{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225418382","doi":"https://doi.org/10.46687/jsar.v31i1.512","title":"HYBRID SPARE-PARTS LOGISTICS IN ENGINEERING SYSTEMS: A 3S MODEL FOR STORE, SOURCE, OR SYNTHESIZE DECISIONS","display_name":"HYBRID SPARE-PARTS LOGISTICS IN ENGINEERING SYSTEMS: A 3S MODEL FOR STORE, SOURCE, OR SYNTHESIZE DECISIONS","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225418382","doi":"https://doi.org/10.46687/jsar.v31i1.512"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.46687/jsar.v31i1.512","doi":"https://doi.org/10.46687/jsar.v31i1.512","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.46687/jsar.v31i1.512","pdf_url":"https://jsar.ftn.shu.bg/index.php/jsar/article/download/512/509/2018","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4387287558","display_name":"Journal Scientific and Applied Research","issn_l":"1314-6289","issn":["1314-6289","2815-4622"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal Scientific and Applied Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://jsar.ftn.shu.bg/index.php/jsar/article/download/512/509/2018","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050505292","display_name":"Yordanka Yankova-Yordanova","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39995536","display_name":"Shumen University","ror":"https://ror.org/03yht3k11","country_code":"BG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39995536"]}],"countries":["BG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yordanka Yankova-Yordanova","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Engineering Logistics, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Konstantin Preslavsky University of Shumen, Shumen 9712, 115 Universitetska St., e-mail: j.jordanova@shu.bg"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Engineering Logistics, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Konstantin Preslavsky University of Shumen, Shumen 9712, 115 Universitetska St., e-mail: j.jordanova@shu.bg","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39995536"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5124293769","display_name":"Nikolay Yordanov","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39995536","display_name":"Shumen University","ror":"https://ror.org/03yht3k11","country_code":"BG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39995536"]}],"countries":["BG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nikolay Yordanov","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Engineering Logistics, Konstantin Preslavsky University of Shumen, Shumen 9712, 115 Universitetska St., e-mail: n.yordanov@shu.bg"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Engineering Logistics, Konstantin Preslavsky University of Shumen, Shumen 9712, 115 Universitetska St., e-mail: n.yordanov@shu.bg","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39995536"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39995536"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"31","issue":"1","first_page":"141","last_page":"144"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10328","display_name":"Supply Chain and Inventory Management","score":0.8827999830245972,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10328","display_name":"Supply Chain and Inventory Management","score":0.8827999830245972,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10783","display_name":"Additive Manufacturing and 3D Printing Technologies","score":0.04089999943971634,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10539","display_name":"Sustainable Supply Chain Management","score":0.035599999129772186,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spare-parts-logistics","display_name":"spare parts logistics","score":0.9240000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spare-parts-availability","display_name":"spare parts availability","score":0.6039999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/additive-manufacturing","display_name":"additive manufacturing","score":0.9380000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/3d-printing","display_name":"3D printing","score":0.9810000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spare-parts-inventory","display_name":"spare parts inventory","score":0.6880000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/supply-chain-decision-support","display_name":"supply chain decision support","score":0.6430000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/component-criticality","display_name":"component criticality","score":0.7070000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/supply-lead-time","display_name":"supply lead time","score":0.7120000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/downtime-cost","display_name":"downtime cost","score":0.6430000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering-systems","display_name":"engineering systems","score":0.42899999022483826}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30795975","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282744","display_name":"Obsolescence","level":2,"score":0.7620000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108713360","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1824206","display_name":"Supply chain","level":2,"score":0.7293000221252441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779056723","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q329717","display_name":"Warranty","level":2,"score":0.7170000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180591934","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1253369","display_name":"Downtime","level":2,"score":0.713100016117096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194648553","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1364774","display_name":"Spare part","level":2,"score":0.6488999724388123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776543023","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2147046","display_name":"Rework","level":2,"score":0.5687000155448914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.4959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.4733000099658966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4551999866962433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35280785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q559486","display_name":"System lifecycle","level":4,"score":0.4449000060558319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781468064","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1267117","display_name":"Lead time","level":2,"score":0.43320000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779466795","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q337690","display_name":"Postponement","level":2,"score":0.4106000065803528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192639820","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1114469","display_name":"Supply chain risk