{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225433696","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-10613163/v1","title":"A GIS\u2013Analytic Network Process Framework for Fire Station Site Selection in Cities Experiencing Urban Sprawl","display_name":"A GIS\u2013Analytic Network Process Framework for Fire Station Site Selection in Cities Experiencing Urban Sprawl","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225433696","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-10613163/v1"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-10613163/v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-10613163/v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-10613163/v1","pdf_url":"https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-10613163/latest.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525896","display_name":"Research Square","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Research Square","raw_type":"posted-content"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-10613163/latest.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001824189","display_name":"Elham Lashkari","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3132928613","display_name":"Sadjad University","ror":"https://ror.org/04b9hej41","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3132928613"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Elham Lashkari","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sadjad University of Technology"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sadjad University of Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3132928613"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5122155681","display_name":"Marjan Jahanbani","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168635309","display_name":"University of Calgary","ror":"https://ror.org/03yjb2x39","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168635309"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marjan Jahanbani","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Calgary"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Calgary","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168635309"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11502","display_name":"Facility Location and Emergency Management","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11502","display_name":"Facility Location and Emergency Management","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14410","display_name":"Safety and Risk Management","score":0.0012000000569969416,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10050","display_name":"Multi-Criteria Decision Making","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urban-sprawl","display_name":"urban sprawl","score":0.9390000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/emergency-response-time","display_name":"emergency response time","score":0.7509999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/analytic-network-process","display_name":"analytic network process","score":0.6129999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multi-criteria-decision-making","display_name":"multi-criteria decision making","score":0.7979999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gis-based-suitability-analysis","display_name":"GIS-based site suitability","score":0.6349999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mashhad","display_name":"Mashhad","score":0.8040000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/calgary","display_name":"Calgary","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/disaster-risk-reduction","display_name":"disaster risk reduction","score":0.8460000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urban-planning","display_name":"urban planning","score":0.460999995470047}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C487182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192042","display_name":"Urban sprawl","level":3,"score":0.685699999332428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780561860","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7531796","display_name":"Site selection","level":2,"score":0.5343999862670898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.506600022315979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.5065000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017997152","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q814610","display_name":"Emergency response","level":2,"score":0.4345000088214874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778368647","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q702492","display_name":"Urban area","level":2,"score":0.4327000081539154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.3833000063896179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41856607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483130","display_name":"Geographic information system","level":2,"score":0.3797999918460846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107826830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q929380","display_name":"Environmental resource management","level":1,"score":0.373199999332428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22212356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q775325","display_name":"Transport engineering","level":1,"score":0.3456999957561493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91375879","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15473274","display_name":"Environmental planning","level":1,"score":0.3418000042438507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2994559806","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q928830","display_name":"Metro station","level":2,"score":0.33180001378059387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780378061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25351891","display_name":"Service (business)","level":2,"score":0.2937000095844269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77352025","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q386191","display_name":"Population growth","level":3,"score":0.29260000586509705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81917197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628760","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","level":2,"score":0.28600001335144043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4792198","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1165944","display_name":"Land use","level":2,"score":0.27469998598098755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49545453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q69883","display_name":"Urban planning","level":2,"score":0.2574999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776825979","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q674950","display_name":"Residential area","level":2,"score":0.2572999894618988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.2547999918460846}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-10613163/v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-10613163/v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-10613163/v1","pdf_url":"https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-10613163/latest.