{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225414577","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1128/spectrum.02242-26","title":"Cell wall polysaccharides enhance surface hydrophilicity and improve tolerance to alcohol and surfactants in Lacticaseibacillus paracasei strain Shirota","display_name":"Cell wall polysaccharides enhance surface hydrophilicity and improve tolerance to alcohol and surfactants in Lacticaseibacillus paracasei strain Shirota","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225414577","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1128/spectrum.02242-26","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42992669"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1128/spectrum.02242-26","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1128/spectrum.02242-26","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1128/spectrum.02242-26","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764766708","display_name":"Microbiology Spectrum","issn_l":"2165-0497","issn":["2165-0497"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320263","host_organization_name":"American Society for Microbiology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320263"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Society for Microbiology"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Microbiology Spectrum","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1128/spectrum.02242-26","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102924470","display_name":"Kosuke Kato","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1622-5725","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1622-5725"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210153337","display_name":"Yakult Central Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/04gcc2383","country_code":"JP","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210153337"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kosuke Kato","raw_affiliation_strings":["Yakult Central Institute"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1622-5725","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Yakult Central Institute","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210153337"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5139805248","display_name":"Madoka Nakamura","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210153337","display_name":"Yakult Central Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/04gcc2383","country_code":"JP","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210153337"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Madoka Nakamura","raw_affiliation_strings":["Yakult Central Institute"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Yakult Central Institute","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210153337"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090716904","display_name":"Masaki Serata","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2307-8794","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2307-8794"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210153337","display_name":"Yakult Central Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/04gcc2383","country_code":"JP","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210153337"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Masaki Serata","raw_affiliation_strings":["Yakult Central Institute"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Yakult Central Institute","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210153337"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108642486","display_name":"Takekazu Okumura","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-2071-9545","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0008-2071-9545"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210153337","display_name":"Yakult Central Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/04gcc2383","country_code":"JP","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210153337"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Takekazu Okumura","raw_affiliation_strings":["Yakult Central Institute"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Yakult Central Institute","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210153337"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210153337"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2500},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2500},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"e0224226","last_page":"e0224226"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10141","display_name":"Probiotics and Fermented Foods","score":0.9639000296592712,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1106","display_name":"Food Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10141","display_name":"Probiotics and Fermented Foods","score":0.9639000296592712,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1106","display_name":"Food Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10120","display_name":"Bacterial Genetics and Biotechnology","score":0.0210999995470047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12192","display_name":"Polysaccharides Composition and Applications","score":0.003100000089034438,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1106","display_name":"Food Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cell-wall-polysaccharides","display_name":"cell wall polysaccharides","score":0.9599999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cell-surface-hydrophobicity","display_name":"cell surface hydrophobicity","score":0.7689999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bile-salt-tolerance","display_name":"bile salt tolerance","score":0.7519999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/short-chain-alcohols","display_name":"short-chain alcohols","score":0.7900000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/disinfectant-tolerance","display_name":"disinfectant tolerance","score":0.652999997138977}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.7537999749183655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775900799","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q287415","display_name":"Cholic