{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225412216","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/foods15213987","title":"Impact of Refinement on the Physicochemical, Structural, Functional, and Nutritional Properties of the Faba Bean (Vicia faba L.)","display_name":"Impact of Refinement on the Physicochemical, Structural, Functional, and Nutritional Properties of the Faba Bean (Vicia faba L.)","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225412216","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/foods15213987"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/foods15213987","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/foods15213987","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/foods15213987","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2737939966","display_name":"Foods","issn_l":"2304-8158","issn":["2304-8158"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Foods","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/foods15213987","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5099024036","display_name":"Nneka I. Ajomiwe","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-7665-8501","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0000-7665-8501"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51158804","display_name":"Massey University","ror":"https://ror.org/052czxv31","country_code":"NZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51158804"]}],"countries":["NZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nneka Ajomiwe","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Food Technology and Natural Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-7665-8501","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Food Technology and Natural Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51158804"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019378930","display_name":"Jaspreet Singh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5301-0953","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5301-0953","https://orcid.org/0009-0006-8413-7929"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210159946","display_name":"Riddet Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/053336823","country_code":"NZ","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1320288732","https://openalex.org/I154130895","https://openalex.org/I41125697","https://openalex.org/I4210159946","https://openalex.org/I4405260297","https://openalex.org/I51158804","https://openalex.org/I80281795"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51158804","display_name":"Massey University","ror":"https://ror.org/052czxv31","country_code":"NZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51158804"]}],"countries":["NZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jaspreet Singh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand","School of Food Technology and Natural Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210159946","https://openalex.org/I51158804"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Food Technology and Natural Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51158804"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013361382","display_name":"Lovedeep Kaur","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2789-0416","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2789-0416"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210159946","display_name":"Riddet Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/053336823","country_code":"NZ","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1320288732","https://openalex.org/I154130895","https://openalex.org/I41125697","https://openalex.org/I4210159946","https://openalex.org/I4405260297","https://openalex.org/I51158804","https://openalex.org/I80281795"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51158804","display_name":"Massey University","ror":"https://ror.org/052czxv31","country_code":"NZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51158804"]}],"countries":["NZ"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Lovedeep Kaur","raw_affiliation_strings":["Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand","School of Food Technology and Natural Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2789-0416","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210159946","https://openalex.org/I51158804"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Food Technology and Natural Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51158804"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5013361382"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210159946","https://openalex.org/I51158804"],"apc_list":{"value":2900,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3499},"apc_paid":{"value":2900,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3499},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"21","first_page":"3987","last_page":"3987"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10411","display_name":"Proteins in Food Systems","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1106","display_name":"Food Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10411","display_name":"Proteins in Food Systems","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1106","display_name":"Food Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10140","display_name":"Food composition and properties","score":0.0017000000225380063,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2916","display_name":"Nutrition and Dietetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/29","display_name":"Nursing"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14127","display_name":"Food Nutrient Composition and Product Development","score":0.001500000013038516,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1106","display_name":"Food Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vicia-faba","display_name":"Vicia faba","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/protein-isolates","display_name":"protein