{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225413557","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nxnano.2026.100926","title":"Safflower cell-derived EVs trigger multipronged inhibition in cancer cells","display_name":"Safflower cell-derived EVs trigger multipronged inhibition in cancer cells","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225413557","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nxnano.2026.100926"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.nxnano.2026.100926","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nxnano.2026.100926","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nxnano.2026.100926","pdf_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2949829526005656/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4387288079","display_name":"Next Nanotechnology","issn_l":"2949-8295","issn":["2949-8295"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Next Nanotechnology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2949829526005656/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109725630","display_name":"Touseef Ur Rehman","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143593769","display_name":"East China University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01vyrm377","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143593769"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391768089","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/02hqczw19","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143593769","https://openalex.org/I4391768089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Touseef Ur Rehman","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143593769","https://openalex.org/I4391768089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5126905309","display_name":"Yuting Sun","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143593769","display_name":"East China University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01vyrm377","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143593769"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391768089","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/02hqczw19","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143593769","https://openalex.org/I4391768089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuting Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143593769","https://openalex.org/I4391768089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161069185","display_name":"Lihua Yang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143593769","display_name":"East China University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01vyrm377","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143593769"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391768089","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/02hqczw19","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143593769","https://openalex.org/I4391768089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lihua Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143593769","https://openalex.org/I4391768089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161042765","display_name":"Kaijie Xia","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143593769","display_name":"East China University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01vyrm377","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143593769"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391768089","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/02hqczw19","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143593769","https://openalex.org/I4391768089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kaijie Xia","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143593769","https://openalex.org/I4391768089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161067901","display_name":"Wenhui Lu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143593769","display_name":"East China University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01vyrm377","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143593769"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391768089","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/02hqczw19","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143593769","https://openalex.org/I4391768089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenhui Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143593769","https://openalex.org/I4391768089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021734637","display_name":"Maria Martuscelli","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5919-305X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5919-305X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I124326101","display_name":"University of Teramo","ror":"https://ror.org/01yetye73","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124326101"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Maria Martuscelli","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Bioscience and Food, Agricultural and Environmental Technology, University of the Studies of Teramo, Via Balzarini 1, Teramo 64100, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5919-305X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Bioscience and Food, Agricultural and Environmental Technology, University of the Studies of Teramo, Via Balzarini 1, Teramo 64100, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I124326101"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5131139051","display_name":"Ali Mohsin","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143593769","display_name":"East China University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01vyrm377","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143593769"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391768089","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/02hqczw19","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143593769","https://openalex.org/I4391768089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ali Mohsin","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143593769","https://openalex.org/I4391768089"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083997307","display_name":"Meijin