{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225418540","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24018956","title":"G-Shield\u2122: Low-Temperature Mechanochemical and Solvothermal Graphene-Encapsulated Copper (Cu@G) Paste for 100% Silver-Free Metallization of High-Efficiency Silicon Heterojunction and TOPCon Photovoltaics","display_name":"G-Shield\u2122: Low-Temperature Mechanochemical and Solvothermal Graphene-Encapsulated Copper (Cu@G) Paste for 100% Silver-Free Metallization of High-Efficiency Silicon Heterojunction and TOPCon Photovoltaics","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225418540","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24018956"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.24018956","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24018956","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24018956","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24018956","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161114625","display_name":"Antigravity Advanced Materials Laboratory","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Antigravity Advanced Materials Laboratory","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Applied Surface Science and Sustainable Metallization"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Applied Surface Science and Sustainable Metallization","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5161114625"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10624","display_name":"Silicon and Solar Cell Technologies","score":0.9657999873161316,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10624","display_name":"Silicon and Solar Cell Technologies","score":0.9657999873161316,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11523","display_name":"Nanomaterials and Printing Technologies","score":0.009600000455975533,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10623","display_name":"Thin-Film Transistor Technologies","score":0.007199999876320362,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graphene-shell","display_name":"graphene shell","score":0.7419999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/silicon-heterojunction-solar-cells","display_name":"silicon heterojunction solar cells","score":0.7770000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/topcon-solar-cells","display_name":"TOPCon solar cells","score":0.9810000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/solvothermal-synthesis","display_name":"solvothermal synthesis","score":0.9879999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/copper-diffusion-barrier","display_name":"copper diffusion barrier","score":0.824999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/screen-printing","display_name":"screen printing","score":0.5429999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/solar-cell-manufacturing-cost","display_name":"solar cell manufacturing cost","score":0.7440000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/techno-economic-analysis","display_name":"techno-economic analysis","score":0.49300000071525574}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C544778455","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q753","display_name":"Copper","level":2,"score":0.7871999740600586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.7825000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C542589376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192127","display_name":"Photovoltaics","level":3,"score":0.6632999777793884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778171408","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1196612","display_name":"Copper sulfide","level":3,"score":0.5121999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779227376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6505497","display_name":"Layer (electronics)","level":2,"score":0.510699987411499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780824857","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q58803","display_name":"Solar cell","level":2,"score":0.49709999561309814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41291067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1897785","display_name":"Photovoltaic system","level":2,"score":0.46799999475479126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79794668","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1616270","display_name":"Heterojunction","level":2,"score":0.462799996137619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C544956773","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q670","display_name":"Silicon","level":2,"score":0.4262999892234802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191897082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11467","display_name":"Metallurgy","level":1,"score":0.42410001158714294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779667780","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18206302","display_name":"Crystalline silicon","level":3,"score":0.4180999994277954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781183027","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106920642","display_name":"Copper oxide","level":3,"score":0.37630000710487366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778836790","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5275435","display_name":"Diffusion barrier","level":3,"score":0.3741999864578247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779851234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50690","display_name":"Oxide","level":2,"score":0.3569999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191716631","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31887","display_name":"Copper indium gallium selenide solar cells","level":3,"score":0.34689998626708984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778162197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5457079","display_name":"Flake","level":2,"score":0.3465000092983246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171250308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468","display_name":"Nanotechnology","level":1,"score":0.3400000035762787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.3375999927520752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104779481","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50707","display_name":"Composite number","level":2,"score":0.28369998931884766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138631740","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q967847","display_name":"Nanomaterials","level":2,"score":0.27630001306533813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66187686","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1472888","display_name":"Polymer solar cell","level":3,"score":0.26809999346733093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207740977","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q234072","display_name":"Current density","level":2,"score":0.2680000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C525849907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096","display_name":"Tin","level":2,"score":0.26750001311302185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42360764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83588","display_name":"Chemical engineering","level":1,"score":0.2603999972343445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780924660","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205123","display_name":"Tin oxide","level":3,"score":0.25940001010894775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C69357855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q163214","display_name":"Diffusion","level":2,"score":0.2500999867916107}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.24018956","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24018956","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24018956","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.24018957","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24018957","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24018957","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.24018956","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24018956","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24018956","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.571399986743927,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7104377456","https://openalex.org/W7124994033","https://openalex.org/W4392798610","https://openalex.org/W4414001175","https://openalex.org/W2518688136","https://openalex.org/W7139940923","https://openalex.org/W4390189218","https://openalex.org/W3130958783","https://openalex.org/W4307288368","https://openalex.org/W4409305880"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"G-Shield\u2122":[0,42],"is":[1],"a":[2,31,88,92,105],"drop-in":[3],"industrial":[4],"photovoltaic":[5],"metallization":[6],"technology":[7],"that":[8],"substitutes":[9],"100%":[10],"of":[11,95],"silver":[12],"(Ag)":[13],"with":[14],"commercial-grade":[15],"sub-micron":[16],"copper":[17,44,60],"micro-flakes":[18],"passivated":[19],"by":[20],"an":[21,54],"atomically":[22],"continuous":[23],"2\u20133":[24],"layer":[25],"pristine":[26],"graphene":[27],"shell.":[28],"Synthesized":[29],"via":[30],"non-vacuum":[32],"Low-Temperature":[33],"Mechano-Chemical":[34],"and":[35,52,87],"Solvothermal":[36],"(LT-MCS)":[37],"route":[38],"operating":[39],"below":[40],"180\u00b0C,":[41],"prevents":[43],"oxidation":[45],"up":[46],"to":[47],"380\u00b0C":[48],"in":[49,101],"ambient":[50],"air":[51],"establishes":[53],"impenetrable":[55],"steric":[56],"barrier":[57],"against":[58],"deep-level":[59],"diffusion":[61],"into":[62],"crystalline":[63],"silicon.":[64],"This":[65],"preprint":[66],"provides":[67],"full":[68],"physicochemical":[69],"characterization,":[70],"rheological":[71],"screen-printing":[72],"validation,":[73],"M10":[74],"HJT":[75],"cell":[76,109],"electrical":[77],"parameters":[78],"(25.04%":[79],"efficiency),":[80],"IEC":[81],"61215":[82],"1,000h":[83],"Damp":[84],"Heat":[85],"reliability,":[86],"techno-economic":[89],"analysis":[90],"demonstrating":[91],"manufacturing":[93],"cost":[94],"$23.30/kg,":[96],"delivering":[97],"over":[98],"$64.6":[99],"million":[100],"annual":[102],"savings":[103],"for":[104],"5":[106],"GW":[107],"solar":[108],"factory.":[110]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-08T12:12:28.789561","created_date":"2026-11-07T00:00:00"}
