{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225429488","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/nav.70109","title":"Channel Structure and Consumer Search: Competition Between Store and National Brands","display_name":"Channel Structure and Consumer Search: Competition Between Store and National Brands","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225429488","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/nav.70109"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/nav.70109","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/nav.70109","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/nav.70109","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/nav.70109","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S182666042","display_name":"Naval Research Logistics (NRL)","issn_l":"0894-069X","issn":["0894-069X","1520-6750"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-b","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Naval Research Logistics (NRL)","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/nav.70109","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5134723567","display_name":"Weiqian Lu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9842-8619","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9842-8619"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3045169105","display_name":"Southern University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/049tv2d57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weiqian Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Business Southern University of Science and Technology  Shenzhen Guangdong China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9842-8619","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Business Southern University of Science and Technology  Shenzhen Guangdong China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050445675","display_name":"Lindong Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1015-3097","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1015-3097"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126520041","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lindong Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["International Institute of Finance, School of Management University of Science and Technology of China  Hefei Anhui China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"International Institute of Finance, School of Management University of Science and Technology of China  Hefei Anhui China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011829755","display_name":"Xiaoshuai Fan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0461-6713","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0461-6713"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3045169105","display_name":"Southern University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/049tv2d57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoshuai Fan","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Business Southern University of Science and Technology  Shenzhen Guangdong China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0461-6713","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Business Southern University of Science and Technology  Shenzhen Guangdong China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5011829755"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"],"apc_list":{"value":3700,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3700},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11161","display_name":"Consumer Market Behavior and Pricing","score":0.7724999785423279,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1406","display_name":"Marketing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11161","display_name":"Consumer Market Behavior and Pricing","score":0.7724999785423279,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1406","display_name":"Marketing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10328","display_name":"Supply Chain and Inventory Management","score":0.22529999911785126,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11043","display_name":"Merger and Competition Analysis","score":0.00139999995008111,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/private-labels","display_name":"private labels","score":0.9810000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/national-brands","display_name":"national brands","score":0.9869999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/consumer-information-search","display_name":"consumer search","score":0.7260000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/search-costs","display_name":"search costs","score":0.6169999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/price-competition","display_name":"price competition","score":0.9570000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/consumer-surplus","display_name":"consumer surplus","score":0.7979999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-welfare-welfare-economics","display_name":"social welfare (welfare economics)","score":0.7960000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brand-competition","display_name":"brand competition","score":0.3630000054836273}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91306197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45767","display_name":"Competition (biology)","level":2,"score":0.725600004196167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.7224000096321106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167393938","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q268617","display_name":"Economic surplus","level":3,"score":0.6751000285148621},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129361004","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2470236","display_name":"Profitability index","level":2,"score":0.660099983215332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779465856","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q722080","display_name":"Store brand","level":2,"score":0.6305999755859375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90673727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901718","display_name":"Product (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5622000098228455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778993002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6979564","display_name":"National brand","level":2,"score":0.5315999984741211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108170787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3951828","display_name":"Agency (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.515500009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112698675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37038","display_name":"Advertising","level":1,"score":0.5024999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.4041999876499176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.3905999958515167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21782646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q841666","display_name":"Search cost","level":2,"score":0.3896999955177307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100243477","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12002092","display_name":"Welfare","level":2,"score":0.3801000118255615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992867849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q851147","display_name":"Consumer welfare","level":3,"score":0.3790000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54750564","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26643","display_name":"Commerce","level":1,"score":0.3540000021457672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.3508000075817108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778854227","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5072492","display_name":"Channel coordination","level":4,"score":0.3447999954223633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33556415","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1200129","display_name":"Product