{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225425019","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.6c12330","title":"Combating the Bloodstream Infection Cascade: Sequential Therapeutic Nanomaterials for Pathogen Elimination, Immunomodulation, and Organ Protection","display_name":"Combating the Bloodstream Infection Cascade: Sequential Therapeutic Nanomaterials for Pathogen Elimination, Immunomodulation, and Organ Protection","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225425019","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.6c12330"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1021/acsnano.6c12330","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.6c12330","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.6c12330","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S145476921","display_name":"ACS Nano","issn_l":"1936-0851","issn":["1936-0851","1936-086X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320006","host_organization_name":"American Chemical Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320006"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Chemical Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACS Nano","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053392666","display_name":"Xianda Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6688-9808","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6688-9808"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24185976","display_name":"Sichuan University","ror":"https://ror.org/011ashp19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xianda Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sichuan University , , ,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sichuan University , , ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015008232","display_name":"Ziyue Ling","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24185976","display_name":"Sichuan University","ror":"https://ror.org/011ashp19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ziyue Ling","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sichuan University , , ,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sichuan University , , ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5107953297","display_name":"Tao Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6897-5993","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6897-5993"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197323543","display_name":"Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz","ror":"https://ror.org/023b0x485","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197323543"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tao Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Mainz , , Duesbergweg 10-14 , ,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Mainz , , Duesbergweg 10-14 , ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197323543"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023745125","display_name":"Xin Song","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4017-9685","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4017-9685"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168719708","display_name":"City University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/03q8dnn23","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xin Song","raw_affiliation_strings":["City University of Hong Kong , , Kowloon Tong , , ,"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4017-9685","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"City University of Hong Kong , , Kowloon Tong , , ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101590660","display_name":"Ran Wei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0973-9237","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0973-9237"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24185976","display_name":"Sichuan University","ror":"https://ror.org/011ashp19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ran Wei","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sichuan University , , ,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sichuan University , , ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012377192","display_name":"Weifeng Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2689-0251","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2689-0251"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24185976","display_name":"Sichuan University","ror":"https://ror.org/011ashp19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Weifeng Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sichuan University , , ,"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2689-0251","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sichuan University , , ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069133334","display_name":"Changsheng Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4619-3499","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4619-3499"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24185976","display_name":"Sichuan University","ror":"https://ror.org/011ashp19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Changsheng Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sichuan