Guo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3171-4802","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3171-4802"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143593769","display_name":"East China University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01vyrm377","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143593769"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391768089","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/02hqczw19","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143593769","https://openalex.org/I4391768089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Meijin Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3171-4802","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143593769","https://openalex.org/I4391768089"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5021734637","https://openalex.org/A5083997307"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I124326101","https://openalex.org/I143593769","https://openalex.org/I4391768089"],"apc_list":{"value":1280,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1280},"apc_paid":{"value":1280,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1280},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":null,"first_page":"100926","last_page":"100926"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10773","display_name":"Extracellular vesicles in disease","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10773","display_name":"Extracellular vesicles in disease","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10063","display_name":"Nanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2502","display_name":"Biomaterials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12477","display_name":"Toxin Mechanisms and Immunotoxins","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2403","display_name":"Immunology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/safflower","display_name":"safflower","score":0.8289999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/extracellular-vesicles","display_name":"extracellular vesicles","score":0.9129999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/plant-derived-vesicles","display_name":"plant-derived vesicles","score":0.6520000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anticancer-activity","display_name":"anticancer activity","score":0.9620000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cytotoxicity","display_name":"cytotoxicity","score":0.906000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/a431-cells","display_name":"A431 cells","score":0.8029999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hepg2-cells","display_name":"HepG2 cells","score":0.9409999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hela-cells","display_name":"HeLa cells","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/id1","display_name":"Id1","score":0.5879999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/id2","display_name":"Id2","score":0.9700000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/id3-algorithm","display_name":"ID3","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ddit3","display_name":"DDIT3","score":0.7870000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chop","display_name":"CHOP","score":0.8629999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/endoplasmic-reticulum-stress","display_name":"endoplasmic reticulum stress","score":0.9829999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/p21","display_name":"p21","score":0.9760000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cell-cycle-arrest","display_name":"cell cycle arrest","score":0.9769999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/errfi1","display_name":"ERRFI1","score":0.9039999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dr5","display_name":"DR5","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oncogenic-signaling","display_name":"oncogenic signaling","score":0.8090000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transcriptional-reprogramming","display_name":"transcriptional reprogramming","score":0.6240000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicinal-plants","display_name":"medicinal plants","score":0.3880000114440918}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121608353","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12078","display_name":"Cancer","level":2,"score":0.4083999991416931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C502942594","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3421914","display_name":"Cancer research","level":1,"score":0.4072999954223633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.38280001282691956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8891405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1059","display_name":"Immune system","level":2,"score":0.3521000146865845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96232424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4118072","display_name":"Cancer cell","level":3,"score":0.335999995470047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.3206999897956848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.3084000051021576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81885089","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189082","display_name":"Cell culture","level":2,"score":0.2955000102519989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.27489998936653137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780674031","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2012719","display_name":"Cancer immunotherapy","level":4,"score":0.25679999589920044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190283241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14599311","display_name":"Apoptosis","level":2,"score":0.2538999915122986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95444343","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7141","display_name":"Cell biology","level":1,"score":0.2508000135421753}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.nxnano.2026.100926","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nxnano.2026.100926","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nxnano.2026.100926","pdf_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2949829526005656/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4387288079","display_name":"Next