{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225432109","doi":"https://doi.org/10.51317/4v9m3f41","title":"Effect of Financial Literacy of Owner-Managers on Financial Risk Management among Small and Medium Enterprises in Nakuru County, KenyaCounty, Kenya","display_name":"Effect of Financial Literacy of Owner-Managers on Financial Risk Management among Small and Medium Enterprises in Nakuru County, KenyaCounty, Kenya","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225432109","doi":"https://doi.org/10.51317/4v9m3f41"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.51317/4v9m3f41","doi":"https://doi.org/10.51317/4v9m3f41","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.51317/4v9m3f41","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4387284149","display_name":"Journal of Business and Entrepreneurship (JBE)","issn_l":"2958-1125","issn":["2958-1125"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Business and Entrepreneurship (JBE)","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.51317/4v9m3f41","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5159918407","display_name":"Lynn Jepkemei Yatich","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-3643-5144","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0007-3643-5144"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3131121749","display_name":"Kabarak University","ror":"https://ror.org/009b5t134","country_code":"KE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3131121749"]}],"countries":["KE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"LYNN JEPKEMEI YATICH","raw_affiliation_strings":["Author","Kabarak University"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-3643-5144","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Author","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kabarak University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3131121749"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011986202","display_name":"Stella Cheraisi Korir","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3131121749","display_name":"Kabarak University","ror":"https://ror.org/009b5t134","country_code":"KE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3131121749"]}],"countries":["KE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stella Korir","raw_affiliation_strings":["Kabarak University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kabarak University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3131121749"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068792389","display_name":"Symon Kiprop","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-9184-5140","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0009-9184-5140"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3131121749","display_name":"Kabarak University","ror":"https://ror.org/009b5t134","country_code":"KE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3131121749"]}],"countries":["KE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Symon Kiprop","raw_affiliation_strings":["Kabarak University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kabarak University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3131121749"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3131121749"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":"1","first_page":"175","last_page":"185"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13744","display_name":"Financial Literacy and Behavior","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1402","display_name":"Accounting"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13744","display_name":"Financial Literacy and Behavior","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1402","display_name":"Accounting"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10517","display_name":"Financial Literacy, Pension, Retirement Analysis","score":0.0012000000569969416,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2003","display_name":"Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14239","display_name":"Business, Education, Mathematics Research","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1402","display_name":"Accounting"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/financial-literacy","display_name":"financial literacy","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/financial-skills","display_name":"financial skills","score":0.8849999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/financial-risk-management","display_name":"financial risk management","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/small-and-medium-sized-enterprises","display_name":"small and medium-sized enterprises","score":0.9739999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/owner-managers","display_name":"owner-managers","score":0.9860000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/financial-statement-analysis","display_name":"financial statement analysis","score":0.8859999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cash-flow-analysis","display_name":"cash flow analysis","score":0.9210000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contingency-planning","display_name":"contingency planning","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/financial-education","display_name":"financial education","score":0.8289999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nakuru-county","display_name":"Nakuru County","score":0.9150000214576721}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777941463","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1416374","display_name":"Financial literacy","level":2,"score":0.6571000218391418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.6392999887466431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70179600","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1416547","display_name":"Financial plan","level":2,"score":0.6069999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.597100019454956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C506796395","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4738155","display_name":"Financial management","level":2,"score":0.5860999822616577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71199308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2990807","display_name":"Accounting management","level":3,"score":0.5827999711036682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76073288","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1337875","display_name":"Financial risk","level":2,"score":0.5817000269889832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130731218","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1363554","display_name":"Financial analysis","level":2,"score":0.5561000108718872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98014903","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q832161","display_name":"Financial ratio","level":2,"score":0.5468000173568726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108578832","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7621835","display_name":"Strategic financial management","level":3,"score":0.4032999873161316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163428354","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1047513","display_name":"Cash