{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225417801","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/md.0000000000051449","title":"Association between pre-stroke anemia and risk of acute kidney injury following ischemic stroke: A multi-institutional retrospective cohort study","display_name":"Association between pre-stroke anemia and risk of acute kidney injury following ischemic stroke: A multi-institutional retrospective cohort study","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225417801","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/md.0000000000051449","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42994823"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1097/md.0000000000051449","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/md.0000000000051449","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1097/md.0000000000051449","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S28966261","display_name":"Medicine","issn_l":"0025-7974","issn":["0025-7974","1536-5964"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318547","host_organization_name":"Wolters Kluwer","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1097/md.0000000000051449","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101533365","display_name":"I\u2010Wen Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-7122-6901","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0004-7122-6901","https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0750-0035"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136334","display_name":"Chi Mei Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/02y2htg06","country_code":"TW","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210136334"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"I-Wen Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Anesthesiology, Chi Mei Hospital, Liouying, Tainan, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Anesthesiology, Chi Mei Hospital, Liouying, Tainan, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136334"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053089979","display_name":"Chia\u2010Li Kao","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210091198","display_name":"E-Da Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/00eh7f421","country_code":"TW","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210091198"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98298690","display_name":"I-Shou University","ror":"https://ror.org/04d7e4m76","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98298690"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chia-Li Kao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Anesthesiology, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Anesthesiology, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210091198","https://openalex.org/I98298690"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161096868","display_name":"Yi-Chen Lai","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136334","display_name":"Chi Mei Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/02y2htg06","country_code":"TW","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210136334"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yi-Chen Lai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Anesthesiology, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Anesthesiology, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136334"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031325268","display_name":"Kuo\u2010Chuan Hung","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4507-8085","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4507-8085"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142974352","display_name":"National Sun Yat-sen University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mjawt10","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142974352"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136334","display_name":"Chi Mei Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/02y2htg06","country_code":"TW","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210136334"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kuo-Chuan Hung","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Anesthesiology, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan","School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4507-8085","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Anesthesiology, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136334"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142974352"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1950,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1950},"apc_paid":{"value":1950,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1950},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"105","issue":"45","first_page":"e51449","last_page":"e51449"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10684","display_name":"Acute Kidney Injury Research","score":0.9878000020980835,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2727","display_name":"Nephrology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10684","display_name":"Acute Kidney Injury Research","score":0.9878000020980835,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2727","display_name":"Nephrology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10227","display_name":"Acute Ischemic Stroke Management","score":0.007199999876320362,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2728","display_name":"Clinical Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10408","display_name":"Chronic Kidney Disease and Diabetes","score":0.0006000000284984708,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2727","display_name":"Nephrology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acute-kidney-injury","display_name":"acute kidney injury","score":0.9929999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ischemic-stroke","display_name":"ischemic stroke","score":0.9879999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/post-stroke-complications","display_name":"stroke