{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225425807","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6463/aebede","title":"Physics-Based Optoelectronic Simulation of Geometry-Engineered Ge-on-Si SPADs for SWIR Photon Detection","display_name":"Physics-Based Optoelectronic Simulation of Geometry-Engineered Ge-on-Si SPADs for SWIR Photon Detection","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225425807","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6463/aebede"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1088/1361-6463/aebede","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6463/aebede","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6463/aebede","pdf_url":"https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1361-6463/aebede/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111927887","display_name":"Journal of Physics D Applied Physics","issn_l":"0022-3727","issn":["0022-3727","1361-6463"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-d","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311669","host_organization_name":"Institute of Physics","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311669"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1361-6463/aebede/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5143446664","display_name":"Liyu Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-0973-9272","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0000-0973-9272"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210144662","display_name":"Xi'an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics","ror":"https://ror.org/0444j5556","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210144662"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liyu Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Xi'an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics of CAS"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-0973-9272","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Xi'an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics of CAS","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210144662"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161141543","display_name":"Fei Wu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210144662","display_name":"Xi'an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics","ror":"https://ror.org/0444j5556","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210144662"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fei Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Xi'an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics of CAS"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Xi'an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics of CAS","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210144662"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101336811","display_name":"Chang Su","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-1293-0534","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0001-1293-0534"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210144662","display_name":"Xi'an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics","ror":"https://ror.org/0444j5556","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210144662"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chang Su","raw_affiliation_strings":["Xi'an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics of CAS"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Xi'an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics of CAS","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210144662"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5104297660","display_name":"Zefang Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-7518-7090","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0000-7518-7090"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210144662","display_name":"Xi'an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics","ror":"https://ror.org/0444j5556","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210144662"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zefang Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Xi'an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics of CAS"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Xi'an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics of CAS","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210144662"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005982552","display_name":"Shuangquan Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6088-2437","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6088-2437"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210144662","display_name":"Xi'an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics","ror":"https://ror.org/0444j5556","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210144662"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shuangquan Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Xi'an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics of CAS"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Xi'an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics of CAS","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210144662"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101336810","display_name":"KAI QIAO","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210144662","display_name":"Xi'an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics","ror":"https://ror.org/0444j5556","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210144662"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kai Qiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Xi'an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics of CAS"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Xi'an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics of CAS","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210144662"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5143437151","display_name":"Tianye Liu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210144662","display_name":"Xi'an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics","ror":"https://ror.org/0444j5556","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210144662"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tianye Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Xi'an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics of CAS"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Xi'an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics of CAS","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210144662"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101665965","display_name":"Fei Yin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6758-6884","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6758-6884"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210144662","display_name":"Xi'an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics","ror":"https://ror.org/0444j5556","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210144662"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fei