{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225410122","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nxener.2026.101125","title":"Nanofluids in PV and PV/T systems: A critical review of performance, stability, thermodynamics, and emerging technologies","display_name":"Nanofluids in PV and PV/T systems: A critical review of performance, stability, thermodynamics, and emerging technologies","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225410122","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nxener.2026.101125"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.nxener.2026.101125","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nxener.2026.101125","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nxener.2026.101125","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4387287365","display_name":"Next Energy","issn_l":"2949-821X","issn":["2949-821X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Next Energy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nxener.2026.101125","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101519362","display_name":"Amir Sohail","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3240-876X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3240-876X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173207729","display_name":"University of Engineering and Technology Taxila","ror":"https://ror.org/03v00ka07","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173207729"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Aamir Sohail","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Taxila, Taxila 47050, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3240-876X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Taxila, Taxila 47050, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173207729"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101519362"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173207729"],"apc_list":{"value":1280,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1280},"apc_paid":{"value":1280,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1280},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":null,"first_page":"101125","last_page":"101125"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10905","display_name":"Solar Thermal and Photovoltaic Systems","score":0.975600004196167,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2105","display_name":"Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10905","display_name":"Solar Thermal and Photovoltaic Systems","score":0.975600004196167,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2105","display_name":"Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10104","display_name":"Nanofluid Flow and Heat Transfer","score":0.020999999716877937,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1507","display_name":"Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/15","display_name":"Chemical Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10998","display_name":"Heat Transfer and Optimization","score":0.00039999998989515007,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nanofluids","display_name":"nanofluids","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photovoltaic-systems","display_name":"photovoltaic systems","score":0.9169999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermal-management","display_name":"thermal management","score":0.7580000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-temperature-reduction","display_name":"operating temperature reduction","score":0.7039999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-efficiency","display_name":"electrical efficiency","score":0.7559999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heat-recovery","display_name":"heat recovery","score":0.7730000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nanofluid-stability","display_name":"nanofluid stability","score":0.8190000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nanoparticle-agglomeration","display_name":"nanoparticle agglomeration","score":0.9210000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heat-pipes","display_name":"heat pipes","score":0.6169999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microchannel-cooling","display_name":"microchannel cooling","score":0.734000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/jet-impingement-cooling","display_name":"jet impingement cooling","score":0.9010000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exergy-analysis","display_name":"exergy analysis","score":0.703000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/techno-economic-performance","display_name":"techno-economic performance","score":0.6169999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mxene","display_name":"MXene","score":0.671999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hybrid-nanofluid","display_name":"hybrid nanofluid","score":0.828000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carbon-nanomaterials","display_name":"carbon nanomaterials","score":0.8140000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metal-oxide-nanofluids","display_name":"metal