University , , ,"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4619-3499","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sichuan University , , ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5012377192","https://openalex.org/A5101590660"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"],"apc_list":{"value":4500,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4500},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10063","display_name":"Nanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery","score":0.6977999806404114,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2502","display_name":"Biomaterials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10063","display_name":"Nanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery","score":0.6977999806404114,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2502","display_name":"Biomaterials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10079","display_name":"Nanoparticles: synthesis and applications","score":0.13979999721050262,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10218","display_name":"Sepsis Diagnosis and Treatment","score":0.041099999099969864,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2706","display_name":"Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bloodstream-infection","display_name":"bloodstream infection","score":0.9570000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sepsis","display_name":"sepsis","score":0.8560000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pathogen-removal","display_name":"pathogen removal","score":0.7590000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/immunomodulation","display_name":"immunomodulation","score":0.9850000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multiple-organ-failure","display_name":"multiple organ failure","score":0.8259999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stage-specific-treatment","display_name":"stage-specific treatment","score":0.6549999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antimicrobial-nanomaterials","display_name":"antimicrobial nanomaterials","score":0.8050000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/treatment-timing","display_name":"treatment timing","score":0.6520000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clinical-translation","display_name":"clinical translation","score":0.921999990940094}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780598303","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q65921492","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.6741999983787537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177713679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q679690","display_name":"Intensive care medicine","level":1,"score":0.5552999973297119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.5426999926567078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27415008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7256382","display_name":"Psychological intervention","level":2,"score":0.5241000056266785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776460866","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170065","display_name":"Pathogen","level":2,"score":0.47870001196861267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018946976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q650912","display_name":"Bloodstream infection","level":2,"score":0.42419999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.32919999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779974597","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28448986","display_name":"Clinical Practice","level":2,"score":0.30059999227523804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148482608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17007018","display_name":"Clinical study design","level":3,"score":0.29580000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C535046627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30612","display_name":"Clinical trial","level":2,"score":0.29510000348091125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.2854999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207886595","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1456138","display_name":"Pathological","level":2,"score":0.2786000072956085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4937899","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q68541106","display_name":"Antimicrobial","level":2,"score":0.2782000005245209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60644358","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128570","display_name":"Bioinformatics","level":1,"score":0.2619999945163727}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1021/acsnano.6c12330","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.6c12330","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.6c12330","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S145476921","display_name":"ACS Nano","issn_l":"1936-0851","issn":["1936-0851","1936-086X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320006","host_organization_name":"American