{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225425799","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3343/alm.2026.0382","title":"Nationwide Survey of Laboratory-Initiated Peripheral Blood Smear Review Practices in Korea: Criteria, Workload, and Reimbursement","display_name":"Nationwide Survey of Laboratory-Initiated Peripheral Blood Smear Review Practices in Korea: Criteria, Workload, and Reimbursement","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225425799","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3343/alm.2026.0382","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42989616"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3343/alm.2026.0382","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3343/alm.2026.0382","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3343/alm.2026.0382","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210169500","display_name":"Annals of Laboratory Medicine","issn_l":"2234-3806","issn":["2234-3806","2234-3814"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","kci-registered","medline","poland-70","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319466","host_organization_name":"Seoul National University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319466"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Seoul National University"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annals of Laboratory Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3343/alm.2026.0382","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100618310","display_name":"Hyunji Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3548-0254","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3548-0254"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139264467","display_name":"Seoul National University","ror":"https://ror.org/04h9pn542","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2803058125","display_name":"Seoul National University Bundang Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/00cb3km46","country_code":"KR","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139264467","https://openalex.org/I2802835388","https://openalex.org/I2803058125"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hyunji Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital and Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3548-0254","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital and Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467","https://openalex.org/I2803058125"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059563356","display_name":"Won Kyung Kwon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7676-5814","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7676-5814"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Won Kyung Kwon","raw_affiliation_strings":["U2 Medical Foundation, Seoul, Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7676-5814","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"U2 Medical Foundation, Seoul, Korea","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054927700","display_name":"Sooyong Park","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4424-4467","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4424-4467"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I196345858","display_name":"Chungnam National University","ror":"https://ror.org/0227as991","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I196345858"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210143602","display_name":"Chungnam National University Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/04353mq94","country_code":"KR","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I196345858","https://openalex.org/I4210143602"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sooyong Park","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4424-4467","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196345858","https://openalex.org/I4210143602"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063357509","display_name":"Daehyun Chu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9086-8740","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9086-8740"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801680663","display_name":"Asan Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/03s5q0090","country_code":"KR","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801680663","https://openalex.org/I4210167194"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40542001","display_name":"University of Ulsan","ror":"https://ror.org/02c2f8975","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40542001"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daehyun Chu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Laboratory Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9086-8740","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801680663","https://openalex.org/I40542001"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087298237","display_name":"Jin Hwan Jung","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3104-460X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3104-460X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210160144","display_name":"The Catholic University of Korea Seoul St. Mary's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/056cn0e37","country_code":"KR","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210160144","https://openalex.org/I4405260414","https://openalex.org/I87111246"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87111246","display_name":"Catholic University of Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/01fpnj063","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87111246"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jin Jung","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul St. Mary\u2019s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3104-460X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul St. Mary\u2019s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210160144","https://openalex.org/I87111246"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100623896","display_name":"Jin Ju Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9166-1848","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9166-1848"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193775966","display_name":"Yonsei University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wjejq96","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193775966"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799970807","display_name":"Severance Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/044kjp413","country_code":"KR","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193775966","https://openalex.org/I2799970807","https://openalex.org/I4210160791"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jin Ju Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Laboratory Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9166-1848","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193775966","https://openalex.org/I2799970807"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101583959","display_name":"Jong\u2010Mi Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2890-5285","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2890-5285"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210160144","display_name":"The Catholic University of Korea Seoul St. Mary's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/056cn0e37","country_code":"KR","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210160144","https://openalex.org/I4405260414","https://openalex.org/I87111246"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87111246","display_name":"Catholic University of Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/01fpnj063","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87111246"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jong-Mi Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul St. Mary\u2019s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2890-5285","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul St. Mary\u2019s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210160144","https://openalex.org/I87111246"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043910009","display_name":"Myungshin Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8632-0168","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8632-0168"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210160144","display_name":"The Catholic University of Korea Seoul St. Mary's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/056cn0e37","country_code":"KR","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210160144","https://openalex.org/I4405260414","https://openalex.org/I87111246"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87111246","display_name":"Catholic University of Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/01fpnj063","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87111246"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Myungshin Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul St. Mary\u2019s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8632-0168","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul St. Mary\u2019s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210160144","https://openalex.org/I87111246"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":10,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11314","display_name":"Clinical Laboratory Practices and Quality Control","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3607","display_name":"Medical