oxide nanofluids","score":0.7990000247955322}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21946209","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1989679","display_name":"Nanofluid","level":3,"score":0.5756000280380249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.3513000011444092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171250308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468","display_name":"Nanotechnology","level":1,"score":0.3499000072479248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207267971","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120208","display_name":"Emerging technologies","level":2,"score":0.3197999894618988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.28189998865127563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.27129998803138733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.23839999735355377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21880701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2144042","display_name":"Process engineering","level":1,"score":0.23759999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.20440000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777986313","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1661989","display_name":"Industry 4.0","level":2,"score":0.2012999951839447}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.nxener.2026.101125","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nxener.2026.101125","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nxener.2026.101125","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4387287365","display_name":"Next Energy","issn_l":"2949-821X","issn":["2949-821X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Next Energy","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:8103e26162534516a5c3a61cdf8cba33","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/8103e26162534516a5c3a61cdf8cba33","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Next Energy, Vol 14, Iss , Pp 101125- (2027)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.nxener.2026.101125","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nxener.2026.101125","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nxener.2026.101125","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4387287365","display_name":"Next Energy","issn_l":"2949-821X","issn":["2949-821X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Next Energy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"},{"score":0.46149998903274536,"display_name":"Climate action","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":110,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2067164947","https://openalex.org/W2592275233","https://openalex.org/W2612110165","https://openalex.org/W2808785949","https://openalex.org/W2893598182","https://openalex.org/W3005993045","https://openalex.org/W3009771939","https://openalex.org/W3035534899","https://openalex.org/W3108381939","https://openalex.org/W3125998531","https://openalex.org/W3126279443","https://openalex.org/W3130110224","https://openalex.org/W3135123337","https://openalex.org/W3168683613","https://openalex.org/W3202460232","https://openalex.org/W3208048564","https://openalex.org/W3210622771","https://openalex.org/W4200434445","https://openalex.org/W4206333492","https://openalex.org/W4220746282","https://openalex.org/W4220755386","https://openalex.org/W4220842420","https://openalex.org/W4221134031","https://openalex.org/W4281692681","https://openalex.org/W4281762419","https://openalex.org/W4282977415","https://openalex.org/W4285122660","https://openalex.org/W4289261684","https://openalex.org/W4292289186","https://openalex.org/W4293194767","https://openalex.org/W4295018162","https://openalex.org/W4312002236","https://openalex.org/W4312084661","https://openalex.org/W4322720921","https://openalex.org/W4322765928","https://openalex.org/W4361226651","https://openalex.org/W4366778787","https://openalex.org/W4376126501","https://openalex.org/W4382584448","https://openalex.org/W4383913219","https://openalex.org/W4385651179","https://openalex.org/W4385830466","https://openalex.org/W4386569825","https://openalex.org/W4387121771","https://openalex.org/W4387698537","https://openalex.org/W4388574105","https://openalex.org/W4388817570","https://openalex.org/W4389148993","https://openalex.org/W4389505067","https://openalex.org/W4390128408","https://openalex.org/W4391074171","https://openalex.org/W4391217954","https://openalex.org/W4393063376","https://openalex.org/W4396578922","https://openalex.org/W4396622014","https://openalex.org/W4396637386","https://openalex.org/W4396867500","https://openalex.org/W4399297149","https://openalex.org/W4400380860","https://openalex.org/W4401214931","https://openalex.org/W4401258981","https://openalex.org/W4402664245","https://openalex.org/W4403348255","https://openalex.org/W4404278170","https://openalex.org/W4404563283","https://openalex.org/W4404579035","https://openalex.org/W4404687596","https://openalex.org/W4404791525","https://openalex