acid","level":3,"score":0.6326000094413757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12554922","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7100","display_name":"Biophysics","level":1,"score":0.6075000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67407626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5723218","display_name":"Amphiphile","level":4,"score":0.5817000269889832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781089062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q419028","display_name":"Chenodeoxycholic acid","level":3,"score":0.5224000215530396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125235067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128700","display_name":"Cell wall","level":2,"score":0.4950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779433226","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1799829","display_name":"Lactobacillus paracasei","level":4,"score":0.48730000853538513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778022156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576145","display_name":"Strain (injury)","level":2,"score":0.44850000739097595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58123911","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q467410","display_name":"Biofilm","level":3,"score":0.43459999561309814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100817775","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q134219","display_name":"Polysaccharide","level":2,"score":0.4230000078678131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780749602","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q425680","display_name":"Deoxycholic acid","level":3,"score":0.3806000053882599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C523546767","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10876","display_name":"Bacteria","level":2,"score":0.3637000024318695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.3628000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143065580","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3285695","display_name":"Mutant","level":3,"score":0.3628000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42360764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83588","display_name":"Chemical engineering","level":1,"score":0.34459999203681946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780480987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2659931","display_name":"Taurocholic acid","level":3,"score":0.3400000035762787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41625074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176088","display_name":"Membrane","level":2,"score":0.33970001339912415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778106830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q29548","display_name":"Cell membrane","level":3,"score":0.3370000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184651966","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q906356","display_name":"Aqueous solution","level":2,"score":0.3321000039577484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84416704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188666","display_name":"Adhesion","level":2,"score":0.32659998536109924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58226133","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1324199","display_name":"Pulmonary surfactant","level":2,"score":0.3264000117778778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1491633281","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7868","display_name":"Cell","level":2,"score":0.30070000886917114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146587185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q258248","display_name":"Bacterial outer membrane","level":4,"score":0.28999999165534973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781066024","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q156","display_name":"Alcohol","level":2,"score":0.2770000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90260826","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899157","display_name":"Hydrophobic effect","level":2,"score":0.27459999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85789140","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187640","display_name":"Cell adhesion","level":3,"score":0.26919999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89423630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7193","display_name":"Microbiology","level":1,"score":0.2581999897956848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779399885","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413288","display_name":"Bile acid","level":2,"score":0.2565999925136566}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1128/spectrum.02242-26","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1128/spectrum.02242-26","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1128/spectrum.02242-26","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764766708","display_name":"Microbiology Spectrum","issn_l":"2165-0497","issn":["2165-0497"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320263","host_organization_name":"American Society for Microbiology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320263"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Society for Microbiology"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Microbiology Spectrum","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:42992669","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42992669","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Microbiology spectrum","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1128/spectrum.02242-26","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1128/spectrum.02242-26","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1128/spectrum.02242-26","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764766708","display_name":"Microbiology