complications","score":0.781000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/all-cause-mortality","display_name":"all-cause mortality","score":0.8539999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pneumonia","display_name":"pneumonia","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intensive-care-unit-admission","display_name":"intensive care unit admission","score":0.9909999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hemoglobin-levels","display_name":"hemoglobin levels","score":0.7639999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anemia-severity","display_name":"anemia severity","score":0.7870000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-factors","display_name":"risk factors","score":0.5099999904632568}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.9782000184059143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167135981","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2146302","display_name":"Retrospective cohort study","level":2,"score":0.7184000015258789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780472472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q424337","display_name":"Acute kidney injury","level":2,"score":0.7009999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778248108","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5445","display_name":"Anemia","level":2,"score":0.6955999732017517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776376669","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5094647","display_name":"Intensive care unit","level":2,"score":0.5909000039100647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.576200008392334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203092338","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1340863","display_name":"Clinical endpoint","level":3,"score":0.5131999850273132},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C156957248","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1862216","display_name":"Odds ratio","level":2,"score":0.4796999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44249647","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208498","display_name":"Confidence interval","level":2,"score":0.4683000147342682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201903717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1778788","display_name":"Cohort study","level":2,"score":0.4553000032901764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17923572","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7250160","display_name":"Propensity score matching","level":2,"score":0.44020000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780645631","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q671554","display_name":"Stroke (engine)","level":2,"score":0.400299996137619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188816634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2113324","display_name":"Prospective cohort study","level":2,"score":0.39500001072883606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778653478","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1054718","display_name":"Kidney disease","level":2,"score":0.38089999556541443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50440223","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1475848","display_name":"Risk factor","level":2,"score":0.36480000615119934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177713679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q679690","display_name":"Intensive care medicine","level":1,"score":0.32190001010894775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987404301","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q679690","display_name":"Intensive care","level":2,"score":0.3070000112056732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146304588","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q961652","display_name":"Case-control study","level":2,"score":0.30649998784065247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777914695","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12192","display_name":"Pneumonia","level":2,"score":0.30140000581741333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197934379","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2047938","display_name":"Adverse effect","level":2,"score":0.29190000891685486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23131810","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q818574","display_name":"Observational study","level":2,"score":0.2896000146865845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30036603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17125150","display_name":"Severity of illness","level":2,"score":0.2840000092983246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780724011","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1295316","display_name":"Emergency department","level":2,"score":0.27730000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82789193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2142611","display_name":"Relative risk","level":3,"score":0.27320000529289246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777984932","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7336293","display_name":"Risk of mortality","level":2,"score":0.2671999931335449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141071460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40821","display_name":"Surgery","level":1,"score":0.2578999996185303}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000083242","descriptor_name":"Ischemic Stroke","qualifier_ui":"Q000150","qualifier_name":"complications","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000369","descriptor_name":"Aged, 80 and over","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000740","descriptor_name":"Anemia","qualifier_ui":"Q000150","qualifier_name":"complications","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000740","descriptor_name":"Anemia","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006454","descriptor_name":"Hemoglobins","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012189","descriptor_name":"Retrospective Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012307","descriptor_name":"Risk Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020521","descriptor_name":"Stroke","qualifier_ui":"Q000150","qualifier_name":"complications","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D057216","descriptor_name":"Propensity