918518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.357699990272522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.35420000553131104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148043351","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4456944","display_name":"Current (fluid)","level":2,"score":0.34439998865127563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.3368000090122223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204323151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.32760000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13892213","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905140","display_name":"Secondary emission","level":3,"score":0.32280001044273376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87355193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q411","display_name":"Astrobiology","level":1,"score":0.314300000667572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91586092","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q757520","display_name":"Atmospheric sciences","level":1,"score":0.3142000138759613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58570533","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55451","display_name":"Electric potential","level":3,"score":0.31200000643730164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13019657","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6144418","display_name":"Solar energetic particles","level":5,"score":0.30329999327659607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180205008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159190","display_name":"Amplitude","level":2,"score":0.30300000309944153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8058405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46255","display_name":"Geophysics","level":1,"score":0.3000999987125397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184779094","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26383","display_name":"Atomic physics","level":1,"score":0.29490000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34667332","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2582911","display_name":"Secondary electrons","level":3,"score":0.2896000146865845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116403925","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162219","display_name":"Ionosphere","level":2,"score":0.2856000065803528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22175881","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7201785","display_name":"Electron temperature","level":3,"score":0.27379998564720154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134786449","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3391255","display_name":"Planar","level":2,"score":0.26269999146461487}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1029/2026gl125862","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2026gl125862","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2026gl125862","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1029/2026GL125862","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S36624081","display_name":"Geophysical Research Letters","issn_l":"0094-8276","issn":["0094-8276","1944-8007"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-a","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","norway-2","oarl","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315809","host_organization_name":"American Geophysical Union","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315809"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Geophysical Union"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Geophysical Research Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1029/2026gl125862","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2026gl125862","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2026gl125862","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1029/2026GL125862","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S36624081","display_name":"Geophysical Research Letters","issn_l":"0094-8276","issn":["0094-8276","1944-8007"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-a","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","norway-2","oarl","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315809","host_organization_name":"American Geophysical Union","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315809"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Geophysical Union"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Geophysical Research Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","ror":"https://ror.org/00hhkn466"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335390","display_name":"Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University","ror":"https://ror.org/05dfqh778"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7225433842.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7225433842.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1205970359","https://openalex.org/W1880826321","https://openalex.org/W1967208114","https://openalex.org/W1994847293","https://openalex.org/W1996300129","https://openalex.org/W2005131721","https://openalex.org/W2007671077","https://openalex.org/W2016157593","https://openalex.org/W2020378063","https://openalex.org/W2028869067","https://openalex.org/W2046020177","https://openalex.org/W2050522486","https://openalex.org/W2054913948","https://openalex.org/W2072086260","https://openalex.org/W2072869451","https://openalex.org/W2409733141","https://openalex.org/W2512863358","https://openalex.org/W2781846359","https://openalex.org/W2810776772","https://openalex.org/W4290756147","https://openalex.org/W4318339174","https://openalex.org/W4400650386","https://openalex.org/W4402438318","https://openalex.org/W4407099554","https://openalex.org/W4414439869","https://openalex.org/W4414760880","https://openalex.org/W7171155327"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1828913317","https://openalex.org/W2074548922","https://openalex.org/W4414760880","https://openalex.org/W1602992778","https://openalex.org/W4318339174","https://openalex.org/W1205970359","https://openalex.org/W4360995251","https://openalex.org/W1967208114","https://openalex.org/W3005237787","https://openalex.org/W2623868376"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"We":[1],"have":[2],"assessed":[3],"the":[4,31,35,41,50,53,62,90,96,128,143],"plasma":[5,19],"and":[6,13,27,69,124],"electric":[7],"environment":[8],"within":[9],"a":[10,98],"lunar":[11,129],"pit":[12,36],"its":[14],"connected":[15],"subsurface":[16],"cave":[17],"utilizing":[18],"simulations.":[20],"It":[21],"is":[22,131,139],"shown":[23],"that":[24],"adjacent":[25,74],"illuminated":[26,51,75],"shadowed":[28],"regions":[29],"along":[30],"interior":[32],"walls":[33],"of":[34,101,115,146],"induce":[37],"differential":[38],"charging,":[39],"exceeding":[40],"levels":[42],"typically":[43],"observed":[44],"on":[45],"open":[46],"planar":[47],"surfaces.":[48],"Within":[49],"sectors,":[52],"incident":[54],"solar":[55],"wind":[56],"(SW)":[57],"proton":[58],"flux":[59],"dominates":[60],"over":[61],"electron":[63],"counterpart.":[64],"In":[65],"this":[66],"regime,":[67],"photo\u2010emitted":[68],"secondary":[70,122],"electrons":[71,103,123],"imported":[72],"from":[73],"surfaces":[76],"suppress":[77],"excessive":[78],"positive":[79],"charging":[80,107],"by":[81,142],"acting":[82],"as":[83,120],"negative":[84,106],"charge":[85],"carriers":[86],"to":[87],"compensate":[88],"for":[89],"scarce":[91],"SW":[92,102],"electrons.":[93],"Deep":[94],"inside":[95],"cave,":[97],"residual":[99],"population":[100],"induces":[104],"significant":[105],"despite":[108],"their":[109],"small":[110],"flux.":[111],"The":[112,135],"relative":[113],"significance":[114],"minor":[116],"current":[117,144],"components,":[118],"such":[119],"ion\u2010induced":[121],"protons":[125],"scattered":[126],"off":[127],"regolith,":[130],"also":[132],"enhanced":[133],"therein.":[134],"local":[136],"equilibrium":[137],"potential":[138],"thus":[140],"governed":[141],"balance":[145],"these":[147],"multi\u2010species":[148],"particle":[149],"populations.":[150]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2026-11-07T00:00:00"}