{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225419482","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24014263","title":"Exploring the Viability of Merkle Tree Certificates for Private PKIs","display_name":"Exploring the Viability of Merkle Tree Certificates for Private PKIs","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225419482","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24014263"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.24014263","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24014263","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24014263","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24014263","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063831901","display_name":"Iy\u00e1n M\u00e9ndez Veiga","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-8249-4661","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0004-8249-4661"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I81007117","display_name":"Lucerne University of Applied Sciences and Arts","ror":"https://ror.org/04nd0xd48","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I81007117"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"M\u00e9ndez Veiga, Iy\u00e1n","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hochschule Luzern"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hochschule Luzern","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I81007117"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5063831901"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I81007117"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.7817000150680542,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.7817000150680542,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11504","display_name":"Advanced Authentication Protocols Security","score":0.121799997985363,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11693","display_name":"Cryptography and Residue Arithmetic","score":0.02319999970495701,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/post-quantum-cryptography","display_name":"post-quantum cryptography","score":0.9490000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tls-handshake","display_name":"TLS handshake","score":0.7509999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/certificate-authority","display_name":"certificate authority","score":0.7129999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ml-dsa","display_name":"ML-DSA","score":0.777999997138977}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72648740","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q658476","display_name":"Public key infrastructure","level":4,"score":0.7883999943733215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7008000016212463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205383636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14746","display_name":"Merkle tree","level":4,"score":0.699999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203062551","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201339","display_name":"Public-key cryptography","level":3,"score":0.6632999777793884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.6187000274658203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167529545","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q274758","display_name":"Public key certificate","level":4,"score":0.583299994468689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96865113","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2946816","display_name":"Certificate","level":2,"score":0.4332999885082245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.42669999599456787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.388700008392334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.3882000148296356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93636275","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q196776","display_name":"Certificate authority","level":4,"score":0.3779999911785126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113174947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2859736","display_name":"Tree (set theory)","level":2,"score":0.36329999566078186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118463975","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220849","display_name":"Digital signature","level":3,"score":0.3458999991416931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.3012000024318695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175093008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q758251","display_name":"Authorization certificate","level":5,"score":0.29910001158714294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148417208","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4825882","display_name":"Authentication (law)","level":2,"score":0.2955999970436096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118643609","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189210","display_name":"Web application","level":2,"score":0.2745000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115537543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165596","display_name":"Cache","level":2,"score":0.2605000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.2515000104904175}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.24014263","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24014263","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24014263","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.24014264","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24014264","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24014264","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.24014263","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24014263","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24014263","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7151599237","https://openalex.org/W7203892962","https://openalex.org/W7164004618","https://openalex.org/W3200613697","https://openalex.org/W7164677776","https://openalex.org/W7127602264","https://openalex.org/W7203863986","https://openalex.org/W4403937878","https://openalex.org/W7058170899","https://openalex.org/W3199898834"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Merkle":[0,103,141,204],"Tree":[1,104,142,205],"Certificates":[2,105,143,206],"are":[3,100],"one":[4,168],"of":[5,45,197,202],"the":[6,12,30,43,57,63,130,136,160,173,190,198],"most":[7],"promising":[8],"solutions":[9],"to":[10,17,54,79,89,121,189,209,213],"migrate":[11],"web":[13,73,86],"public":[14,38,138,152,178],"key":[15,139,153,179],"infrastructure":[16,180],"post-quantum":[18,210],"cryptography":[19,211],"by":[20,33,40,125,127],"2030":[21],"without":[22],"introducing":[23],"prohibitive":[24],"performance":[25],"penalities.":[26],"This":[27],"solution":[28],"avoids":[29],"latency":[31],"introduced":[32],"huge":[34],"quantum-resistant":[35],"signatures":[36,47,219],"and":[37,72,85,92,98,110,167,194,200],"keys":[39],"cleverly":[41],"reducing":[42],"number":[44],"required":[46],"in":[48,118],"a":[49,146,163],"TLS":[50],"handshake":[51],"from":[52],"five":[53],"one,":[55],"with":[56,184,220],"so-called":[58],"(signatureless)":[59],"landmark-relative":[60],"certificates.":[61],"Removing":[62],"certificate":[64,70,76],"chain":[65],"introduces":[66],"additional":[67],"requirements":[68],"for":[69,150],"authorities":[71,77],"browsers.":[74],"E.g.,":[75],"need":[78,88],"maintain":[80],"an":[81,107],"internal":[82],"issuance":[83],"log":[84],"browsers":[87],"periodically":[90],"fetch":[91],"cache":[93],"landmark":[94],"subtree":[95],"hashes.":[96],"Google":[97],"Cloudflare":[99],"currently":[101],"evaluating":[102],"on":[106,135,170],"Internet-scale":[108],"experiment,":[109],"they":[111],"both":[112],"have":[113],"publicly":[114],"announced":[115],"their":[116],"interest":[117],"this":[119,156,185],"approach":[120,187],"be":[122,145],"fully":[123],"quantum-safe":[124],"default":[126],"2029.":[128],"Although":[129],"IETF":[131],"working":[132],"group":[133],"focuses":[134],"Internet":[137],"infrastructure,":[140],"might":[144],"compelling":[147],"option":[148],"also":[149],"private":[151,177],"infrastructures.":[154],"In":[155],"poster,":[157],"we":[158],"detail":[159],"differences":[161],"between":[162],"traditional":[164,218],"Web":[165,192],"PKI":[166],"based":[169],"MTCs,":[171],"identify":[172],"pain":[174],"points":[175],"that":[176],"operators":[181],"will":[182],"face":[183],"novel":[186],"compared":[188,212],"current":[191],"PKI,":[193],"discuss":[195],"some":[196],"advantages":[199],"disadvantages":[201],"using":[203],"when":[207],"migrating":[208],"e.g.,":[214],"simply":[215],"replacing":[216],"all":[217],"ML-DSA":[221]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-08T12:12:28.789561","created_date":"2026-11-07T00:00:00"}