Laboratory Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11314","display_name":"Clinical Laboratory Practices and Quality Control","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3607","display_name":"Medical Laboratory Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13374","display_name":"Hematological disorders and diagnostics","score":0.002899999963119626,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2720","display_name":"Hematology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13555","display_name":"Healthcare cost, quality, practices","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3600","display_name":"General Health Professions"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/review-criteria","display_name":"review criteria","score":0.6759999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/laboratory-workload","display_name":"laboratory workload","score":0.6909999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reimbursement","display_name":"reimbursement","score":0.5400000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hematologic-disorders","display_name":"hematologic disorders","score":0.5889999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reticulocyte-count","display_name":"reticulocyte count","score":0.7409999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inter-institutional-variation","display_name":"inter-institutional variability","score":0.7620000243186951}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.8321999907493591},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779703844","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q760125","display_name":"Reimbursement","level":3,"score":0.7195000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778476105","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628539","display_name":"Workload","level":2,"score":0.5781000256538391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993758460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q65067531","display_name":"Hematology analyzer","level":2,"score":0.5271000266075134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019917304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q886518","display_name":"Blood count","level":2,"score":0.47290000319480896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018882108","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q886475","display_name":"Blood film","level":3,"score":0.4422000050544739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C512399662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3505712","display_name":"Family medicine","level":1,"score":0.4374000132083893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194828623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2861470","display_name":"Emergency medicine","level":1,"score":0.3643999993801117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C545542383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2751242","display_name":"Medical emergency","level":1,"score":0.3569999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017910909","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q618363","display_name":"Peripheral blood","level":2,"score":0.33719998598098755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187212893","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q123028","display_name":"Pediatrics","level":1,"score":0.32420000433921814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2994533931","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q49845","display_name":"Postal service","level":2,"score":0.31310001015663147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779974597","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28448986","display_name":"Clinical Practice","level":2,"score":0.30630001425743103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33643355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5176731","display_name":"Count data","level":3,"score":0.2896000146865845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781342390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17146321","display_name":"Under-reporting","level":2,"score":0.2612999975681305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779785115","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q708399","display_name":"Indemnity","level":2,"score":0.25609999895095825}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3343/alm.2026.0382","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3343/alm.2026.0382","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3343/alm.2026.0382","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210169500","display_name":"Annals of Laboratory Medicine","issn_l":"2234-3806","issn":["2234-3806","2234-3814"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","kci-registered","medline","poland-70","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319466","host_organization_name":"Seoul National University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319466"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Seoul National University"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annals of Laboratory Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:42989616","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42989616","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annals of laboratory medicine","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3343/alm.2026.0382","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3343/alm.2026.0382","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3343/alm.2026.0382","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210169500","display_name":"Annals of Laboratory Medicine","issn_l":"2234-3806","issn":["2234-3806","2234-3814"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","kci-registered","medline","poland-70","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319466","host_organization_name":"Seoul National University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319466"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Seoul National University"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annals of Laboratory Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.9391000270843506,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7160865768","https://openalex.org/W7213584681","https://openalex.org/W3085827529","https://openalex.org/W7160214976","https://openalex.org/W6902012657","https://openalex.org/W4416130357","https://openalex.org/W4403114650","https://openalex.org/W7214319859","https://openalex.org/W2754256138","https://openalex.org/W2078985289"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Background:":[0],"Peripheral":[1],"blood":[2,30],"(PB)":[3],"smear":[4,19],"review":[5,212],"is":[6],"an":[7],"essential":[8],"component":[9],"of":[10,55,65,171,211],"the":[11,53,104,115,133],"diagnostic":[12],"workup":[13],"for":[14,140,176,193],"hematological":[15],"disorders.":[16],"Laboratory-initiated":[17],"PB":[18],"reviews":[20],"(LIRs)":[21],"are":[22,48,225],"performed":[23],"based":[24],"on":[25,42,164],"predefined":[26,109],"criteria":[27,119,139],"involving":[28],"complete":[29],"count":[31,128],"(CBC)":[32],"parameters,":[33],"analyzer-generated":[34],"flags,":[35],"and":[36,46,75,87,99,125,145,173,178,216,222],"clinical":[37,143],"information.":[38],"However,":[39],"nationwide":[40,63,136],"data":[41],"LIR":[43,56,80,110,196],"practices,":[44],"workloads,":[45],"reimbursements":[47,88,192],"limited.":[49],"Therefore,":[50,218],"we":[51],"investigated":[52],"status":[54],"practices":[57,197],"in":[58,68,181,198,209],"Korean":[59,135],"institutions.":[60,93],"Methods:":[61],"A":[62],"survey":[64],"medical":[66],"institutions":[67,187],"South":[69],"Korea":[70,199],"was":[71,95,162],"conducted":[72],"between":[73],"October":[74],"November":[76],"2025.":[77],"Responses":[78],"covering":[79],"criteria,":[81,213],"analyzer":[82],"flag":[83],"utilization,":[84],"workload,":[85,214],"reporting,":[86,215],"were":[89,114,148],"collected":[90],"from":[91],"103":[92],"Workload":[94],"assessed":[96],"using":[97],"case-":[98],"time-based":[100],"approaches.":[101],"Results:":[102],"Among":[103],"participating":[105],"institutions,":[106],"94.1%":[107],"used":[108],"criteria.":[111],"Analyzer-generated":[112],"flags":[113],"most":[116],"frequently":[117,150],"applied":[118],"(95.8%),":[120],"followed":[121],"by":[122],"CBC":[123],"(85.4%)":[124,129],"automated":[126],"differential":[127],"parameters.":[130],"Compared":[131],"with":[132,167],"2010":[134],"survey,":[137],"supplementary":[138],"reticulocyte":[141],"count,":[142],"information,":[144],"delta":[146],"checks":[147],"less":[149],"used.":[151],"The":[152,159],"numerical":[153],"thresholds":[154],"exhibited":[155],"notable":[156],"inter-institutional":[157],"variability.":[158],"operational":[160],"burden":[161],"concentrated":[163],"technologist-performed":[165],"workflows,":[166],"median":[168],"monthly":[169],"times":[170],"4,825":[172],"575":[174],"min":[175],"technologists":[177],"hematology":[179],"specialists":[180],"large":[182],"academic":[183],"centers,":[184],"respectively.":[185],"Most":[186],"(79.4%)":[188],"did":[189],"not":[190],"claim":[191],"LIRs.":[194],"Conclusions:":[195],"have":[200],"evolved":[201],"toward":[202],"simpler,":[203],"analyzer-centered":[204],"workflows;":[205],"however,":[206],"variability":[207],"persists":[208],"terms":[210],"reimbursements.":[217],"updated":[219],"consensus":[220],"recommendations":[221],"reimbursement":[223],"policies":[224],"required.":[226]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2026-11-07T00:00:00"}
