{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225433816","doi":"https://doi.org/10.59075/jssd.v5i9.452","title":"TEACHERS\u2019 BELIEFS ABOUT BULLYING AND THEIR HANDLING STRATEGIES IN PUBLIC SECONDARY SCHOOLS","display_name":"TEACHERS\u2019 BELIEFS ABOUT BULLYING AND THEIR HANDLING STRATEGIES IN PUBLIC SECONDARY SCHOOLS","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225433816","doi":"https://doi.org/10.59075/jssd.v5i9.452"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.59075/jssd.v5i9.452","doi":"https://doi.org/10.59075/jssd.v5i9.452","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.59075/jssd.v5i9.452","pdf_url":"https://jssd.org.pk/index.php/jssd/article/download/452/381","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4387288537","display_name":"Journal of Social Sciences Development","issn_l":"2959-4391","issn":["2959-4391","2959-4405"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES DEVELOPMENT","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://jssd.org.pk/index.php/jssd/article/download/452/381","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021494122","display_name":"Asia Zulfqar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9435-128X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9435-128X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I127670440","display_name":"Bahauddin Zakariya University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x817c41","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I127670440"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Asia Zulfqar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Associate Professor, Department of Education, Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Associate Professor, Department of Education, Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I127670440"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004872856","display_name":"Ruqia Safdar Bajwa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4460-2025","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4460-2025","https://orcid.org/0009-0004-8745-6955"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I127670440","display_name":"Bahauddin Zakariya University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x817c41","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I127670440"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ruqia Safad Bajwa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Applied Psychology, Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Applied Psychology, Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I127670440"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5155962814","display_name":"Benish Ameen","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I127670440","display_name":"Bahauddin Zakariya University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x817c41","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I127670440"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Benish Ameen","raw_affiliation_strings":["M. Phil Scholar, Department of Education, Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"M. Phil Scholar, Department of Education, Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I127670440"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I127670440"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":"9","first_page":"506","last_page":"518"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10485","display_name":"Bullying, Victimization, and Aggression","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10485","display_name":"Bullying, Victimization, and Aggression","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11647","display_name":"Workplace Violence and Bullying","score":0.0010000000474974513,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1407","display_name":"Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12474","display_name":"Education Discipline and Inequality","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bullying","display_name":"bullying","score":0.8330000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/teacher-beliefs","display_name":"teacher beliefs","score":0.8429999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/secondary-schools","display_name":"secondary schools","score":0.8169999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-schools","display_name":"public schools","score":0.8209999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gender-differences","display_name":"gender differences","score":0.640999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/punitive-measures","display_name":"punitive measures","score":0.6930000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/empathetic-responses","display_name":"empathetic responses","score":0.4580000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/punjab","display_name":"Punjab","score":0.6010000109672546}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.6661999821662903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198531522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485146","display_name":"Sample (material)","level":2,"score":0.6157000064849854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83645499","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q285466","display_name":"Punitive damages","level":2,"score":0.5031999945640564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75630572","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q538904","display_name":"Applied psychology","level":1,"score":0.45080000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.4311999976634979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152877465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208042","display_name":"Regression analysis","level":2,"score":0.4172999858856201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133462117","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4929239","display_name":"Data collection","level":2,"score":0.4147999882698059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149769383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7520804","display_name":"Simple linear regression","level":3,"score":0.4117000102996826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39896193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380344","display_name":"Descriptive statistics","level":2,"score":0.3781999945640564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166735990","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1750812","display_name":"Human factors and ergonomics","level":3,"score":0.33719998598098755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020423824","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37226","display_name":"School