.org/W4405143056","https://openalex.org/W4405860877","https://openalex.org/W4406213646","https://openalex.org/W4407400114","https://openalex.org/W4407979505","https://openalex.org/W4408217896","https://openalex.org/W4408307540","https://openalex.org/W4408559087","https://openalex.org/W4408733775","https://openalex.org/W4408764850","https://openalex.org/W4408934135","https://openalex.org/W4409486304","https://openalex.org/W4410008523","https://openalex.org/W4410487430","https://openalex.org/W4410501567","https://openalex.org/W4411347153","https://openalex.org/W4411399535","https://openalex.org/W4411845896","https://openalex.org/W4413147911","https://openalex.org/W4413453522","https://openalex.org/W4413968007","https://openalex.org/W4414243333","https://openalex.org/W4414302731","https://openalex.org/W4414784640","https://openalex.org/W4415000547","https://openalex.org/W4415530522","https://openalex.org/W4415899072","https://openalex.org/W4417213188","https://openalex.org/W7081948760","https://openalex.org/W7083591456","https://openalex.org/W7084598415","https://openalex.org/W7101441554","https://openalex.org/W7104405101","https://openalex.org/W7114767556","https://openalex.org/W7120148098","https://openalex.org/W7124420895","https://openalex.org/W7125614812","https://openalex.org/W7125926027","https://openalex.org/W7127316170","https://openalex.org/W7127416795","https://openalex.org/W7133317489","https://openalex.org/W7133547950"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4376486000","https://openalex.org/W4205301338","https://openalex.org/W6997095532","https://openalex.org/W3110866814","https://openalex.org/W2975098088","https://openalex.org/W3173175563","https://openalex.org/W7204474318","https://openalex.org/W7213972263","https://openalex.org/W4307123935","https://openalex.org/W3198546742"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Photovoltaic":[0],"(PV)":[1],"and":[2,21,25,63,72,80,92,98,113,136,139,147,166,179,192,209,212,226,234],"PV\u2013thermal":[3],"(PV/T)":[4],"systems":[5,43],"are":[6,102,116,150,195],"increasingly":[7],"important":[8],"for":[9,37,61,231],"sustainable":[10],"energy":[11,134,138],"generation.":[12],"However,":[13,153],"elevated":[14],"operating":[15,126,148],"temperatures":[16],"reduce":[17,124],"PV":[18,42,62,233],"electrical":[19,39,129],"efficiency":[20],"affect":[22],"the":[23],"thermal":[24,32,133],"overall":[26],"performance":[27,141],"of":[28,184],"these":[29,154],"systems.":[30,51],"Effective":[31],"management":[33],"is":[34,171],"therefore":[35,172],"essential":[36],"improving":[38],"output":[40],"in":[41,49,58],"while":[44],"simultaneously":[45],"enhancing":[46],"heat":[47,96],"recovery":[48],"PV/T":[50,64,100,235],"This":[52],"review":[53],"critically":[54,117],"examines":[55],"recent":[56],"developments":[57,105],"nanofluid-assisted":[59],"cooling":[60,85,89,145,229],"systems,":[65,95],"focusing":[66],"on":[67,221],"thermal,":[68],"electrical,":[69],"hydraulic,":[70],"thermodynamic,":[71],"techno-economic":[73],"performance,":[74],"as":[75,77],"well":[76],"nanofluid":[78],"stability":[79],"emerging":[81],"computational":[82,185],"technologies.":[83],"Various":[84],"configurations,":[86,146],"including":[87],"backside":[88],"plates,":[90],"mini-":[91],"microchannels,":[93],"jet-impingement":[94],"pipes,":[97],"advanced":[99],"collectors,":[101],"discussed.":[103],"Recent":[104,182],"involving":[106],"metal":[107],"oxides,":[108],"carbon-based":[109],"nanomaterials,":[110],"MXene,":[111],"hybrid,":[112],"ternary":[114],"nanofluids":[115,123],"reviewed.":[118],"The":[119],"literature":[120],"indicates":[121],"that":[122],"PV/PV/T":[125],"temperatures,":[127],"improve":[128,137],"efficiency,":[130],"enhance":[131],"useful":[132],"recovery,":[135],"exergy":[140],"when":[142],"nanoparticle":[143,175],"characteristics,":[144],"conditions":[149],"properly":[151],"optimized.":[152],"benefits":[155],"may":[156],"be":[157],"accompanied":[158],"by":[159],"increased":[160],"viscosity,":[161],"pressure":[162],"drop,":[163],"pumping":[164],"power,":[165],"stability-related":[167],"problems.":[168],"Particular":[169],"attention":[170],"given":[173],"to":[174],"agglomeration,":[176],"sedimentation,":[177],"fouling,":[178],"long-term":[180,204],"reliability.":[181],"applications":[183],"fluid":[186],"dynamics,":[187],"artificial":[188],"intelligence,":[189],"machine":[190],"learning,":[191],"optimization":[193],"techniques":[194],"also":[196],"examined.":[197],"Although":[198],"significant":[199],"improvements":[200],"have":[201],"been":[202],"reported,":[203],"outdoor":[205],"validation,":[206],"standardized":[207],"testing,":[208],"comprehensive":[210],"economic":[211],"environmental":[213],"assessments":[214],"remain":[215],"limited.":[216],"Future":[217],"development":[218],"should":[219],"focus":[220],"stable,":[222],"low-cost,":[223],"environmentally":[224],"responsible,":[225],"scalable":[227],"nanofluid-based":[228],"technologies":[230],"practical":[232],"applications.":[236]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-11T12:16:26.678958","created_date":"2026-11-07T00:00:00"}