Spectrum","issn_l":"2165-0497","issn":["2165-0497"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320263","host_organization_name":"American Society for Microbiology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320263"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Society for Microbiology"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Microbiology Spectrum","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327436","display_name":"Yakult Honsha","ror":"https://ror.org/03wmnrc91"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1968758930","https://openalex.org/W1996288830","https://openalex.org/W2023640971","https://openalex.org/W2034419193","https://openalex.org/W2040011766","https://openalex.org/W2041889767","https://openalex.org/W2055463902","https://openalex.org/W2062541657","https://openalex.org/W2067278100","https://openalex.org/W2075487534","https://openalex.org/W2092724289","https://openalex.org/W2098356192","https://openalex.org/W2100544978","https://openalex.org/W2114229205","https://openalex.org/W2120208347","https://openalex.org/W2121960517","https://openalex.org/W2122600131","https://openalex.org/W2130696295","https://openalex.org/W2157478589","https://openalex.org/W2162267998","https://openalex.org/W2188291479","https://openalex.org/W2606135009","https://openalex.org/W2900888241","https://openalex.org/W2953682790","https://openalex.org/W2991759969","https://openalex.org/W3161482943","https://openalex.org/W3163419931","https://openalex.org/W4294585259","https://openalex.org/W4385850825","https://openalex.org/W4400146731","https://openalex.org/W4403003955","https://openalex.org/W4403735028","https://openalex.org/W4407419538","https://openalex.org/W4411307108","https://openalex.org/W4411665679","https://openalex.org/W4412133481","https://openalex.org/W4415991568","https://openalex.org/W4416346215"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4411665679","https://openalex.org/W4400146731","https://openalex.org/W2010361860","https://openalex.org/W2055463902","https://openalex.org/W2166424469","https://openalex.org/W4306404090","https://openalex.org/W1989651824","https://openalex.org/W2097092342","https://openalex.org/W1834859590","https://openalex.org/W2900888241"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"ABSTRACT":[0],"Cell":[1],"wall":[2,255,330],"polysaccharides":[3,331],"(CWPSs)":[4],"form":[5],"the":[6,13,76,89,93,104,112,159,186,190,237,240,264,271,301,309,315,324],"outermost":[7],"interface":[8],"of":[9,88,152,189,229,243],"many":[10],"bacteria;":[11],"however,":[12,239],"mechanisms":[14],"by":[15,227],"which":[16,173],"they":[17],"regulate":[18],"surface":[19,110,178,209,230,266,334],"physicochemical":[20],"properties":[21,210],"and":[22,65,69,134,148,157,164,184,211,220,269,285,293,314,336],"tolerance":[23,66,213],"to":[24,41,58,67,119,193,207,214,288,340],"chemical":[25,215],"stress":[26,43,216],"remain":[27],"unclear.":[28,247],"Lacticaseibacillus":[29,259],"paracasei":[30,260],"strain":[31,261],"Shirota":[32,262],"(LcS)":[33],"produces":[34],"a":[35,170,176,252,304],"high-molecular-weight":[36],"CWPS":[37],"(LCPS-1)":[38],"that":[39,180,204,232,251,303,328],"contributes":[40],"gastrointestinal":[42],"resistance.":[44],"In":[45,72],"this":[46,278,321],"study,":[47],"we":[48],"compared":[49,100],"wild-type":[50],"LcS":[51],"with":[52,85,101,108,140,236],"an":[53],"LCPS-1-deficient":[54],"\u0394":[55,77,113],"cps":[56,78,114],"mutant":[57,79,115],"determine":[59],"how":[60],"LCPS-1":[61,153,174],"affects":[62],"cell-surface":[63],"hydrophobicity":[64],"hydrophobic":[68,194,275,284,312,341],"amphipathic":[70],"compounds.":[71],"microbial":[73],"adhesion-to-hydrocarbons":[74],"assays,":[75],"showed":[80],"increased":[81],"partitioning":[82],"into":[83],"hexadecane,":[84],"only":[86],"26\u201331%":[87],"cells":[90,281],"remaining":[91],"in":[92,172,217,258],"aqueous":[94],"phase":[95],"at":[96,125],"high":[97],"hexadecane":[98],"ratios":[99],"82\u201388%":[102],"for":[103,146,161],"wild":[105],"type.":[106],"Consistent":[107],"enhanced":[109],"hydrophobicity,":[111],"was":[116],"more":[117,267,283,286],"sensitive":[118],"bile":[120,289],"acids,":[121,290],"showing":[122,327],"reduced":[123,141,155],"survival":[124,156],"\u226520":[126],"mM":[127,131,136],"cholic":[128,147],"acid,":[129,133,138],"\u22650.6":[130],"chenodeoxycholic":[132,149],"\u22651.0":[135],"deoxycholic":[137],"along":[139],"minimum":[142],"inhibitory":[143],"concentrations":[144],"(MICs)":[145],"acids.":[150],"Loss":[151],"also":[154],"lowered":[158],"MICs":[160],"short-chain":[162,291],"alcohols":[163],"bactericidal":[165,274,296],"surfactants.":[166],"These":[167,298],"findings":[168],"support":[169,300],"model":[171],"forms":[175],"hydrophilic":[177,268,305],"layer":[179,257,307],"limits":[181],"interfacial":[182],"adhesion":[183],"reduces":[185,308],"effective":[187],"exposure":[188],"cytoplasmic":[191],"membrane":[192],"chemicals.":[195,276],"Overall,":[196],"our":[197,319],"results":[198,299],"identify":[199],"CWPSs":[200],"as":[201],"gene-encoded":[202],"determinants":[203],"enable":[205],"bacteria":[206],"modulate":[208],"enhance":[212],"both":[218],"host-associated":[219],"environmental":[221],"settings.":[222],"IMPORTANCE":[223],"Bacteria":[224],"are":[225],"covered":[226],"layers":[228,245],"sugars":[231],"influence":[233],"their":[234],"interaction":[235],"environment;":[238],"actual":[241],"role":[242],"these":[244],"remains":[246],"This":[248],"study":[249],"demonstrates":[250],"major":[253],"cell":[254,265,316,329],"polysaccharide":[256,279],"makes":[263],"helps":[270],"bacterium":[272],"withstand":[273],"Without":[277],"layer,":[280],"became":[282],"susceptible":[287],"alcohols,":[292],"commonly":[294],"used":[295],"disinfectants.":[297],"idea":[302],"sugar":[306],"contact":[310],"between":[311],"compounds":[313],"membrane.":[317],"To":[318],"knowledge,":[320],"is":[322],"among":[323],"first":[325],"studies":[326],"can":[332],"increase":[333],"hydrophilicity":[335],"thereby":[337],"improve":[338],"resistance":[339],"stress.":[342]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-08T12:12:28.789561","created_date":"2026-11-07T00:00:00"}