Chemical Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320006"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Chemical Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACS Nano","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":1.0}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":371,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1549568102","https://openalex.org/W1553793487","https://openalex.org/W1573103899","https://openalex.org/W1594755745","https://openalex.org/W1854917621","https://openalex.org/W1878404532","https://openalex.org/W1915836761","https://openalex.org/W1965097716","https://openalex.org/W1966280414","https://openalex.org/W1966517739","https://openalex.org/W1967434989","https://openalex.org/W1968320351","https://openalex.org/W1969516914","https://openalex.org/W1970436894","https://openalex.org/W1974448472","https://openalex.org/W1976162742","https://openalex.org/W1976812054","https://openalex.org/W1979330439","https://openalex.org/W1983684960","https://openalex.org/W1993869378","https://openalex.org/W1996488304","https://openalex.org/W1997023449","https://openalex.org/W1998427452","https://openalex.org/W1999564888","https://openalex.org/W2001743525","https://openalex.org/W2002759037","https://openalex.org/W2003484929","https://openalex.org/W2004336750","https://openalex.org/W2005115308","https://openalex.org/W2011421787","https://openalex.org/W2014116269","https://openalex.org/W2016674375","https://openalex.org/W2021163996","https://openalex.org/W2023366123","https://openalex.org/W2023611610","https://openalex.org/W2034314696","https://openalex.org/W2035295886","https://openalex.org/W2037541009","https://openalex.org/W2038976751","https://openalex.org/W2040273584","https://openalex.org/W2041882486","https://openalex.org/W2042634738","https://openalex.org/W2048204476","https://openalex.org/W2050433487","https://openalex.org/W2053686371","https://openalex.org/W2057364247","https://openalex.org/W2059403792","https://openalex.org/W2063615838","https://openalex.org/W2067258543","https://openalex.org/W2069995085","https://openalex.org/W2078546046","https://openalex.org/W2082212858","https://openalex.org/W2082407778","https://openalex.org/W2084659308","https://openalex.org/W2086083704","https://openalex.org/W2087326902","https://openalex.org/W2088191325","https://openalex.org/W2088269939","https://openalex.org/W2090954511","https://openalex.org/W2097476575","https://openalex.org/W2103891374","https://openalex.org/W2108868210","https://openalex.org/W2109658497","https://openalex.org/W2113654075","https://openalex.org/W2113960157","https://openalex.org/W2114749317","https://openalex.org/W2114911507","https://openalex.org/W2115617484","https://openalex.org/W2116965731","https://openalex.org/W2119012416","https://openalex.org/W2121420099","https://openalex.org/W2122628753","https://openalex.org/W2124755314","https://openalex.org/W2125123295","https://openalex.org/W2143463421","https://openalex.org/W2144716650","https://openalex.org/W2149123553","https://openalex.org/W2149592972","https://openalex.org/W2152154097","https://openalex.org/W2157326323","https://openalex.org/W2166839888","https://openalex.org/W2170963650","https://openalex.org/W2177645608","https://openalex.org/W2192049920","https://openalex.org/W2195753589","https://openalex.org/W2230203535","https://openalex.org/W2272767623","https://openalex.org/W2282181907","https://openalex.org/W2284484961","https://openalex.org/W2292613448","https://openalex.org/W2296531152","https://openalex.org/W2296736194","https://openalex.org/W2300497538","https://openalex.org/W2313086788","https://openalex.org/W2313365551","https://openalex.org/W2318544624","https://openalex.org/W2336656712","https://openalex.org/W2351595000","https://openalex.org/W2355091049","https://openalex.org/W2411249163","https://openalex.org/W2415916782","https://openalex.org/W2462625731","https://openalex.org/W2475070203","https://openalex.org/W2483880837","https://openalex.org/W2530442099","https://openalex.org/W2553300030","https://openalex.org/W2556664795","https://openalex.org/W2560669180","https://openalex.org/W2567088630","https://openalex.org/W2599245417","https://openalex.org/W2625057882","https://openalex.org/W2731526669","https://openalex.org/W2743626270","https://openalex.org/W2744926357","https://openalex.org/W2753358702","https://openalex.org/W2774868879","https://openalex.org/W2783888699","https://openalex.org/W2802246237","https://openalex.org/W2802501803","https://openalex.org/W2803015713","https://openalex.org/W2806810357","https://openalex.org/W2808829764","https://openalex.org/W2809776129","https://openalex.org/W2872858259","https://openalex.org/W2895594057","https://openalex.org/W2896470465","https://openalex.org/W2896843732","https://openalex.org/W2899346807","https://openalex.org/W2900823108","https://openalex.org/W2902316878","https://openalex.org/W2905410849","https://openalex.org/W2905635461","https://openalex.org/W2908731477","https://openalex.org/W2915852744","https://openalex.org/W2917780715","https://openalex.org/W2918621261","https://openalex.org/W2928131335","https://openalex.org/W2928884384","https://openalex.org/W2938240229","https://openalex.org/W2939714203","https://openalex.org/W2940595256","https://openalex.org/W2942819726","https://openalex.org/W2944155224","https://openalex.org/W2945143211","https