{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225428405","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13021-026-00537-y","title":"Multidimensional factors and mitigation scenarios for carbon emissions (2014\u20132022) in urban agglomeration: a machine learning analysis of the Nansi Lake Basin, China","display_name":"Multidimensional factors and mitigation scenarios for carbon emissions (2014\u20132022) in urban agglomeration: a machine learning analysis of the Nansi Lake Basin, China","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225428405","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13021-026-00537-y"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s13021-026-00537-y","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13021-026-00537-y","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13021-026-00537-y","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S181420343","display_name":"Carbon Balance and Management","issn_l":"1750-0680","issn":["1750-0680"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Carbon Balance and Management","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13021-026-00537-y","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5121834434","display_name":"Shengyao Liao","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74485261","display_name":"Shandong Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/02ke8fw32","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74485261"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I888641300","display_name":"Royal Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/033byn085","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I888641300"]}],"countries":["CN","GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shengyao Liao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Real Estate and Land Management, Royal Agricultural University, Cirencester, UK","School of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Real Estate and Land Management, Royal Agricultural University, Cirencester, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I888641300"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74485261"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027636591","display_name":"Xinyue Gu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8166-6618","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8166-6618"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210103524","display_name":"Guangdong Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/01g9hkj35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210103524"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210147158","display_name":"Guangzhou Institute of Geography","ror":"https://ror.org/03tbxt129","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210147158"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xinyue Gu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Guangzhou Institute of Geography, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, 100 Xianlie Middle Road, Guangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Guangzhou Institute of Geography, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, 100 Xianlie Middle Road, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210103524","https://openalex.org/I4210147158"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5027636591"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210103524","https://openalex.org/I4210147158"],"apc_list":{"value":1890,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1890},"apc_paid":{"value":1890,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1890},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10438","display_name":"Energy, Environment, Economic Growth","score":0.9735999703407288,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10438","display_name":"Energy, Environment, Economic Growth","score":0.9735999703407288,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10435","display_name":"Environmental Impact and Sustainability","score":0.003800000064074993,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10471","display_name":"Climate Change Policy and Economics","score":0.00279999990016222,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urban-carbon-emissions","display_name":"urban carbon emissions","score":0.8519999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carbon-emission-drivers","display_name":"carbon emission drivers","score":0.5649999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aquatic-plants","display_name":"aquatic plants","score":0.699999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/catchment-characteristics","display_name":"catchment characteristics","score":0.6669999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/socioeconomic-factors","display_name":"socioeconomic factors","score":0.7919999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carbon-emission-reduction","display_name":"carbon emission reduction","score":0.3700000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/xgboost","display_name":"XGBoost","score":0.5400000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-importance-analysis","display_name":"feature importance analysis","score":0.609000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intervention-scenarios","display_name":"intervention scenarios","score":0.37599998712539673}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154611951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q393233","display_name":"Urban agglomeration","level":2,"score":0.7928000092506409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.659600019454956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47737302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q167336","display_name":"Greenhouse gas","level":2,"score":0.5001999735832214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189285262","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1332350","display_name":"Multicollinearity","level":3,"score":0.4747999906539917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140205800","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5860","display_name":"Carbon fibers","level":3,"score":0.4708000123500824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87717796","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q146326","display_name":"Environmental engineering","level":1,"score":0.4020000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6939412","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q167751","display_name":"Carbon cycle","level":3,"score":0.3887999951839447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.3571999967098236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107826830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q929380","display_name":"Environmental resource management","level":1,"score":0.34689998626708984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.34060001373291016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150547873","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q947851","display_name":"Watershed","level":2,"score":0.34049999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4792198","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1165944","display_name":"Land