{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225414516","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2026.2010823","title":"Generative AI-related academic misconduct among medical students: co-occurrence with conventional misconduct and associated factors","display_name":"Generative AI-related academic misconduct among medical students: co-occurrence with conventional misconduct and associated factors","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225414516","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2026.2010823"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fpubh.2026.2010823","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2026.2010823","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2026.2010823","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/public-health/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2026.2010823/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2595931848","display_name":"Frontiers in Public Health","issn_l":"2296-2565","issn":["2296-2565"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Public Health","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/public-health/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2026.2010823/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5136145284","display_name":"Xiuhong Yang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xiuhong Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["The First School of Clinical Medicine, Shandong Medical and Pharmaceutical University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The First School of Clinical Medicine, Shandong Medical and Pharmaceutical University","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5136145284"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":3150,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3801},"apc_paid":{"value":3150,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3801},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11492","display_name":"Academic integrity and plagiarism","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11492","display_name":"Academic integrity and plagiarism","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14414","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Education","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11636","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2718","display_name":"Health Informatics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generative-ai","display_name":"generative AI","score":0.8809999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/academic-misconduct","display_name":"academic misconduct","score":0.9819999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medical-students","display_name":"medical students","score":0.9110000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cheating-behavior","display_name":"cheating","score":0.5049999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/plagiarism","display_name":"plagiarism","score":0.722000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prevalence","display_name":"prevalence","score":0.3409999907016754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neutralization","display_name":"neutralization","score":0.41999998688697815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/opportunity","display_name":"opportunity","score":0.46299999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/peer-influence","display_name":"peer influence","score":0.47999998927116394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/academic-integrity","display_name":"academic integrity","score":0.6589999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medical-education","display_name":"medical education","score":0.6200000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/assessment-design","display_name":"assessment design","score":0.515999972820282}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780587575","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6875295","display_name":"Misconduct","level":2,"score":0.694100022315979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.5910999774932861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.5539000034332275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C509550671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126945","display_name":"Medical education","level":1,"score":0.45899999141693115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.4120999872684479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75630572","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q538904","display_name":"Applied psychology","level":1,"score":0.40959998965263367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151956035","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1132755","display_name":"Logistic regression","level":2,"score":0.3619999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.3434000015258789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39890363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36108","display_name":"Generative grammar","level":2,"score":0.3398999869823456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70410870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199906","display_name":"Clinical psychology","level":1,"score":0.33869999647140503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160798450","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4230870","display_name":"Concordance","level":2,"score":0.3368000090122223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165064840","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1321061","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.3239000141620636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779473830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540899","display_name":"MEDLINE","level":2,"score":0.3192000091075897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.30309998989105225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108759981","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q788590","display_name":"Authorization","level":2,"score":0.30090001225471497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167966045","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5532625","display_name":"Generative model","level":3,"score":0.29089999198913574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95190672","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q815382","display_name":"Meta-analysis","level":2,"score":0.2897000014781952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142853389","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q744778","display_name":"Association (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.27709999680519104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143095724","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q515895","display_name":"Odds","level":3,"score":0.2689000070095062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24845683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178651","display_name":"Interview","level":2,"score":0.2685000002384186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97256817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1462316","display_name":"Spurious relationship","level":2,"score":0.2660999894142151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.26409998536109924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26993612","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q910154","display_name":"Panacea (medicine)","level":3,"score":0.2615000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85973986","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1091731","display_name":"Exploratory