Score","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D058186","descriptor_name":"Acute Kidney Injury","qualifier_ui":"Q000209","qualifier_name":"etiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D058186","descriptor_name":"Acute Kidney Injury","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1097/md.0000000000051449","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/md.0000000000051449","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1097/md.0000000000051449","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S28966261","display_name":"Medicine","issn_l":"0025-7974","issn":["0025-7974","1536-5964"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318547","host_organization_name":"Wolters Kluwer","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:42994823","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42994823","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Medicine","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1097/md.0000000000051449","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/md.0000000000051449","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1097/md.0000000000051449","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S28966261","display_name":"Medicine","issn_l":"0025-7974","issn":["0025-7974","1536-5964"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318547","host_organization_name":"Wolters Kluwer","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":1.0,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2009524610","https://openalex.org/W2036992488","https://openalex.org/W2062110729","https://openalex.org/W2094857831","https://openalex.org/W2137842842","https://openalex.org/W2144662584","https://openalex.org/W2338250914","https://openalex.org/W2467293880","https://openalex.org/W2518098335","https://openalex.org/W2724129887","https://openalex.org/W2758029528","https://openalex.org/W2766224522","https://openalex.org/W2768141044","https://openalex.org/W2799368363","https://openalex.org/W2896419305","https://openalex.org/W2954862139","https://openalex.org/W3021078735","https://openalex.org/W3025448631","https://openalex.org/W3047102476","https://openalex.org/W3174464392","https://openalex.org/W3197233575","https://openalex.org/W3215993186","https://openalex.org/W4205246786","https://openalex.org/W4383901080","https://openalex.org/W4403475304","https://openalex.org/W4407776574","https://openalex.org/W4408273436","https://openalex.org/W4416205558","https://openalex.org/W4417192132","https://openalex.org/W7115178570"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2062110729","https://openalex.org/W2077630934","https://openalex.org/W3096754360","https://openalex.org/W2954862139","https://openalex.org/W2094857831","https://openalex.org/W7160918065","https://openalex.org/W4397025145","https://openalex.org/W4401793654","https://openalex.org/W3047102476","https://openalex.org/W7223109475"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Although":[0],"anemia":[1,30,77,137,191,206],"is":[2,207],"an":[3,210],"established":[4],"risk":[5,33,143,212],"factor":[6],"for":[7],"acute":[8,38],"kidney":[9],"injury":[10],"(AKI),":[11],"its":[12],"specific":[13],"impact":[14],"on":[15,70],"post-stroke":[16,214],"AKI":[17,36,107,145,215],"remains":[18],"inadequately":[19],"explored.":[20],"This":[21,41],"study":[22],"aimed":[23],"to":[24,178,233],"investigate":[25],"the":[26,32,45,95,104,109,222,239],"association":[27,186],"between":[28,60,189],"pre-stroke":[29,136],"and":[31,63,80,118,167,193,202,216,237],"of":[34,106,144,213,225],"developing":[35],"after":[37],"ischemic":[39,58],"stroke.":[40],"retrospective":[42],"study,":[43,227],"using":[44],"TriNetX":[46],"research":[47],"network":[48],"database,":[49],"identified":[50],"adult":[51],"patients":[52,128],"who":[53],"experienced":[54],"their":[55],"1st":[56],"recorded":[57],"stroke":[59],"January":[61],"2010":[62],"December":[64],"2023.":[65],"Patients":[66,134],"were":[67,129],"categorized":[68],"based":[69],"hemoglobin":[71],"levels":[72],"within":[73],"3":[74],"months":[75],"pre-stroke:":[76],"(hemoglobin":[78,85],"\u22658.0":[79],"<12.0":[81],"g/dL)":[82],"versus":[83],"control":[84],"\u226512.0":[86],"g/dL).":[87],"After":[88,123],"1:1":[89],"propensity":[90,124],"score":[91,125],"matching,":[92,126],"we":[93],"analyzed":[94],"outcomes":[96],"at":[97],"1-year":[98,142],"follow-up.":[99],"The":[100,196],"primary":[101],"endpoint":[102],"was":[103,187],"development":[105],"during":[108],"follow-up":[110],"period.":[111],"Secondary":[112],"endpoints":[113],"comprised":[114],"all-cause":[115],"mortality,":[116],"pneumonia,":[117],"intensive":[119,168],"care":[120,169],"unit":[121,170],"admission.":[122],"61,896":[127],"included":[130],"in":[131],"each":[132],"cohort.":[133],"with":[135,209],"had":[138],"a":[139],"significantly":[140],"higher":[141],"(hazard":[146],"ratio":[147],"[HR]:":[148],"1.89,":[149],"95%":[150,158,164,174],"confidence":[151],"interval":[152],"[CI]:":[153],"1.83-1.96),":[154],"mortality":[155],"(HR:":[156,162,172],"1.86,":[157],"CI:":[159,165,175],"1.80-1.93),":[160],"pneumonia":[161],"1.76,":[163],"1.69-1.84),":[166],"admission":[171],"1.60,":[173],"1.55-1.65)":[176],"compared":[177],"controls":[179],"(all":[180],"P":[181],"<":[182],".001).":[183],"A":[184],"graded":[185],"observed":[188],"increasing":[190],"severity":[192],"adverse":[194,218],"outcomes.":[195,219],"findings":[197,236],"remained":[198],"robust":[199],"across":[200],"sensitivity":[201],"subgroup":[203],"analyses.":[204],"Pre-stroke":[205],"associated":[208],"increased":[211],"other":[217],"However,":[220],"given":[221],"observational":[223],"nature":[224],"this":[226],"future":[228],"prospective":[229],"studies":[230],"are":[231],"warranted":[232],"confirm":[234],"these":[235],"elucidate":[238],"underlying":[240],"mechanisms.":[241]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-09T13:22:03.289127","created_date":"2026-11-07T00:00:00"}