Nanotechnology","issn_l":"2949-8295","issn":["2949-8295"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Next Nanotechnology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:0a8d7e2d677f458bbaceac44654b6ed5","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/0a8d7e2d677f458bbaceac44654b6ed5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Next Nanotechnology, Vol 10, Iss , Pp 100926- (2026)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:research.unite.it:11575/181680","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11575/181680","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401171","display_name":"UniTERAMO Research Catalog (University of Teramo)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I124326101","host_organization_name":"University of Teramo","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124326101"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.nxnano.2026.100926","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nxnano.2026.100926","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nxnano.2026.100926","pdf_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2949829526005656/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4387288079","display_name":"Next Nanotechnology","issn_l":"2949-8295","issn":["2949-8295"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Next Nanotechnology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.9763000011444092}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7225413557.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7225413557.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1990532502","https://openalex.org/W2038432313","https://openalex.org/W2085210051","https://openalex.org/W2487964445","https://openalex.org/W2561224646","https://openalex.org/W2803424560","https://openalex.org/W2892492079","https://openalex.org/W3013264957","https://openalex.org/W3140050665","https://openalex.org/W3189107785","https://openalex.org/W3202424071","https://openalex.org/W4214504202","https://openalex.org/W4223494561","https://openalex.org/W4389861133","https://openalex.org/W4391649568","https://openalex.org/W4392683161","https://openalex.org/W4392845624","https://openalex.org/W4401373159","https://openalex.org/W4406559734","https://openalex.org/W4406593927","https://openalex.org/W4411614578","https://openalex.org/W4412032140","https://openalex.org/W4414167903","https://openalex.org/W4416418371"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4392125973","https://openalex.org/W2810208497","https://openalex.org/W4405724000","https://openalex.org/W4295067309","https://openalex.org/W3084585309","https://openalex.org/W3120853798","https://openalex.org/W2521570550","https://openalex.org/W2411956498","https://openalex.org/W7115737574","https://openalex.org/W7204105389"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Medicinal":[0],"plant-derived":[1],"extracellular":[2],"vesicles":[3,110],"(EVs)":[4],"have":[5,22,234,244],"emerged":[6],"as":[7],"potential":[8,30,56,91,100,151,235,242],"nano-regulators":[9],"for":[10,28,236,247,253],"inter-kingdom":[11],"disease":[12],"regulations.":[13],"Safflower":[14,61],"is":[15,201],"a":[16,162,220,251],"medicinal":[17],"herb,":[18],"and":[19,72,89,129,176,189,209,227,241],"its":[20],"EVs":[21,58],"been":[23,39,245],"highlighted":[24],"in":[25,32,97,114,126,146,155,238],"previous":[26],"studies":[27],"their":[29,44],"application":[31],"cancer":[33,104,131,239],"treatment.":[34],"However,":[35],"no":[36],"research":[37],"has":[38],"conducted":[40],"to":[41,51],"specifically":[42],"assess":[43],"anti-cancer":[45],"properties.":[46,119],"Therefore,":[47],"this":[48,213],"study":[49,214],"aims":[50],"investigate":[52],"the":[53,170],"anticancer":[54,99,164],"therapeutic":[55],"of":[57,137,153,169,207],"derived":[59],"from":[60],"cell":[62,105,132,193],"suspension":[63],"cultures":[64],"(SFEVs).":[65],"SFEVs":[66,142,154,159,218,233],"were":[67],"successfully":[68],"isolated":[69],"by":[70,96,204],"ultrafiltration":[71],"characterized":[73,203],"using":[74],"transmission":[75],"electron":[76],"microscopy":[77],"(TEM),":[78],"nanoparticle":[79],"tracking":[80],"analysis":[81,101,136],"(NTA),":[82],"Fourier":[83],"transform":[84],"spectroscopy":[85],"(FTIR),":[86],"western":[87],"blotting,":[88],"zeta":[90],"measurement.":[92],"This":[93,198],"was":[94],"followed":[95],"vitro":[98],"on":[102],"multiple":[103],"lines.":[106,133],"Results":[107],"revealed":[108],"circular-to-oval":[109],"averaging":[111],"90.2":[112],"nm":[113],"size,":[115],"maintaining":[116],"stable":[117,221],"colloidal":[118],"Functional":[120],"assessments":[121],"showed":[122],"significant,":[123],"dose-dependent":[124],"cytotoxicity":[125],"HepG2,":[127],"HeLa,":[128],"A431":[130,138],"Moreover,":[134],"transcriptomic":[135],"cells":[139],"treated":[140],"with":[141,166,223],"reveals":[143],"extensive":[144],"reprogramming":[145],"oncogenic":[147],"signaling":[148],"pathways,":[149],"highlighting":[150],"targets":[152,243],"cancers,":[156],"indicating":[157],"that":[158,217,232],"treatment":[160],"initiates":[161],"multifaceted":[163],"response":[165],"significant":[167],"downregulation":[168],"ID":[171],"gene":[172],"family":[173],"(ID1,":[174],"ID2,":[175],"ID3),":[177],"which":[178],"can":[179,190],"potentially":[180],"induce":[181],"endoplasmic":[182],"reticulum":[183],"(ER)":[184],"stress":[185],"through":[186],"DDIT3":[187],"(CHOP),":[188],"possibly":[191],"promote":[192],"cycle":[194],"arrest":[195],"via":[196],"CDKN1A.":[197],"molecular":[199],"transformation":[200],"further":[202,254],"increased":[205],"expression":[206],"ERRFI1":[208],"TNFRSF10B.":[210],"In":[211],"conclusion,":[212],"clearly":[215],"illustrates":[216],"are":[219],"nano-composition":[222],"reliable":[224],"characterization":[225],"parameters":[226],"purity.":[228],"It":[229],"also":[230],"establishes":[231],"use":[237],"research,":[240,249],"identified":[246],"future":[248],"providing":[250],"path":[252],"research.":[255]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-11T12:16:26.678958","created_date":"2026-11-07T00:00:00"}