use","level":2,"score":0.3398999869823456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41856607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483130","display_name":"Geographic information system","level":2,"score":0.3337000012397766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22884784","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15305550","display_name":"Carbon sequestration","level":3,"score":0.3208000063896179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110872660","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37813","display_name":"Ecosystem","level":2,"score":0.2833999991416931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49545453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q69883","display_name":"Urban planning","level":2,"score":0.2833000123500824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109007969","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q749565","display_name":"Structural basin","level":2,"score":0.27889999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20664614","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2067951","display_name":"Urban ecosystem","level":3,"score":0.27059999108314514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58941895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q295865","display_name":"Ecosystem services","level":3,"score":0.2689000070095062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76886044","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2883300","display_name":"Hydrology (agriculture)","level":2,"score":0.26260000467300415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C526734887","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q832237","display_name":"Environmental protection","level":1,"score":0.2606000006198883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107327155","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q330268","display_name":"Decision support system","level":2,"score":0.2542000114917755}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1186/s13021-026-00537-y","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13021-026-00537-y","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13021-026-00537-y","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S181420343","display_name":"Carbon Balance and Management","issn_l":"1750-0680","issn":["1750-0680"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Carbon Balance and Management","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s13021-026-00537-y","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13021-026-00537-y","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13021-026-00537-y","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S181420343","display_name":"Carbon Balance and Management","issn_l":"1750-0680","issn":["1750-0680"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Carbon Balance and Management","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"display_name":"Climate action","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13"},{"score":0.9333000183105469,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"},{"score":0.7778000235557556,"display_name":"Clean water and sanitation","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6"},{"score":0.4034000039100647,"display_name":"Life on land","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4384298129","https://openalex.org/W4405660149","https://openalex.org/W4396687655","https://openalex.org/W7129105331","https://openalex.org/W4415551016","https://openalex.org/W7118023302","https://openalex.org/W4383214136","https://openalex.org/W7220428891","https://openalex.org/W4385541333","https://openalex.org/W4322631305"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Urban":[0],"agglomerations":[1,29],"are":[2,11,63],"key":[3,179],"areas":[4],"for":[5,115,218,239,244,260],"carbon":[6,19,25,46,66,94,100,159,202,241],"emissions,":[7],"and":[8,96,118,126,135,169,183,197,222,235,249,254],"lake":[9],"ecosystems":[10],"statistically":[12],"associated":[13,44,64,91,200],"with":[14,45,65,92,123,201],"the":[15,41,49,75,88,143,188,245],"regulation":[16,67],"of":[17,40,166,205],"their":[18],"cycles.":[20],"However,":[21],"existing":[22],"research":[23,83,231],"on":[24,32,105,187],"emissions":[26,47,95],"in":[27,53],"urban":[28,55,79,252],"largely":[30],"focuses":[31],"macro-scale":[33],"studies.":[34],"It":[35],"lacks":[36],"a":[37,163,214,226,233],"systematic":[38],"analysis":[39,156],"multidimensional":[42,89],"factors":[43,90,161],"at":[48],"fine":[50],"community":[51],"scale":[52],"lake-type":[54,251],"agglomerations,":[56],"particularly":[57],"neglecting":[58],"watershed-specific":[59],"ecological":[60],"processes":[61],"that":[62,133,158],"such":[68,194],"as":[69,81,195,213],"aquatic":[70],"vegetation.":[71],"This":[72,173,230],"study":[73,174],"uses":[74],"Nansi":[76,246],"Lake":[77,247],"Basin":[78,248],"agglomeration":[80],"its":[82],"site,":[84],"aiming":[85],"to":[86,110],"quantify":[87],"community-scale":[93],"simulate":[97],"spatially":[98,236],"gradient-based":[99],"reduction":[101,242],"optimization":[102],"strategies.":[103],"Based":[104,186],"multi-source":[106],"data":[107],"from":[108],"2014":[109],"2022,":[111],"XGBoost":[112],"was":[113],"used":[114],"regression":[116],"prediction":[117,148],"feature":[119],"importance":[120,155],"analysis,":[121],"combined":[122],"scenario":[124],"design":[125],"optimal":[127],"strategy":[128],"simulation.":[129],"The":[130],"results":[131],"show":[132],"multicollinearity":[134],"weak":[136],"linear":[137],"correlation":[138],"among":[139],"independent":[140],"variables,":[141],"but":[142],"ensemble":[144],"model":[145,219],"has":[146,255],"high":[147],"accuracy":[149],"(average":[150],"R\u00b2":[151],"=":[152],"0.866).":[153],"Feature":[154],"indicates":[157],"emission":[160,203],"exhibit":[162],"dual":[164],"characteristic":[165],"\u201csocio-economic":[167],"dominance\u201d":[168],"\u201cprominent":[170],"watershed":[171],"characteristics.\u201d":[172],"designed":[175],"three-tiered":[176],"intervention":[177],"scenarios:":[178],"intervention,":[180,182],"moderate":[181],"comprehensive":[184],"optimization.":[185],"model\u2019s":[189],"predictions,":[190],"adjusting":[191],"policy-adjustable":[192,227],"indicators":[193],"Temperature":[196],"Population":[198],"is":[199,210,223],"reductions":[204],"approximately":[206],"7,000":[207],"tC.":[208],"DEM":[209],"treated":[211],"only":[212],"static":[215],"topographic":[216],"control":[217],"sensitivity":[220],"diagnosis":[221],"not":[224],"considered":[225],"mitigation":[228],"option.":[229],"provides":[232],"quantifiable":[234],"explicit":[237],"framework":[238],"exploring":[240],"options":[243],"similar":[250],"clusters":[253],"significant":[256],"decision-making":[257],"reference":[258],"value":[259],"formulating":[261],"differentiated":[262],"regional":[263],"low-carbon":[264],"development":[265],"plans.":[266]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-08T12:12:28.789561","created_date":"2026-11-07T00:00:00"}