Yin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Xi'an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics of CAS"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Xi'an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics of CAS","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210144662"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013346480","display_name":"Jieying Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7157-9561","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7157-9561"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210144662","display_name":"Xi'an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics","ror":"https://ror.org/0444j5556","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210144662"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jieying Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Xi'an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics of CAS"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Xi'an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics of CAS","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210144662"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075058299","display_name":"Yu Wei Chang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-2130-7579","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0000-2130-7579"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210144662","display_name":"Xi'an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics","ror":"https://ror.org/0444j5556","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210144662"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"yu chang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Xi'an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics of CAS"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-2130-7579","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Xi'an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics of CAS","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210144662"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100716975","display_name":"Xing Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4283-7012","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4283-7012","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6756-3575"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210144662","display_name":"Xi'an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics","ror":"https://ror.org/0444j5556","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210144662"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xing Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Xi'an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics of CAS"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4283-7012","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Xi'an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics of CAS","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210144662"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5013346480","https://openalex.org/A5100716975"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210144662"],"apc_list":{"value":3325,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3325},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12153","display_name":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","score":0.4311999976634979,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3105","display_name":"Instrumentation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12153","display_name":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","score":0.4311999976634979,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3105","display_name":"Instrumentation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11637","display_name":"Advanced Semiconductor Detectors and Materials","score":0.37380000948905945,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10299","display_name":"Photonic and Optical Devices","score":0.05609999969601631,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dark-count-rate","display_name":"dark count rate","score":0.7950000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/threading-dislocations","display_name":"threading dislocations","score":0.7699999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/point-defects","display_name":"point defects","score":0.9190000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/breakdown-probability","display_name":"breakdown probability","score":0.6269999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise-equivalent-power","display_name":"noise equivalent power","score":0.7020000219345093}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.6252999901771545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125287762","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1758948","display_name":"Absorption (acoustics)","level":2,"score":0.5763000249862671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99844830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q102441924","display_name":"Scaling","level":2,"score":0.5565999746322632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.5565999746322632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23125352","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210765","display_name":"Photodetector","level":2,"score":0.5335000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.5163999795913696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78434282","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11656","display_name":"Diode","level":2,"score":0.4887999892234802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131584629","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4308705","display_name":"Coupling (piping)","level":2,"score":0.474700003862381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9395851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177929","display_name":"Stack (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.43779999017715454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180651308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1265973","display_name":"Dark current","level":3,"score":0.4374000132083893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.4293000102043152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158355884","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11388","display_name":"Infrared","level":2,"score":0.3953999876976013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.37560001015663147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780478481","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1189460","display_name":"Large format","level":2,"score":0.36649999022483826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62354387","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q875399","display_name":"Boundary (topology)","level":2,"score":0.35089999437332153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159317903","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3198","display_name":"Photon","level":2,"score":0.3370000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176666156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25504","display_name":"Light-emitting