management","level":5,"score":0.3684999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780505938","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17093282","display_name":"Unavailability","level":2,"score":0.33079999685287476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778348673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q739302","display_name":"Production (economics)","level":2,"score":0.33059999346733093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46934059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q61515","display_name":"Outsourcing","level":2,"score":0.329800009727478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44104985","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q492886","display_name":"Supply chain management","level":3,"score":0.3287999927997589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42475967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194292","display_name":"Operations research","level":1,"score":0.3269999921321869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117671659","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11049265","display_name":"Manufacturing engineering","level":1,"score":0.3095000088214874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59594135","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5249242","display_name":"Decision model","level":2,"score":0.2937000095844269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.2897999882698059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.28610000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168167062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1117970","display_name":"Component (thermodynamics)","level":2,"score":0.2775000035762787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13606891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2623243","display_name":"Conceptual model","level":2,"score":0.26840001344680786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175700187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187939","display_name":"Manufacturing","level":2,"score":0.2676999866962433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24373527","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q252073","display_name":"Inventory theory","level":3,"score":0.26649999618530273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107327155","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q330268","display_name":"Decision support system","level":2,"score":0.26579999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45296417","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1063793","display_name":"Integrated logistics support","level":2,"score":0.26190000772476196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200601418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2193887","display_name":"Reliability engineering","level":1,"score":0.2574999928474426}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.46687/jsar.v31i1.512","doi":"https://doi.org/10.46687/jsar.v31i1.512","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.46687/jsar.v31i1.512","pdf_url":"https://jsar.ftn.shu.bg/index.php/jsar/article/download/512/509/2018","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4387287558","display_name":"Journal Scientific and Applied Research","issn_l":"1314-6289","issn":["1314-6289","2815-4622"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal Scientific and Applied Research","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.46687/jsar.v31i1.512","doi":"https://doi.org/10.46687/jsar.v31i1.512","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.46687/jsar.v31i1.512","pdf_url":"https://jsar.ftn.shu.bg/index.php/jsar/article/download/512/509/2018","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4387287558","display_name":"Journal Scientific and Applied Research","issn_l":"1314-6289","issn":["1314-6289","2815-4622"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal Scientific and Applied Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Responsible consumption and production","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/12","score":0.7811999917030334},{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.7207000255584717}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7225418382.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7225418382.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":7,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1972102832","https://openalex.org/W2548343078","https://openalex.org/W2579921723","https://openalex.org/W4224290856","https://openalex.org/W4308156223","https://openalex.org/W4312759709","https://openalex.org/W4382138972"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2272535880","https://openalex.org/W3110101970","https://openalex.org/W4313166336","https://openalex.org/W4226197107","https://openalex.org/W4386713959","https://openalex.org/W7053108024","https://openalex.org/W4308156223","https://openalex.org/W2786708175","https://openalex.org/W2903402321","https://openalex.org/W4312809923"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Spare-parts":[0],"availability":[1],"is":[2,135],"a":[3,41,60,69,120,126],"critical":[4],"condition":[5],"for":[6,129,137],"technical":[7],"continuity":[8],"in":[9,68,111],"production,":[10],"transport":[11],"and":[12,29,93,97,100,115,140],"other":[13],"engineering":[14],"systems.":[15],"Traditional":[16],"inventory":[17],"strategies":[18],"provide":[19],"rapid":[20],"response":[21],"but":[22],"may":[23],"create":[24],"high":[25],"holding":[26],"costs,":[27],"obsolescence":[28],"tied":[30],"capital,":[31],"whereas":[32],"external":[33],"sourcing":[34],"introduces":[35],"lead-time":[36],"dependence.":[37],"Additive":[38],"manufacturing":[39,110],"adds":[40],"third":[42],"option":[43,123],"by":[44],"enabling":[45],"selected":[46],"components":[47],"to":[48,81],"be":[49],"produced":[50],"on":[51,108],"demand":[52,88],"from":[53],"digital":[54],"data.":[55],"This":[56],"conceptual":[57],"paper":[58],"develops":[59],"hybrid":[61],"decision":[62,141],"framework":[63,134],"that":[64],"combines":[65],"these":[66],"alternatives":[67],"3S":[70],"model:":[71],"Store,":[72],"Source,":[73],"Synthesize.":[74],"The":[75,103,132],"model":[76],"evaluates":[77],"spare":[78],"parts":[79],"according":[80],"criticality,":[82],"supply":[83,113],"lead":[84],"time,":[85],"downtime":[86],"cost,":[87],"frequency,":[89],"additive-manufacturing":[90],"feasibility,":[91],"material":[92],"quality":[94],"requirements,":[95],"legal":[96],"warranty":[98],"constraints,":[99],"lifecycle":[101],"economics.":[102],"study":[104],"synthesizes":[105],"peer-reviewed":[106],"research":[107],"additive":[109],"spare-parts":[112],"chains":[114],"positions":[116],"3D":[117],"printing":[118],"as":[119],"selective":[121],"logistics":[122],"rather":[124],"than":[125],"universal":[127],"substitute":[128],"physical":[130],"inventory.":[131],"resulting":[133],"intended":[136],"preliminary":[138],"classification":[139],"support;":[142],"it":[143],"requires":[144],"organisation-specific":[145],"validation":[146],"before":[147],"quantitative":[148],"thresholds":[149],"are":[150],"introduced.":[151]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-08T12:12:28.789561","created_date":"2026-11-07T00:00:00"}