isolates","score":0.7440000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/protein-concentrate","display_name":"protein concentrate","score":0.9729999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/faba-bean-flour","display_name":"faba bean flour","score":0.9070000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/protein-functional-properties","display_name":"protein functional properties","score":0.7919999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/protein-solubility","display_name":"protein solubility","score":0.7789999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gelation","display_name":"gelation","score":0.8069999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/emulsification","display_name":"emulsification","score":0.9279999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/foam-stability","display_name":"foam stability","score":0.9120000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/water-and-oil-holding-capacity","display_name":"water and oil holding capacity","score":0.8330000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/protein-denaturation","display_name":"protein denaturation","score":0.8899999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermal-stability","display_name":"thermal stability","score":0.6790000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/essential-amino-acids","display_name":"essential amino acids","score":0.7609999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/plant-proteins","display_name":"plant proteins","score":0.527999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nutritional-properties","display_name":"nutritional properties","score":0.3799999952316284}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992233211","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131342","display_name":"Vicia faba","level":2,"score":0.8259999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31903555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1637030","display_name":"Food science","level":1,"score":0.6310999989509583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019009989","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8054","display_name":"Plant protein","level":2,"score":0.5584999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776923230","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16955798","display_name":"Denaturation (fissile materials)","level":2,"score":0.5551999807357788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C515207424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8066","display_name":"Amino acid","level":2,"score":0.5067999958992004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.44909998774528503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.3840999901294708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155574463","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170731","display_name":"Solubility","level":2,"score":0.3262999951839447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993156956","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q903485","display_name":"Protein isolate","level":2,"score":0.3174000084400177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779815552","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q484583","display_name":"Proline","level":3,"score":0.30379998683929443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777560085","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25105257","display_name":"Protein quality","level":2,"score":0.3037000000476837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.29899999499320984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40231798","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1333743","display_name":"Composition (language)","level":2,"score":0.2985999882221222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908525314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7571993","display_name":"Soybean Proteins","level":3,"score":0.2953999936580658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97564808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q425526","display_name":"Storage protein","level":3,"score":0.29420000314712524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197321923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4886","display_name":"Cultivar","level":2,"score":0.2892000079154968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.2831000089645386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020229070","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8054","display_name":"High protein","level":2,"score":0.2718999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.2689000070095062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778842127","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25106000","display_name":"Protein digestibility","level":2,"score":0.257099986076355}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/foods15213987","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/foods15213987","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/foods15213987","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2737939966","display_name":"Foods","issn_l":"2304-8158","issn":["2304-8158"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Foods","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/foods15213987","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/foods15213987","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/foods15213987","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2737939966","display_name":"Foods","issn_l":"2304-8158","issn":["2304-8158"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Foods","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Zero