{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225419388","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24021687","title":"On the Lepton Mass Spectrum as Radial Breathing Modes of an Extended Dirac-Type Electron","display_name":"On the Lepton Mass Spectrum as Radial Breathing Modes of an Extended Dirac-Type Electron","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225419388","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24021687"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.24021687","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24021687","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24021687","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24021687","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047320676","display_name":"Manuel Hern\u00e1ndez Rosales","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2905-7444","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2905-7444"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8961855","display_name":"Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico","ror":"https://ror.org/01tmp8f25","country_code":"MX","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8961855"]}],"countries":["MX"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hernandez Rosales, Manuel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2905-7444","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8961855"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5047320676"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8961855"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10048","display_name":"Particle physics theoretical and experimental studies","score":0.8955000042915344,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3106","display_name":"Nuclear and High Energy Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10048","display_name":"Particle physics theoretical and experimental studies","score":0.8955000042915344,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3106","display_name":"Nuclear and High Energy Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12516","display_name":"Advanced Mathematical Theories and Applications","score":0.053199999034404755,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11683","display_name":"Quantum and Classical Electrodynamics","score":0.015799999237060547,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lepton-mass-hierarchy","display_name":"lepton mass hierarchy","score":0.8769999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/charged-lepton-masses","display_name":"charged lepton masses","score":0.8090000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radial-breathing-mode","display_name":"radial breathing mode","score":0.8769999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrostatic-repulsion","display_name":"electrostatic repulsion","score":0.48500001430511475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hydrostatic-equilibrium","display_name":"hydrostatic equilibrium","score":0.7419999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/muon-mass","display_name":"muon mass","score":0.8199999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tau-lepton-mass","display_name":"tau lepton mass","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/invisible-z-decays","display_name":"invisible Z decays","score":0.6179999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classical-electron-radius","display_name":"classical electron radius","score":0.7580000162124634}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.888700008392334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88030215","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q907306","display_name":"WKB approximation","level":2,"score":0.6947000026702881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C535169671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17080006","display_name":"Semiclassical physics","level":3,"score":0.5264999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179203047","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82586","display_name":"Lepton","level":3,"score":0.5218999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181500209","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q215328","display_name":"Excited state","level":2,"score":0.5058000087738037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147120987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2225","display_name":"Electron","level":2,"score":0.5005000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205334942","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3151","display_name":"Muon","level":2,"score":0.45910000801086426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178635117","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q747499","display_name":"RADIUS","level":2,"score":0.448199987411499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54937798","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2024141","display_name":"Massless particle","level":2,"score":0.4390999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3079626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q234881","display_name":"Quantum electrodynamics","level":1,"score":0.42489999532699585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151987854","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1097654","display_name":"Invariant mass","level":2,"score":0.4041999876499176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.4007999897003174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151195881","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1153833","display_name":"Yukawa potential","level":2,"score":0.3779999911785126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102999125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43116","display_name":"Elementary particle","level":2,"score":0.3391000032424927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781089630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21856745","display_name":"Realization (probability)","level":2,"score":0.32019999623298645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184779094","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26383","display_name":"Atomic physics","level":1,"score":0.3021000027656555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115047598","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q54505","display_name":"Quantum field theory","level":2,"score":0.2890999913215637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C156778621","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1365748","display_name":"Spectrum (functional