://openalex.org/W2946936766","https://openalex.org/W2947991270","https://openalex.org/W2952906166","https://openalex.org/W2955652692","https://openalex.org/W2955821132","https://openalex.org/W2960078955","https://openalex.org/W2964902986","https://openalex.org/W2965966350","https://openalex.org/W2966612446","https://openalex.org/W2969530102","https://openalex.org/W2969908486","https://openalex.org/W2979807405","https://openalex.org/W2984395468","https://openalex.org/W2988457676","https://openalex.org/W2991130979","https://openalex.org/W3003209420","https://openalex.org/W3005700774","https://openalex.org/W3008170328","https://openalex.org/W3011668159","https://openalex.org/W3012116029","https://openalex.org/W3022842142","https://openalex.org/W3038633501","https://openalex.org/W3042349579","https://openalex.org/W3088401881","https://openalex.org/W3092644167","https://openalex.org/W3093589316","https://openalex.org/W3108653009","https://openalex.org/W3113802789","https://openalex.org/W3123769741","https://openalex.org/W3126963576","https://openalex.org/W3127708192","https://openalex.org/W3128058618","https://openalex.org/W3129637707","https://openalex.org/W3135791115","https://openalex.org/W3143160762","https://openalex.org/W3160376219","https://openalex.org/W3164919078","https://openalex.org/W3168224479","https://openalex.org/W3168589640","https://openalex.org/W3170176129","https://openalex.org/W3170536526","https://openalex.org/W3173616168","https://openalex.org/W3177910327","https://openalex.org/W3178944516","https://openalex.org/W3185661542","https://openalex.org/W3185882133","https://openalex.org/W3195769285","https://openalex.org/W3207163166","https://openalex.org/W3207331436","https://openalex.org/W3210828635","https://openalex.org/W3217244291","https://openalex.org/W4200280972","https://openalex.org/W4200298271","https://openalex.org/W4200561001","https://openalex.org/W4206677002","https://openalex.org/W4210927047","https://openalex.org/W4220988426","https://openalex.org/W4221014762","https://openalex.org/W4221054606","https://openalex.org/W4221086068","https://openalex.org/W4221104462","https://openalex.org/W4225137755","https://openalex.org/W4225310476","https://openalex.org/W4234317413","https://openalex.org/W4238598813","https://openalex.org/W4242767044","https://openalex.org/W4242975800","https://openalex.org/W4280556428","https://openalex.org/W4280601954","https://openalex.org/W4280608750","https://openalex.org/W4281952138","https://openalex.org/W4282027072","https://openalex.org/W4283163871","https://openalex.org/W4283645756","https://openalex.org/W4283836755","https://openalex.org/W4285181250","https://openalex.org/W4285605324","https://openalex.org/W4289793150","https://openalex.org/W4290652138","https://openalex.org/W4293242219","https://openalex.org/W4294355667","https://openalex.org/W4294897985","https://openalex.org/W4296167837","https://openalex.org/W4297792401","https://openalex.org/W4308072144","https://openalex.org/W4308164246","https://openalex.org/W4309288341","https://openalex.org/W4310461874","https://openalex.org/W4311473779","https://openalex.org/W4313214980","https://openalex.org/W4313489209","https://openalex.org/W4313523855","https://openalex.org/W4313649467","https://openalex.org/W4318617878","https://openalex.org/W4319346644","https://openalex.org/W4322764693","https://openalex.org/W4323545644","https://openalex.org/W4323660387","https://openalex.org/W4324020378","https://openalex.org/W4360849792","https://openalex.org/W4362561278","https://openalex.org/W4367180472","https://openalex.org/W4376598397","https://openalex.org/W4377043982","https://openalex.org/W4378648250","https://openalex.org/W4379877891","https://openalex.org/W4383215308","https://openalex.org/W4383709904","https://openalex.org/W4385322524","https://openalex.org/W4385330390","https://openalex.org/W4385898182","https://openalex.org/W4386170591","https://openalex.org/W4386987426","https://openalex.org/W4387876704","https://openalex.org/W4388571962","https://openalex.org/W4388856940","https://openalex.org/W4389166615","https://openalex.org/W4389935431","https://openalex.org/W4390349775","https://openalex.org/W4390596857","https://openalex.org/W4390636771","https://openalex.org/W4391023068","https://openalex.org/W4391608152","https://openalex.org/W4391925303","https://openalex.org/W4391966087","https://openalex.org/W4392080931","https://openalex.org/W4392348704","https://openalex.org/W4392740526","https://openalex.org/W4392853384","https://openalex.org/W4394913178","https://openalex.org/W4396515434","https://openalex.org/W4396586423","https://openalex.org/W4396621965","https://openalex.org/W4396652498","https://openalex.org/W4399361152","https://openalex.org/W4399557318","https://openalex.org/W4399885951","https://openalex.org/W4400428208","https://openalex.org/W4400466546","https://openalex.org/W4400667578","https://openalex.org/W4401621672","https://openalex.org/W4401733777","https://openalex.org/W4401800303","https://openalex.org/W4402193768","https://openalex.org/W4402428739","https://openalex.org/W4402481425","https://openalex.org/W4402533125","https://openalex.org/W4402618666","https://openalex.org/W4402694619","https://openalex.org/W4402828976","https://openalex.org/W4402900522","https://openalex.org/W4403481547","https://openalex.org/W4403848129","https://openalex.org/W4404238024","https://openalex.org/W4404278759","https://openalex.org/W4404319743","https://openalex.org/W4404403469","https://openalex.org/W4405172006","https://openalex.org/W4406188023","https://openalex.org/W4406721665","https://openalex.org/W4406809107","https://openalex.org/W4407061055","https://openalex.org/W4407272485","https://openalex.org/W4408129607","https://openalex.org/W4408629107","https://openalex.org/W4409088377","https://openalex.org/W4409187116","https://openalex.org/W4409229365","https://openalex.org/W4409625775","https://openalex.org/W4410188469","https://openalex.org/W4410421531","https://openalex.org/W4410587209","https://openalex.org/W4410622833","https://openalex.org/W4410891989","https://openalex.org/W4411179835","https://openalex.org/W4411358359","https://openalex.org/W4411575364","https://openalex.org/W4411670809","https://openalex.org/W4411713120","https://openalex.org/W4411778280","https://openalex.org/W4412672649","https://openalex.org/W4412845110","https://openalex.org/W4412990449","https://openalex.org/W4413086479","https://openalex.org/W4413102407","https://openalex.org/W4413117900","https://openalex.org/W4413143434","https://openalex.org/W4413274158","https://openalex.org/W4413296347","https://openalex.org/W4413754949","https://openalex.org/W4413885916","https://openalex.org/W4414489247","https://openalex.org/W4414567379","https://openalex.org/W4414963730","https://openalex.org/W4415098477","https://openalex.org/W4415118405","https://openalex.org/W4415472364","https://openalex.org/W4415523142","https://openalex.org/W4415541565","https://openalex.org/W4415566406","https://openalex.org/W4415981859","https://openalex.org/W4416094189","https://openalex.org/W4416623319","https://openalex.org/W4416674354","https://openalex.org/W4416674551","https://openalex.org/W4416675773","https://openalex.org/W4416757797","https://openalex.org/W4416959479","https://openalex.org/W4417013889","https://openalex.org/W4417503545","https://openalex.org/W7116796239","https://openalex.org/W7117151775","https://openalex.org/W7118178009","https://openalex.org/W7124448472","https://openalex.org/W7127282831","https://openalex.org/W7131628305","https://openalex.org/W7133357233","https://openalex.org/W7134246724","https://openalex.org/W7140087835","https://openalex.org/W7147633253","https://openalex.org/W7151452538","https://openalex.org/W7154960029","https://openalex.org/W7163081371","https://openalex.org/W7164685913","https://openalex.org/W7166432180","https://openalex.org/W7168166230","https://openalex.org/W7202030331"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4416093780","https://openalex.org/W3164919078","https://openalex.org/W7147633253","https://openalex.org/W7162301052","https://openalex.org/W6888000203","https://openalex.org/W4412068603","https://openalex.org/W4394859641","https://openalex.org/W3214196785","https://openalex.org/W4404492746","https://openalex.org/W4405988668"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Bloodstream":[1],"infections":[2],"(BSIs)":[3],"are":[4,33,125],"life-threatening":[5],"systemic":[6],"syndromes":[7],"with":[8],"a":[9,15,62],"high":[10,38],"mortality":[11,42],"rate,":[12],"characterized":[13],"by":[14],"highly":[16,63],"sequential":[17],"pathophysiological":[18,80],"progression.":[19],"Although":[20],"early":[21],"antimicrobial":[22],"and":[23,71,128,149,152,159],"anti-inflammatory":[24],"treatments":[25],"have":[26,59],"improved":[27],"short-term":[28],"survival":[29],"rates,":[30],"single-stage":[31],"interventions":[32,53],"insufficient":[34],"to":[35,54,67,92],"reverse":[36],"the":[37,47,79,88,93,100,103,109,113,131,134,143],"risk":[39],"of":[40,82,105,111,145],"long-term":[41],"among":[43],"survivors.":[44],"To":[45],"address":[46],"urgent":[48],"clinical":[49,150],"need":[50],"for":[51,102,121,162],"stage-specific":[52],"improve":[55],"patient":[56],"outcomes,":[57],"nanomaterials":[58,137,163],"emerged":[60],"as":[61,99,142],"promising":[64],"platform":[65],"due":[66],"their":[68],"design":[69,104,157],"flexibility":[70],"intelligent":[72],"microenvironmental":[73],"responsiveness.":[74],"This":[75],"Review":[76],"first":[77],"outlines":[78],"characteristics":[81],"BSIs":[83],"at":[84],"each":[85],"stage,":[86],"from":[87],"initial":[89],"pathogen":[90],"invasion":[91],"final":[94],"multiple-organ":[95],"dysfunction,":[96],"which":[97],"serves":[98],"basis":[101],"nanomaterials.":[106],"Then,":[107],"following":[108],"progression":[110],"BSIs,":[112],"representative":[114],"nanotherapeutic":[115],"strategies":[116,158],"developed":[117],"in":[118,138,164],"recent":[119],"years":[120],"different":[122],"pathological":[123],"stages":[124],"systematically":[126],"categorized":[127],"discussed.":[129],"Finally,":[130],"review":[132],"discusses":[133],"challenges":[135],"confronting":[136],"BSI":[139,165],"management,":[140],"such":[141],"selection":[144],"optimal":[146],"treatment":[147],"timing":[148],"translation,":[151],"provides":[153],"future":[154],"perspectives":[155],"on":[156],"developmental":[160],"directions":[161],"treatment.":[166]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-08T12:12:28.789561","created_date":"2026-11-07T00:00:00"}