diode","level":2,"score":0.3325999975204468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20788544","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q467054","display_name":"Photonics","level":2,"score":0.31769999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43571822","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599037","display_name":"Near-infrared spectroscopy","level":2,"score":0.3043999969959259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.3034999966621399}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1088/1361-6463/aebede","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6463/aebede","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6463/aebede","pdf_url":"https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1361-6463/aebede/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111927887","display_name":"Journal of Physics D Applied Physics","issn_l":"0022-3727","issn":["0022-3727","1361-6463"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-d","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311669","host_organization_name":"Institute of Physics","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311669"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1088/1361-6463/aebede","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6463/aebede","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6463/aebede","pdf_url":"https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1361-6463/aebede/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111927887","display_name":"Journal of Physics D Applied Physics","issn_l":"0022-3727","issn":["0022-3727","1361-6463"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-d","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311669","host_organization_name":"Institute of Physics","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311669"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1426829848","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62075236)","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3639897560","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"12404032","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336567","display_name":"Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7225425807.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7225425807.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1143319640","https://openalex.org/W1486585911","https://openalex.org/W1990759845","https://openalex.org/W1993747199","https://openalex.org/W2000999566","https://openalex.org/W2044768768","https://openalex.org/W2045384341","https://openalex.org/W2047903854","https://openalex.org/W2059631927","https://openalex.org/W2060409136","https://openalex.org/W2063492511","https://openalex.org/W2074988281","https://openalex.org/W2076634199","https://openalex.org/W2091105797","https://openalex.org/W2128923591","https://openalex.org/W2135260691","https://openalex.org/W2141378501","https://openalex.org/W2144970115","https://openalex.org/W2150702221","https://openalex.org/W2154705455","https://openalex.org/W2412931824","https://openalex.org/W2919203897","https://openalex.org/W3030263322","https://openalex.org/W3179519263","https://openalex.org/W3211581463","https://openalex.org/W4377088404","https://openalex.org/W4391994162","https://openalex.org/W4399768164","https://openalex.org/W4402750135","https://openalex.org/W4410358600","https://openalex.org/W4416980107","https://openalex.org/W7126227217","https://openalex.org/W7133340710"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4413461219","https://openalex.org/W4416980107","https://openalex.org/W3118526496","https://openalex.org/W2945185625","https://openalex.org/W4392642543","https://openalex.org/W2915573680","https://openalex.org/W7221056645","https://openalex.org/W4324133108","https://openalex.org/W3018121098","https://openalex.org/W3211581463"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Ge-on-Si":[1,50,225],"single-photon":[2],"avalanche":[3],"diodes":[4],"(SPADs)":[5],"are":[6],"promising":[7],"candidates":[8],"for":[9,177,220],"silicon-compatible":[10],"short-wave":[11],"infrared":[12],"(SWIR)":[13],"photon-counting":[14],"arrays,":[15],"but":[16],"pixel":[17],"scaling":[18],"toward":[19],"the":[20,24,79,95,101,112,126,145,178],"10-\u00b5m":[21],"class":[22],"intensifies":[23],"tradeoff":[25],"among":[26],"optical":[27],"absorption,":[28],"electric-field":[29],"control,":[30],"and":[31,67,72,87,106,118,136,159,172,181,203,228,233],"defect-related":[32],"dark-count":[33],"generation.":[34,138],"This":[35],"work":[36],"presents":[37],"a":[38,64,140,160,208,216],"physics-based":[39],"optoelectronic":[40],"simulation":[41],"study":[42],"of":[43,129,154,162],"geometry-dependent":[44],"field-absorption-breakdown-probability":[45],"coupling":[46],"in":[47,223],"compact":[48,224],"back-side-illuminated":[49],"SPADs":[51],"with":[52,69],"geometry-engineered":[53],"Ge":[54,59,75,92],"absorbers.":[55],"A":[56],"process-inspired":[57],"top-wide/bottom-narrow":[58,146],"absorber":[60,76],"is":[61,148,168,201],"used":[62],"as":[63],"representative":[65],"structure":[66,147],"compared":[68],"uniformly":[70,73,179,182],"narrow":[71,180],"wide":[74,183],"baselines":[77],"under":[78],"same":[80],"SACM":[81],"stack,":[82],"field-termination":[83],"configuration,":[84],"defect-parameter":[85,211],"set,":[86],"illumination":[88],"condition.":[89],"The":[90,165],"upper-wide":[91],"region":[93],"enhances":[94],"optically":[96],"active":[97],"absorption":[98],"volume,":[99],"whereas":[100],"narrowed":[102],"bottom":[103],"Ge/Si":[104],"interface":[105],"tapered":[107],"Ge/SiO":[108],"2":[109],"boundary":[110],"reduce":[111],"spatial":[113],"overlap":[114],"between":[115],"defect-sensitive":[116],"regions":[117],"high":[119],"breakdown":[120],"probability.":[121],"Dark-count":[122],"decomposition":[123],"further":[124],"clarifies":[125],"relative":[127],"contributions":[128],"bulk":[130],"generation,":[131,133,135],"threading-dislocation-related":[132],"point-defect":[134],"sidewall":[137],"At":[139],"5%":[141],"excess":[142],"bias":[143],"ratio,":[144],"calculated":[149],"to":[150,186],"achieve":[151],"an":[152],"SPDE":[153],"16.9%":[155],"at":[156],"1310":[157],"nm":[158],"DCR":[161],"19.36":[163],"MHz.":[164],"corresponding":[166],"NEP":[167,199],"reduced":[169],"from":[170],"11.05":[171],"7.82":[173],"fW":[174,188],"Hz":[175,189],"-1/2":[176,190],"baselines,":[184],"respectively,":[185],"5.59":[187],".":[191],"Representative":[192],"defect-and":[193],"sidewall-parameter":[194],"variations":[195],"indicate":[196],"that":[197],"this":[198],"advantage":[200],"robust":[202],"does":[204],"not":[205],"rely":[206],"on":[207],"single":[209],"nominal":[210],"set.":[212],"These":[213],"results":[214],"provide":[215],"simulation-based":[217],"physical":[218],"guideline":[219],"absorber-geometry":[221],"engineering":[222],"SPAD":[226],"pixels":[227],"support":[229],"future":[230],"experimental":[231],"validation":[232],"optimization.":[234]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-09T13:22:03.289127","created_date":"2026-11-07T00:00:00"}