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525896","display_name":"Research Square","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Research Square","raw_type":"posted-content"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-10613163/v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-10613163/v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-10613163/v1","pdf_url":"https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-10613163/latest.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525896","display_name":"Research Square","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Research Square","raw_type":"posted-content"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7225433696.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7225433696.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1985336741","https://openalex.org/W2018853720","https://openalex.org/W2026871378","https://openalex.org/W2052788151","https://openalex.org/W2055845715","https://openalex.org/W2055847938","https://openalex.org/W2086691526","https://openalex.org/W2344966690","https://openalex.org/W2748056107","https://openalex.org/W2789833020","https://openalex.org/W2791006548","https://openalex.org/W2800024228","https://openalex.org/W2898630711","https://openalex.org/W2997204812","https://openalex.org/W2997788594","https://openalex.org/W3023769922","https://openalex.org/W3024839783","https://openalex.org/W3036372027","https://openalex.org/W3041510501","https://openalex.org/W3093626868","https://openalex.org/W3107832140","https://openalex.org/W3176272885","https://openalex.org/W3191905869","https://openalex.org/W3205512868","https://openalex.org/W4256219921"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2997204812","https://openalex.org/W6958131645","https://openalex.org/W2142722020","https://openalex.org/W7089313364","https://openalex.org/W2979776457","https://openalex.org/W3027668899","https://openalex.org/W6903673174","https://openalex.org/W3191905869","https://openalex.org/W4403227029","https://openalex.org/W7218154648"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"There":[1],"is":[2,84,95],"an":[3],"interrelationship":[4],"between":[5],"community":[6],"growth":[7],"and":[8,30,41,47,109,120,126,135,149,167,171,176,182,196,222,225,229,237,249,262,270],"the":[9,15,18,37,60,69,72,78,92,98,116,144,152,174,177,202,215,272],"volume":[10],"of":[11,20,71,81,118,184,201,220,231,247,274],"emergency":[12,28,64],"incidents.":[13],"As":[14],"population":[16],"increases,":[17],"chance":[19],"incidents":[21],"rises":[22],"as":[23],"well.":[24],"Urban":[25],"sprawl":[26],"reduces":[27,271],"accessibility":[29],"challenges":[31],"equitable":[32],"fire":[33,82,104,156,192,233,254],"service":[34],"coverage.":[35],"Considering":[36],"fact":[38],"that":[39,164],"Mashhad":[40,107,195,236],"Calgary":[42,110,197,238],"both":[43],"are":[44,48,187,239],"populated":[45],"cities":[46],"expanding":[49],"in":[50,106,194,208,218,235,241,292],"a":[51,278,284],"fast-paced":[52],"way,":[53],"this":[54,90],"expansion":[55],"not":[56],"only":[57],"can":[58],"heighten":[59],"response":[61,165,212],"time":[62,166],"for":[63,101,146,155,190,288],"services":[65],"but":[66],"also":[67,138],"jeopardize":[68],"safety":[70],"growing":[73,294],"population.":[74],"To":[75],"prevent":[76],"that,":[77],"proper":[79],"placement":[80],"station":[83,255],"significant":[85],"within":[86],"these":[87],"cities.":[88,295],"In":[89],"study,":[91],"primary":[93],"objective":[94],"to":[96,264],"find":[97],"suitable":[99,189],"sites":[100,154],"locating":[102,191],"urban":[103,260],"stations":[105,157,193,234],"(Iran)":[108],"(Canada)":[111],"which":[112],"was":[113],"achieved":[114],"through":[115],"adaptation":[117],"GIS":[119],"ANP.":[121],"Twelve":[122],"sub-criteria":[123],"were":[124,141,158,206],"considered":[125],"categorized":[127],"into":[128],"four":[129],"classes:":[130],"\"Service":[131],"Area\",":[132],"\"Accessibility\",":[133],"\"Environment\"":[134],"\"Spatial":[136],"Characteristics\",":[137],"their":[139],"weights":[140],"determined.":[142],"Using":[143],"weight":[145,179],"each":[147],"sub-criterion":[148],"ArcGIS":[150],"PRO":[151],"optimal":[153,253],"recognized.":[159],"The":[160,199,280],"final":[161],"outcomes":[162],"reveal":[163],"distance":[168],"from":[169],"faults":[170],"rivers":[172],"have":[173],"highest":[175,216],"lowest":[178],"respectively.":[180,198],"33%":[181],"8%":[183],"city":[185],"blocks":[186,244],"highly":[188,203,242],"majority":[200],"prioritized":[204,243],"areas":[205,267],"centered":[207],"zones":[209],"with":[210,245],"higher":[211],"times":[213],"obtaining":[214],"values":[217,246],"categories":[219],"spatial":[221],"environmental":[223],"characteristics":[224],"accessibility.":[226],"Moreover,":[227],"34%":[228],"15%":[230],"existing":[232],"located":[240],"8":[248],"9.":[250],"Therefore,":[251],"generating":[252],"site":[256],"selection":[257],"maps":[258],"assists":[259],"planners":[261],"decision-makers":[263],"keep":[265],"more":[266],"under":[268],"cover":[269],"likelihood":[273],"dangers":[275],"caused":[276],"by":[277],"fire.":[279],"proposed":[281],"framework":[282],"provides":[283],"transferable":[285],"decision-support":[286],"tool":[287],"disaster":[289],"risk":[290],"reduction":[291],"rapidly":[293]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-09T13:22:03.289127","created_date":"2026-11-07T00:00:00"}