differentiation","level":3,"score":0.3034999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779084295","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q722080","display_name":"Private label","level":2,"score":0.28529998660087585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.28200000524520874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101472132","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q835678","display_name":"Price discrimination","level":2,"score":0.27469998598098755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.27459999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23213687","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q301468","display_name":"Consumer behaviour","level":2,"score":0.27140000462532043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180456769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750207","display_name":"Duopoly","level":3,"score":0.26840001344680786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776314989","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q833495","display_name":"Consumer choice","level":2,"score":0.26649999618530273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780193402","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3394670","display_name":"Pricing strategies","level":2,"score":0.2551000118255615}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1002/nav.70109","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/nav.70109","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/nav.70109","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/nav.70109","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S182666042","display_name":"Naval Research Logistics (NRL)","issn_l":"0894-069X","issn":["0894-069X","1520-6750"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-b","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Naval Research Logistics (NRL)","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/nav.70109","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/nav.70109","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/nav.70109","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/nav.70109","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S182666042","display_name":"Naval Research Logistics (NRL)","issn_l":"0894-069X","issn":["0894-069X","1520-6750"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-b","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Naval Research Logistics (NRL)","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3114606070","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"72422023","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3761466809","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"72471216","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7225429488.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7225429488.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":46,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1484466158","https://openalex.org/W1873165136","https://openalex.org/W1977651645","https://openalex.org/W2003683092","https://openalex.org/W2017510318","https://openalex.org/W2020979659","https://openalex.org/W2045686232","https://openalex.org/W2045899959","https://openalex.org/W2056501160","https://openalex.org/W2067586873","https://openalex.org/W2070012150","https://openalex.org/W2080573261","https://openalex.org/W2096551521","https://openalex.org/W2107989631","https://openalex.org/W2135906874","https://openalex.org/W2182181681","https://openalex.org/W2266602631","https://openalex.org/W2278915594","https://openalex.org/W2920955803","https://openalex.org/W2922436821","https://openalex.org/W2924146692","https://openalex.org/W2963714621","https://openalex.org/W3080516502","https://openalex.org/W3111092308","https://openalex.org/W3119194281","https://openalex.org/W3123121871","https://openalex.org/W3158077152","https://openalex.org/W3197196076","https://openalex.org/W4200474545","https://openalex.org/W4214705984","https://openalex.org/W4214849374","https://openalex.org/W4234411621","https://openalex.org/W4248034178","https://openalex.org/W4290098459","https://openalex.org/W4292429800","https://openalex.org/W4306698484","https://openalex.org/W4309625832","https://openalex.org/W4378699272","https://openalex.org/W4389513974","https://openalex.org/W4392471672","https://openalex.org/W4393097856","https://openalex.org/W4403287519","https://openalex.org/W4403585007","https://openalex.org/W4403934105","https://openalex.org/W4404235626","https://openalex.org/W4412603238"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4240038058","https://openalex.org/W1970822067","https://openalex.org/W1567530588","https://openalex.org/W4220890278","https://openalex.org/W3120166823","https://openalex.org/W2184816852","https://openalex.org/W2062023875","https://openalex.org/W2152778114","https://openalex.org/W3049542969","https://openalex.org/W2048092756"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"ABSTRACT":[0],"Despite":[1],"the":[2,14,59,70,135,142,185,192,196,199,223,254],"higher":[3,158],"profitability":[4],"of":[5,217],"store":[6,49,218],"brands,":[7],"retailers":[8],"persistently":[9],"accommodate":[10],"national":[11,55,220],"brands":[12,221],"in":[13,152,222,262],"same":[15,224],"category":[16,225],"rather":[17],"than":[18],"excluding":[19],"them":[20],"from":[21,115,137,144],"their":[22,248,263],"assortments.":[23],"This":[24],"paper":[25],"develops":[26],"a":[27,42,48,54,65,124,230],"consumer":[28,84,132,160],"search":[29,85,121,172,175,255],"model":[30],"to":[31,41,110,203,253],"explain":[32],"this":[33],"phenomenon":[34],"by":[35],"analyzing":[36],"three":[37,94],"selling":[38,61,72,77,249],"strategies":[39],"available":[40],"retailer":[43],"who":[44],"simultaneously":[45],"acts":[46],"as":[47,64,112,229],"brand":[50,56,155,244],"owner":[51,194,201],"competing":[52],"with":[53],"owner.":[57],"Using":[58],"separate":[60],"format":[62,73,78,250],"(SSF)":[63],"benchmark,":[66],"we":[67],"examine":[68],"how":[69],"wholesale":[71],"(WSF)":[74],"and":[75,83,100,105,130,163,219,238,257],"agency":[76],"(ASF)":[79],"alter":[80],"price":[81,103],"competition":[82,104],"behavior":[86],"through":[87],"one\u2010stop":[88,116,138,235,258],"shopping":[89,117,139,236,259],"convenience.":[90,118],"Our":[91],"analysis":[92],"yields":[93],"key":[95],"findings.":[96],"First,":[97],"both":[98,154,182],"WSF":[99],"ASF":[101],"soften":[102],"raise":[106],"product":[107],"prices":[108,129],"relative":[109],"SSF,":[111],"consumers":[113],"benefit":[114],"Second,":[119],"when":[120],"costs":[122,176],"exceed":[123],"certain":[125],"threshold,":[126],"high":[127,131],"retail":[128,212],"surplus":[133,161],"coexist:":[134],"savings":[136],"convenience":[140,237,260],"outweigh":[141],"losses":[143],"elevated":[145],"prices,":[146],"producing":[147],"an":[148],"anti\u2010intuitive":[149],"win\u2010win\u2010win":[150],"outcome":[151],"which":[153],"owners":[156,245],"earn":[157],"profits,":[159],"improves,":[162],"social":[164],"welfare":[165,241],"increases.":[166],"Third,":[167],"selling\u2010format":[168],"preferences":[169],"depend":[170],"on":[171],"costs.":[173],"When":[174],"are":[177],"sufficiently":[178],"low":[179],"or":[180],"high,":[181],"parties":[183],"prefer":[184],"WSF.":[186,205],"At":[187],"intermediate":[188],"search\u2010cost":[189],"levels,":[190],"however,":[191],"store\u2010brand":[193],"prefers":[195],"ASF,":[197],"whereas":[198],"national\u2010brand":[200],"continues":[202],"favor":[204],"These":[206],"findings":[207],"offer":[208],"actionable":[209],"guidance":[210],"for":[211],"operations":[213],"managers.":[214],"The":[215],"coexistence":[216],"can":[226],"be":[227],"rationalized":[228],"search\u2010cost\u2010driven":[231],"strategy":[232],"that":[233],"enhances":[234],"generates":[239],"system\u2010wide":[240],"gains.":[242],"Thus,":[243],"should":[246],"calibrate":[247],"decisions":[251],"according":[252],"cost":[256],"conditions":[261],"target":[264],"markets.":[265]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2026-11-07T00:00:00"}