flow","level":2,"score":0.39100000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171820377","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7603965","display_name":"Statement of changes in financial position","level":4,"score":0.3847000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.38429999351501465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140060971","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5449753","display_name":"Financial statement analysis","level":3,"score":0.36390000581741333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781027943","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192907","display_name":"Financial statement","level":3,"score":0.3634999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32896092","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189447","display_name":"Risk management","level":2,"score":0.35760000348091125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43071985","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2906013","display_name":"Financial risk management","level":3,"score":0.3433000147342682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198531522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485146","display_name":"Sample (material)","level":2,"score":0.326200008392334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121955636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4116214","display_name":"Accounting","level":1,"score":0.3246000111103058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162118730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1128453","display_name":"Actuarial science","level":1,"score":0.29249998927116394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97366136","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q460184","display_name":"Cash flow statement","level":3,"score":0.2833999991416931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23925645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5449731","display_name":"Financial modeling","level":2,"score":0.2782999873161316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76087492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1047352","display_name":"Cash management","level":3,"score":0.27790001034736633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60297154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1434943","display_name":"Contingency theory","level":2,"score":0.2775999903678894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195487862","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q850210","display_name":"Revenue","level":2,"score":0.27399998903274536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44750222","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1897397","display_name":"Financial capital","level":3,"score":0.2732999920845032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189188589","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14864997","display_name":"Investment management","level":3,"score":0.26010000705718994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.2565999925136566}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.51317/4v9m3f41","doi":"https://doi.org/10.51317/4v9m3f41","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.51317/4v9m3f41","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4387284149","display_name":"Journal of Business and Entrepreneurship (JBE)","issn_l":"2958-1125","issn":["2958-1125"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Business and Entrepreneurship (JBE)","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.51317/4v9m3f41","doi":"https://doi.org/10.51317/4v9m3f41","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.51317/4v9m3f41","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4387284149","display_name":"Journal of Business and Entrepreneurship (JBE)","issn_l":"2958-1125","issn":["2958-1125"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Business and Entrepreneurship (JBE)","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.833299994468689,"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7223834593","https://openalex.org/W4415264861","https://openalex.org/W6893108537","https://openalex.org/W4410045231","https://openalex.org/W4412687976","https://openalex.org/W6920335814","https://openalex.org/W6912104463","https://openalex.org/W7219434530","https://openalex.org/W4391969805","https://openalex.org/W7154566826"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"study":[1,209],"examined":[2],"the":[3,26,36,70,76,185,197,202],"effect":[4,162],"of":[5,11,28,58,66,184,218],"financial":[6,12,15,111,128,148,174,177,188,204,213,219,231,239,256],"skills,":[7],"as":[8,74,80],"a":[9,39,44,56,63,114,140,158],"dimension":[10],"literacy,":[13],"on":[14,25,234],"risk":[16,149,189,220],"management":[17,150,190,221],"among":[18,201,222],"SMEs":[19,68,223],"in":[20,127,187,224],"Nakuru":[21,225],"County,":[22],"Kenya.":[23],"Drawing":[24],"principles":[27],"Human":[29],"Capital":[30],"Theory":[31],"and":[32,90,101,133,143,157,176,244,254],"Financial":[33,137,194],"Capability":[34],"Theory,":[35],"research":[37],"employed":[38],"survey-based":[40],"design":[41],"guided":[42],"by":[43],"predictive":[45,161],"correlational":[46],"approach.":[47],"The":[48,105,179,208],"Nassiuma":[49],"(2000)":[50],"formula":[51],"was":[52],"used":[53],"to":[54,113,116,247,251],"obtain":[55],"sample":[57],"100":[59],"SMEs,":[60],"selected":[61],"from":[62],"target":[64],"population":[65],"336,661":[67],"across":[69],"county\u2019s":[71,77],"eleven":[72],"sub-counties,":[73],"per":[75],"enterprise":[78],"register":[79],"at":[81],"December":[82],"2025.":[83],"Data":[84],"were":[85,94],"collected":[86],"using":[87,96],"structured":[88],"questionnaires,":[89],"85":[91],"valid":[92],"responses":[93],"analysed":[95],"descriptive":[97],"statistics,":[98],"Pearson":[99],"correlation":[100],"multiple":[102],"linear":[103],"regression.":[104],"findings":[106],"revealed":[107],"that":[108,211],"respondents":[109],"applied":[110],"skills":[112,138,195,214],"small":[115],"moderate":[117],"extent":[118],"(M":[119],"=":[120,123,152,164,167,192],"2.59,":[121],"SD":[122],"1.18),":[124],"with":[125,147],"weaknesses":[126],"statement":[129,240],"interpretation,":[130,241],"contingency":[131,245],"planning":[132,246],"cash":[134,236],"flow":[135,237],"analysis.":[136],"demonstrated":[139],"strong,":[141],"positive":[142,160],"statistically":[144],"significant":[145,159],"relationship":[146],"(r":[151],"0.784,":[153],"p":[154,169],"<":[155,170],"0.01)":[156],"(B":[163],"0.485,":[165],"\u03b2":[166],"0.452,":[168],"0.001),":[171],"controlling":[172],"for":[173],"awareness":[175],"attitudes.":[178],"regression":[180],"model":[181],"explained":[182],"70.9%":[183],"variation":[186],"(R\u00b2":[191],"0.709).":[193],"made":[196],"largest":[198],"relative":[199],"contribution":[200],"three":[203],"literacy":[205],"dimensions":[206],"examined.":[207],"concludes":[210],"practical":[212],"are":[215],"important":[216],"predictors":[217],"County.":[226],"It":[227],"recommends":[228],"targeted,":[229],"practice-oriented":[230],"education":[232],"focused":[233],"budgeting,":[235],"analysis,":[238],"credit":[242],"assessment,":[243],"strengthen":[248],"SMEs\u2019":[249],"capacity":[250],"identify,":[252],"assess,":[253],"manage":[255],"risks.":[257]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2026-11-07T00:00:00"}