teachers","level":2,"score":0.31940001249313354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C509550671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126945","display_name":"Medical education","level":1,"score":0.3154999911785126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129848803","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2564360","display_name":"Sample size determination","level":2,"score":0.30550000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48921125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10861030","display_name":"Linear regression","level":2,"score":0.30140000581741333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20353970","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1056998","display_name":"Simple random sample","level":3,"score":0.29260000586509705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017944768","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1450463","display_name":"Poison control","level":2,"score":0.28369998931884766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73945780","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q814232","display_name":"Survey methodology","level":2,"score":0.27720001339912415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779318504","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1438035","display_name":"Research design","level":2,"score":0.2694999873638153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C526869908","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3298118","display_name":"Suicide prevention","level":3,"score":0.26809999346733093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776502983","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q690182","display_name":"Contrast (vision)","level":2,"score":0.2669999897480011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190385971","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q373494","display_name":"Injury prevention","level":3,"score":0.25119999051094055}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.59075/jssd.v5i9.452","doi":"https://doi.org/10.59075/jssd.v5i9.452","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.59075/jssd.v5i9.452","pdf_url":"https://jssd.org.pk/index.php/jssd/article/download/452/381","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4387288537","display_name":"Journal of Social Sciences Development","issn_l":"2959-4391","issn":["2959-4391","2959-4405"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES DEVELOPMENT","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.59075/jssd.v5i9.452","doi":"https://doi.org/10.59075/jssd.v5i9.452","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.59075/jssd.v5i9.452","pdf_url":"https://jssd.org.pk/index.php/jssd/article/download/452/381","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4387288537","display_name":"Journal of Social Sciences Development","issn_l":"2959-4391","issn":["2959-4391","2959-4405"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES DEVELOPMENT","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9235000014305115,"display_name":"Quality education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"},{"score":0.47620001435279846,"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7225433816.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7225433816.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2049496461","https://openalex.org/W2060122626","https://openalex.org/W2063245009","https://openalex.org/W2922004145","https://openalex.org/W2999019677","https://openalex.org/W4224264389","https://openalex.org/W4290024917","https://openalex.org/W4307278351","https://openalex.org/W4384823810","https://openalex.org/W4400720857","https://openalex.org/W4403648523","https://openalex.org/W4410969598","https://openalex.org/W4412160894","https://openalex.org/W7216275623"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4400966414","https://openalex.org/W4390227417","https://openalex.org/W4229750447","https://openalex.org/W2901305838","https://openalex.org/W3091927843","https://openalex.org/W149656231","https://openalex.org/W1969476779","https://openalex.org/W2220143625","https://openalex.org/W7216783201","https://openalex.org/W2253878103"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,45,120,155],"study":[1],"aimed":[2],"to":[3,26,35,71,84,93,96,116,140,149,168,180,194,230],"analyze":[4,117],"the":[5,118,163,195,197,207,210],"relationship":[6,131],"between":[7,132],"teachers'":[8],"beliefs":[9,99,134,198],"about":[10,100],"bullying":[11,101,136,141,151,170],"and":[12,66,78,102,112,135,202,216],"their":[13,189,221,231],"handling":[14,105,137,142,211],"strategies":[15,147,212],"in":[16,73,153,174,220,228],"public":[17,38],"secondary":[18,39],"schools.":[19,154,222],"Three":[20],"research":[21,80],"objectives":[22],"were":[23,82,91,114,205],"put":[24],"forward":[25],"conduct":[27],"this":[28,74],"research.":[29,75],"Convenient":[30],"sampling":[31,56],"technique":[32],"was":[33,50,69],"applied":[34,115],"select":[36],"60":[37],"schools":[40],"from":[41,87],"south":[42],"of":[43,47,60,122,158,165,199,213],"Punjab.":[44],"sample":[46,59],"available":[48],"teachers":[49,144,166,178,204,224],"also":[51],"selected":[52],"through":[53],"a":[54,127],"convenient":[55],"technique.":[57],"A":[58],"(300)":[61],"teachers,":[62],"including":[63],"(150)":[64,67],"males":[65],"females":[68],"invited":[70],"participate":[72],"Existing":[76],"reliable":[77],"valid":[79],"instruments":[81],"utilized":[83],"collect":[85,94],"data":[86,95],"teachers.":[88],"Two":[89],"questionnaires":[90],"adopted":[92],"measure":[97],"teachers\u2019":[98,133],"for":[103],"identifying":[104],"strategies.":[106,138],"Descriptive":[107],"statistics,":[108],"simple":[109,123],"linear":[110,124],"regression":[111,125],"t-test":[113],"data.":[119],"result":[121],"shows":[126],"moderate":[128],"but":[129],"significant":[130],"As":[139,193],"strategies,":[143],"reported":[145],"multiple":[146],"used":[148],"handle":[150],"situations":[152],"means":[156],"scores":[157],"item":[159],"analysis":[160],"showed":[161],"that,":[162],"majority":[164],"preferred":[167,179],"tolerate":[169],"behaviors,":[171],"others":[172],"believe":[173],"punitive":[175],"actions,":[176],"many":[177],"ignore":[181],"such":[182],"issues":[183],"think":[184],"that":[185],"students":[186],"can":[187],"solve":[188],"matters":[190],"by":[191],"themselves.":[192],"t-test,":[196],"both":[200,214],"male":[201,215,232],"female":[203,217],"found":[206,225],"same":[208],"however":[209],"are":[218],"different":[219],"Female":[223],"more":[226],"empathetic":[227],"contrast":[229],"colleagues.":[233]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-08T12:12:28.789561","created_date":"2026-11-07T00:00:00"}