analysis)","level":2,"score":0.289000004529953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84114770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46344","display_name":"Quantum","level":2,"score":0.28839999437332153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151201525","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177239","display_name":"Limit (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.2809000015258789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12287442","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105902","display_name":"Luminosity","level":3,"score":0.2727999985218048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185544564","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81197","display_name":"Nuclear physics","level":1,"score":0.2718000113964081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40325409","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2360668","display_name":"Mass spectrum","level":3,"score":0.2621999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109214941","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18334","display_name":"Particle physics","level":1,"score":0.25760000944137573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14591024","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7778426","display_name":"Particle decay","level":3,"score":0.2574999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125112378","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176640","display_name":"Randomness","level":2,"score":0.25699999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158693339","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190524","display_name":"Eigenvalues and eigenvectors","level":2,"score":0.25459998846054077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188232333","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2406056","display_name":"Mass ratio","level":2,"score":0.25429999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.25200000405311584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35048267","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q587553","display_name":"Charged particle","level":3,"score":0.25099998712539673}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.24021687","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24021687","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24021687","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.24021688","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24021688","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24021688","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.24021687","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24021687","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24021687","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7225376822","https://openalex.org/W7154618961","https://openalex.org/W2555420363","https://openalex.org/W7225405507","https://openalex.org/W7106248544","https://openalex.org/W6968278255","https://openalex.org/W7114920430","https://openalex.org/W7154256136","https://openalex.org/W7118256783","https://openalex.org/W2090522899"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"the":[1,7,11,56,75,82,85,103,117,122,134,145,151,157,166,181,189,193,196,233],"Standard":[2],"Model":[3],"of":[4,37,51,58,192,246],"particle":[5],"physics,":[6],"pronounced":[8],"mass":[9,138,154,168,249],"hierarchyamong":[10],"three":[12],"charged":[13],"lepton":[14],"generations":[15],"(e;":[16],";":[17],")":[18,172,252],"is":[19,88,116,211],"accommodated":[20],"viaarbitrary":[21],"empirical":[22,248],"Yukawa":[23],"couplings":[24],"without":[25],"an":[26,52,94],"underlying":[27],"dynamical":[28,244],"explanation.In":[29],"this":[30],"work,":[31],"we":[32,64],"provide":[33],"a":[34,66,260,264],"quantitative":[35],"realization":[36],"Paul":[38],"Dirac\u2019s1962":[39],"conjecture,":[40],"which":[41],"posited":[42],"that":[43,268],"heavy":[44],"leptons":[45],"correspond":[46],"to":[47],"excited":[48,207],"radialbreathing":[49],"modes":[50],"extended":[53],"electron.":[54],"Overcoming":[55],"mechanicalshortcomings":[57],"Dirac\u2019s":[59],"original":[60],"hollow":[61],"membrane":[62],"model,":[63],"formulate":[65],"continuous,non-singular":[67],"field":[68,271],"configuration":[69],"inspired":[70],"by":[71,93,188],"Mie\u2019s":[72],"non-linear":[73,127],"electrodynamics,where":[74],"potential":[76],"(r)":[77],"=":[78,109,110,114,148,162,185,209,239,255],"\udbc0\udc00(e=)":[79],"exp(\udbc0\udc00=r)":[80],"eliminates":[81],"ultravioletdivergence":[83],"at":[84,107,199,213],"origin":[86],"and":[87,180,230],"locally":[89],"stabilized":[90],"against":[91],"Coulombrepulsion":[92],"exact":[95],"internal":[96],"Poincar\u00e9-type":[97],"cohesive":[98],"field.":[99],"Hydrostatic":[100],"equilibriumstrictly":[101],"fixes":[102],"absolute":[104],"ground-state":[105],"radius":[106],"r0":[108],"ln":[111],"2,":[112],"where":[113],"~=(mec)":[115],"classical":[118],"electron":[119,152],"radius.By":[120],"quantizing":[121],"radial":[123],"volume":[124],"pulsations":[125],"via":[126],"recurrence":[128],"relationsand":[129],"semiclassical":[130],"phase-space":[131],"WKB":[132],"techniques,":[133],"system":[135],"yields":[136,165],"adiscrete":[137],"eigenvalue":[139],"spectrum":[140],"with":[141,177,232],"zero":[142],"free":[143],"parameters:":[144],"groundstate":[146],"(N":[147,161,184,238],"0)":[149],"defines":[150],"rest":[153],"(0:511":[155],"MeV);":[156],"first":[158],"excitedbreathing":[159],"mode":[160,183],"1)":[163],"analytically":[164],"muon":[167],"m":[169],"me(1+":[170],"32":[171],"105:55":[173],"MeV":[174,201,258],"(99:9%":[175],"agreement":[176],"experimental":[178],"data);":[179],"second":[182],"2),":[186],"regulated":[187],"asymptotic":[190],"flattening":[191],"well,":[194],"sets":[195],"tau":[197],"leptonmass":[198],"1777:3":[200],"(99:97%":[202],"agreement).":[203],"A":[204],"candidate":[205],"third":[206],"mode(N":[208],"3)":[210],"predicted":[212],"29:6":[214],"GeV,":[215],"whose":[216],"ultra-short":[217],"lifetime":[218],"(":[219],"10\udbc0\udc0026":[220],"s)":[221],"andcontinuum":[222],"dissolution":[223],"explain":[224],"its":[225],"absence":[226],"in":[227],"tracking":[228],"detectors":[229],"reconcileit":[231],"LEP":[234],"invisible":[235],"Z-width":[236],"constraint":[237],"3).":[240],"This":[241],"framework":[242],"providesa":[243],"derivation":[245],"Nambu\u2019s":[247],"quantum":[250],"(me=2":[251],"andidentifies":[253],"E0":[254],"mec2=":[256],"70:03":[257],"as":[259],"fundamental":[261],"mass-generating":[262],"scale,presenting":[263],"causal,":[265],"non-perturbative":[266],"foundation":[267],"complements":[269],"standardquantum":[270],"theory.":[272]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-08T12:12:28.789561","created_date":"2026-11-07T00:00:00"}