hunger","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","score":0.991100013256073}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321983","display_name":"Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment","ror":"https://ror.org/02jtq1b51"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":84,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W630490168","https://openalex.org/W875959356","https://openalex.org/W1970734270","https://openalex.org/W2004412782","https://openalex.org/W2005322043","https://openalex.org/W2069394394","https://openalex.org/W2085194326","https://openalex.org/W2086979977","https://openalex.org/W2129819073","https://openalex.org/W2142288122","https://openalex.org/W2153910702","https://openalex.org/W2156006361","https://openalex.org/W2591242253","https://openalex.org/W2599517856","https://openalex.org/W2604266670","https://openalex.org/W2790395471","https://openalex.org/W2793734971","https://openalex.org/W2799387233","https://openalex.org/W2800554470","https://openalex.org/W2900002617","https://openalex.org/W2945691926","https://openalex.org/W2969837019","https://openalex.org/W2969947517","https://openalex.org/W2970363550","https://openalex.org/W2972489499","https://openalex.org/W2997891452","https://openalex.org/W3002239458","https://openalex.org/W3007594563","https://openalex.org/W3011148769","https://openalex.org/W3019111010","https://openalex.org/W3042859909","https://openalex.org/W3047771380","https://openalex.org/W3081919631","https://openalex.org/W3124704177","https://openalex.org/W3124786416","https://openalex.org/W3128644963","https://openalex.org/W3134474407","https://openalex.org/W3147927022","https://openalex.org/W3194744765","https://openalex.org/W3214353055","https://openalex.org/W4205953615","https://openalex.org/W4213292393","https://openalex.org/W4224020108","https://openalex.org/W4224220999","https://openalex.org/W4224234250","https://openalex.org/W4224268399","https://openalex.org/W4283075709","https://openalex.org/W4294335352","https://openalex.org/W4308985068","https://openalex.org/W4310071246","https://openalex.org/W4310817632","https://openalex.org/W4312220012","https://openalex.org/W4317373223","https://openalex.org/W4321495199","https://openalex.org/W4321794881","https://openalex.org/W4361191742","https://openalex.org/W4382343243","https://openalex.org/W4384525898","https://openalex.org/W4386565695","https://openalex.org/W4387005253","https://openalex.org/W4387185638","https://openalex.org/W4388273478","https://openalex.org/W4388573201","https://openalex.org/W4391175263","https://openalex.org/W4391513987","https://openalex.org/W4391648768","https://openalex.org/W4392883806","https://openalex.org/W4393989618","https://openalex.org/W4394809150","https://openalex.org/W4396545950","https://openalex.org/W4396584154","https://openalex.org/W4396666436","https://openalex.org/W4396918805","https://openalex.org/W4399924066","https://openalex.org/W4399999897","https://openalex.org/W4402669338","https://openalex.org/W4405425932","https://openalex.org/W4410458480","https://openalex.org/W4410832021","https://openalex.org/W4413105133","https://openalex.org/W4416930648","https://openalex.org/W7085460996","https://openalex.org/W7115168551","https://openalex.org/W7124888180"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W6902903704","https://openalex.org/W4288068550","https://openalex.org/W4387901966","https://openalex.org/W4405934675","https://openalex.org/W3128812713","https://openalex.org/W7153990477","https://openalex.org/W4399924066","https://openalex.org/W4416938340","https://openalex.org/W4393989618","https://openalex.org/W7223469946"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,79],"faba":[1,4,44,63,187,206],"bean":[2,45,64,188,207],"(Vicia":[3],"L.)":[5],"is":[6,66],"emerging":[7],"as":[8,31],"a":[9,19],"sustainable":[10],"protein":[11,17,48,52,60,76,106,197],"source,":[12],"with":[13,147,161],"up":[14],"to":[15,24,57,99,180],"32%":[16],"and":[18,40,51,71,81,85,92,95,104,118,125,133,166,174,204],"high":[20],"fibre":[21],"content,":[22],"comparable":[23],"that":[25,108,193],"of":[26,43,136,202],"mainstream":[27],"plant":[28],"proteins":[29],"such":[30],"peas.":[32],"This":[33],"study":[34,191],"assessed":[35],"the":[36,134,181,200],"physicochemical,":[37],"thermal,":[38],"techno-functional,":[39],"nutritional":[41],"properties":[42],"flour":[46],"(FBF),":[47],"concentrates":[49],"(FBPC),":[50],"isolates":[53],"(FBPI).":[54],"It":[55],"aimed":[56],"determine":[58],"whether":[59],"functionality":[61,194],"in":[62,151],"derivatives":[65],"governed":[67],"by":[68,75],"matrix":[69],"composition":[70],"processing":[72,175],"methods":[73],"or":[74],"purity":[77],"alone.":[78],"unrefined":[80,203],"semi-refined":[82,205],"fractions":[83],"(FBF":[84],"FBPC)":[86],"demonstrated":[87],"superior":[88],"solubility,":[89],"stronger":[90],"gelation,":[91],"enhanced":[93],"emulsification":[94],"foaming":[96],"stabilities,":[97],"attributed":[98],"water-soluble":[100,164],"albumins,":[101],"native":[102],"polysaccharides,":[103],"intact":[105],"structures":[107],"promote":[109],"intermolecular":[110],"interactions.":[111],"In":[112],"contrast,":[113],"FBPI":[114],"showed":[115],"greater":[116],"water-":[117],"oil-holding":[119],"capacities,":[120],"but":[121],"its":[122],"reduced":[123],"solubility":[124],"poor":[126],"gel":[127],"strength":[128],"likely":[129],"resulted":[130],"from":[131],"denaturation":[132,149],"loss":[135],"functional":[137],"components":[138],"during":[139],"processing.":[140],"Thermal":[141],"analysis":[142],"further":[143],"supported":[144],"these":[145],"findings,":[146],"higher":[148],"temperatures":[150],"FBF":[152],"indicating":[153],"better":[154],"stability.":[155],"Despite":[156],"increased":[157],"essential":[158],"amino":[159,168],"acids":[160,169],"refining,":[162],"valuable":[163],"albumins":[165],"non-essential":[167],"were":[170],"lost.":[171],"While":[172],"cultivar":[173],"differences":[176],"may":[177],"have":[178],"contributed":[179],"observed":[182],"variations":[183],"among":[184],"commercially":[185],"sourced":[186],"derivatives,":[189],"this":[190],"demonstrates":[192],"extends":[195],"beyond":[196],"purity,":[198],"highlighting":[199],"benefits":[201],"ingredients":[208],"across":[209],"various":[210],"food":[211],"applications.":[212]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-08T12:12:28.789561","created_date":"2026-11-07T00:00:00"}
