{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225417707","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23992188","title":"Does India Have Baumol's Cost Disease? Relative Prices and Productivity Gaps Between Industry and Services in India and 95 Economies, 1991-2023, with an Exact Decomposition and a Measurement-Error Bound","display_name":"Does India Have Baumol's Cost Disease? Relative Prices and Productivity Gaps Between Industry and Services in India and 95 Economies, 1991-2023, with an Exact Decomposition and a Measurement-Error Bound","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225417707","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23992188"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.23992188","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23992188","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23992188","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23992188","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5159002730","display_name":"Manoj Kumar Aguru","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405266258","display_name":"Chaitanya","ror":"https://ror.org/01m1bpg27","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405266258"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Aguru, Manoj Kumar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Former Officer, Chaitanya Godavari Grameena Bank (CGGB)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Former Officer, Chaitanya Godavari Grameena Bank (CGGB)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405266258"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5159002730"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405266258"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10393","display_name":"Economic Growth and Productivity","score":0.6929000020027161,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10393","display_name":"Economic Growth and Productivity","score":0.6929000020027161,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11742","display_name":"Economic Theory and Policy","score":0.22269999980926514,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2000","display_name":"General Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10007","display_name":"Monetary Policy and Economic Impact","score":0.04149999842047691,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2000","display_name":"General Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/baumol-s-cost-disease","display_name":"Baumol's cost disease","score":0.9940000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/labour-productivity-gap","display_name":"labour productivity gap","score":0.6830000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/value-added-per-worker","display_name":"value added per worker","score":0.675000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/india","display_name":"India","score":0.5170000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cross-national-comparison","display_name":"cross-national comparison","score":0.7129999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/productivity-growth","display_name":"productivity growth","score":0.3499999940395355}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204983608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2111958","display_name":"Productivity","level":2,"score":0.7408999800682068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185782297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2142538","display_name":"Relative price","level":2,"score":0.6212000250816345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.6032999753952026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201236551","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310809","display_name":"Relative value","level":2,"score":0.5313000082969666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.5144000053405762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77553402","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13222579","display_name":"Upper and lower bounds","level":2,"score":0.5108000040054321},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776291640","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2912517","display_name":"Value (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4629000127315521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79337645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q779824","display_name":"Outlier","level":2,"score":0.4099000096321106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155512373","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q287450","display_name":"Residual","level":2,"score":0.373199999332428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9490382","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q729113","display_name":"Weighted arithmetic mean","level":2,"score":0.36959999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778348673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q739302","display_name":"Production (economics)","level":2,"score":0.3671000003814697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44648626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1049848","display_name":"Percentage point","level":2,"score":0.34880000352859497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778312390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4139973","display_name":"Growth rate","level":2,"score":0.34769999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17648541","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2265984","display_name":"Efficiency","level":3,"score":0.32249999046325684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43246008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55638","display_name":"Tertiary sector of the economy","level":2,"score":0.31929999589920044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3181999921798706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48824518","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q396340","display_name":"Agricultural economics","level":1,"score":0.3050000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145236788","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28161","display_name":"Labour economics","level":1,"score":0.2985999882221222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151355145","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4357466","display_name":"Productivity model","level":4,"score":0.2906999886035919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96250715","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q965330","display_name":"Estimation","level":2,"score":0.28279998898506165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988460067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55639","display_name":"Manufacturing sector","level":2,"score":0.27720001339912415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175700187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187939","display_name":"Manufacturing","level":2,"score":0.2732999920845032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124681953","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q339062","display_name":"Decomposition","level":2,"score":0.26739999651908875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141845432","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1936153","display_name":"Multifactor productivity","level":4,"score":0.25099998712539673}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.23992188","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23992188","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23992188","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.23992189","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23992189","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23992189","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.23992188","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23992188","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23992188","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","score":0.7825999855995178,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3016895738","https://openalex.org/W4389726666","https://openalex.org/W2133390646","https://openalex.org/W3010141183","https://openalex.org/W2770287945","https://openalex.org/W4253787225","https://openalex.org/W4376601492","https://openalex.org/W3144821075","https://openalex.org/W4412176251","https://openalex.org/W7009453082"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Baumol's":[0,199],"cost":[1],"disease":[2],"predicts":[3],"that":[4,121],"the":[5,15,21,33,36,44,52,70,76,84,90,93,103,106,115,122,131,147,165,196,202,240],"relative":[6,40,62,80,204],"price":[7,81,104,205],"of":[8,35,54,79,92,130,198,216],"services":[9,37,47,61,185,203,223,241],"rises":[10],"one":[11,13,88,141],"for":[12,32,158],"with":[14],"gap":[16,50,86],"between":[17],"productivity":[18,49,85,107,187],"growth":[19,34,53,82],"in":[20,25,60,111,182,220,238],"progressive":[22],"sector":[23],"and":[24,105,134,155,229],"services.":[26],"I":[27,119],"derive":[28],"an":[29,137,143,180],"exact":[30],"identity":[31],"to":[38,63,73,163,227,235],"industry":[39,45,221],"price:":[41],"it":[42],"equals":[43,87],"minus":[46],"labour":[48,186],"plus":[51,89,222],"nominal":[55,217],"value":[56,153,218],"added":[57,154,219],"per":[58],"worker":[59],"industry.":[64],"The":[65],"strict":[66],"Baumol":[67],"model":[68],"sets":[69],"second":[71],"term":[72],"zero,":[74],"so":[75,136,237],"cross-country":[77],"slope":[78,91,116,124,133,139,166],"on":[83,146],"residual":[94],"term,":[95],"exactly.":[96],"Because":[97],"measured":[98],"real":[99,112],"output":[100,113],"enters":[101],"both":[102],"gap,":[108],"classical":[109],"error":[110,171],"pushes":[114],"towards":[117],"one;":[118],"prove":[120],"observed":[123,138],"is":[125,142,167,179],"then":[126],"a":[127,191,212],"weighted":[128],"average":[129],"true":[132,148],"one,":[135],"below":[140,176],"upper":[144],"bound":[145],"slope.":[149],"Using":[150],"World":[151],"Bank":[152],"employment":[156],"data":[157],"95":[159],"economies":[160],"over":[161],"1991":[162],"2023,":[164],"0.405":[168],"(robust":[169],"standard":[170],"0.091;":[172],"Theil-Sen":[173],"0.452),":[174],"well":[175],"one.":[177],"India":[178,239],"outlier":[181],"direction:":[183],"its":[184],"grew":[188,243],"1.48":[189],"points":[190,211],"year":[192],"faster":[193],"than":[194],"industry's,":[195],"reverse":[197],"premise,":[200],"while":[201],"was":[206],"almost":[207],"unchanged":[208],"(minus":[209],"0.04":[210],"year).":[213],"Services'":[214],"share":[215,232,242],"rose":[224],"from":[225,233],"58.8%":[226],"65.1%":[228],"their":[230],"constant-price":[231],"57.8%":[234],"64.4%,":[236],"through":[244],"volume,":[245],"not":[246],"price.":[247]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-08T12:12:28.789561","created_date":"2026-11-07T00:00:00"}