research","level":2,"score":0.26080000400543213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148220186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7111912","display_name":"Outcome (game theory)","level":2,"score":0.25679999589920044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138816342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189603","display_name":"Public health","level":2,"score":0.2524999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.2502000033855438}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3389/fpubh.2026.2010823","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2026.2010823","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2026.2010823","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/public-health/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2026.2010823/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2595931848","display_name":"Frontiers in Public Health","issn_l":"2296-2565","issn":["2296-2565"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Public Health","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:9457d9ef3a5c428ebfbc7cf1a5f766df","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/9457d9ef3a5c428ebfbc7cf1a5f766df","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Public Health, Vol 14 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fpubh.2026.2010823","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2026.2010823","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2026.2010823","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/public-health/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2026.2010823/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2595931848","display_name":"Frontiers in Public Health","issn_l":"2296-2565","issn":["2296-2565"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Public Health","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6164000034332275,"display_name":"Quality education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"},{"score":0.4043000042438507,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7225414516.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7225414516.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1995742667","https://openalex.org/W2003728784","https://openalex.org/W2013578576","https://openalex.org/W2020018978","https://openalex.org/W2072962933","https://openalex.org/W2078015788","https://openalex.org/W2099697766","https://openalex.org/W2102976284","https://openalex.org/W2132479067","https://openalex.org/W2498119267","https://openalex.org/W2599076725","https://openalex.org/W2888803407","https://openalex.org/W4230765809","https://openalex.org/W4239936855","https://openalex.org/W4321605350","https://openalex.org/W4324046518","https://openalex.org/W4327918021","https://openalex.org/W4384464487","https://openalex.org/W4385953071","https://openalex.org/W4390175962","https://openalex.org/W4404014797","https://openalex.org/W4415583199"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4386754943","https://openalex.org/W7219635168","https://openalex.org/W7225412658","https://openalex.org/W7134061390","https://openalex.org/W7148706977","https://openalex.org/W7172506427","https://openalex.org/W4412066821","https://openalex.org/W7223218187","https://openalex.org/W7155689965","https://openalex.org/W7117303515"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Background":[0],"Generative":[1],"artificial":[2],"intelligence":[3],"(AI)":[4],"has":[5],"introduced":[6],"forms":[7],"of":[8,17,98,108,118,204,286,293],"academic":[9,82],"misconduct":[10,27],"that":[11,145,347],"may":[12],"occur":[13],"beyond":[14],"established":[15],"patterns":[16],"cheating.":[18],"It":[19],"remains":[20],"unclear":[21],"whether":[22,336],"these":[23],"behaviors":[24,83,321],"replace":[25],"conventional":[26,79,223,238,320],"or":[28,111,161,166,237],"coexist":[29],"with":[30,184,298,309],"it":[31],"among":[32],"the":[33,42,46,85,89,96,102,106,193,198,291,299,316,355],"same":[34],"students,":[35,249,254,259,265],"particularly":[36],"in":[37,69,72,123,136,364],"medical":[38,67],"education.":[39],"We":[40,58,139],"estimated":[41],"past-year":[43],"prevalence,":[44],"mapped":[45],"overlap":[47,324],"between":[48],"AI-related":[49,81,93,214,236,318],"and":[50,53,80,105,131,156,175,179,187,225,261,276,290,305,319,325,332,344],"non-AI-related":[51],"misconduct,":[52],"examined":[54],"modifiable":[55],"correlates.":[56],"Methods":[57],"conducted":[59],"an":[60,124,142],"anonymous,":[61],"online,":[62],"cross-sectional":[63],"survey":[64],"at":[65,232],"a":[66,212,222],"university":[68],"eastern":[70],"China":[71],"September":[73],"2026.":[74],"Students":[75],"reported":[76,211,221,231,271,317],"on":[77],"12":[78],"during":[84],"period":[86],"immediately":[87],"preceding":[88],"survey.":[90],"The":[91,116,240,267,328],"primary":[92,213,235,300],"outcome":[94],"involved":[95],"submission":[97],"AI-generated":[99,151],"work":[100,152,289],"without":[101],"required":[103],"disclosure":[104,132],"use":[107,117,158,295,338],"AI":[109,119,167,288,294,337],"paraphrasing":[110,160],"translation":[112],"to":[113,120,149,157,163],"evade":[114,164],"detection.":[115],"generate":[121],"answers":[122],"assessment":[125,345],"was":[126,270,361],"analyzed":[127,277],"separately":[128],"because":[129],"authorization":[130],"were":[133,173,182,242,296,307],"not":[134,334,362],"measured":[135],"this":[137,313,365],"context.":[138],"also":[140],"assessed":[141],"intention":[143],"score":[144],"reflected":[146],"respondents\u2019":[147],"willingness":[148],"submit":[150],"as":[153,244],"their":[154,359],"own":[155],"AI-based":[159],"rewriting":[162],"plagiarism":[165],"detection":[168],"measures.":[169],"Four":[170],"co-occurrence":[171],"profiles":[172,241,263],"compared,":[174],"exploratory":[176,280],"hierarchical":[177],"linear":[178],"logistic":[180],"models":[181],"fitted":[183],"robust":[185],"inference":[186],"internal":[188],"bootstrap":[189],"correction.":[190],"Results":[191],"Of":[192],"421":[194],"submissions,":[195],"359":[196],"met":[197],"prespecified":[199],"quality":[200],"criteria.":[201],"A":[202],"total":[203],"64":[205],"students":[206,274],"(17.8%,":[207],"95%":[208,218,228],"CI:":[209,219,229],"14.2\u201322.1)":[210],"behavior,":[215,224],"52":[216],"(14.5%,":[217],"11.1\u201318.6)":[220],"79":[226],"(22.0%,":[227],"18.0\u201326.6)":[230],"least":[233],"one":[234],"behavior.":[239],"categorized":[243],"follows:":[245],"neither":[246],"profile":[247,252,257],"(280":[248],"78.0%),":[250],"conventional-only":[251],"(15":[253],"4.2%),":[255],"AI-only":[256],"(27":[258],"7.5%),":[260],"both":[262,323],"(37":[264],"10.3%).":[266],"assessment-answer":[268],"item":[269],"by":[272],"67":[273],"(18.7%)":[275],"separately.":[278],"In":[279,312],"adjusted":[281],"models,":[282],"perceived":[283,303],"peer":[284],"completion":[285],"undisclosed":[287],"neutralization":[292,306],"associated":[297,308],"outcome,":[301],"while":[302],"opportunity":[304],"intention.":[310],"Conclusion":[311],"single-university":[314],"sample,":[315],"showed":[322],"distinct":[326],"characteristics.":[327],"findings":[329],"are":[330,351],"correlational":[331],"do":[333],"establish":[335],"caused":[339],"misconduct.":[340],"Clear":[341],"task-level":[342],"guidance":[343],"methods":[346],"make":[348],"authorship":[349],"visible":[350],"reasonable":[352],"options":[353],"for":[354],"future":[356],"evaluation;":[357],"however,":[358],"effectiveness":[360],"tested":[363],"study.":[366]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-09T13:22:03.289127","created_date":"2026-11-07T00:00:00"}
