{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225410061","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/land15112119","title":"Rocky Desertification Sensitivity Changes and Management Zoning in the Guilin Karst World Natural Heritage Site","display_name":"Rocky Desertification Sensitivity Changes and Management Zoning in the Guilin Karst World Natural Heritage Site","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225410061","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/land15112119"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/land15112119","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/land15112119","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/land15112119","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2738397068","display_name":"Land","issn_l":"2073-445X","issn":["2073-445X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Land","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/land15112119","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077999114","display_name":"Jinlong Hu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I38706770","display_name":"Guilin University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03z391397","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I38706770"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jinlong Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Tourism & Landscape Architecture, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Tourism & Landscape Architecture, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I38706770"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5160999611","display_name":"Zaixian Yang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I38706770","display_name":"Guilin University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03z391397","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I38706770"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zaixian Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Tourism & Landscape Architecture, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Tourism & Landscape Architecture, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I38706770"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100436103","display_name":"Lei Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1887-6222","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1887-6222"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I38706770","display_name":"Guilin University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03z391397","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I38706770"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lei Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Tourism & Landscape Architecture, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Tourism & Landscape Architecture, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I38706770"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161041762","display_name":"Zhuoya Zhou","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I38706770","display_name":"Guilin University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03z391397","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I38706770"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhuoya Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Tourism & Landscape Architecture, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Tourism & Landscape Architecture, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I38706770"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012968729","display_name":"\u7f57\u7537","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I38706770","display_name":"Guilin University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03z391397","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I38706770"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Nan Luo","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Tourism & Landscape Architecture, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Tourism & Landscape Architecture, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I38706770"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5012968729"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I38706770"],"apc_list":{"value":2600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3137},"apc_paid":{"value":2600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3137},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"11","first_page":"2119","last_page":"2119"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12083","display_name":"Karst Systems and Hydrogeology","score":0.9922000169754028,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1904","display_name":"Earth-Surface Processes"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12083","display_name":"Karst Systems and Hydrogeology","score":0.9922000169754028,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1904","display_name":"Earth-Surface Processes"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12456","display_name":"Geotourism and Geoheritage Conservation","score":0.0038999998942017555,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1907","display_name":"Geology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10889","display_name":"Soil erosion and sediment transport","score":0.0019000000320374966,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1111","display_name":"Soil Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rocky-desertification","display_name":"rocky desertification","score":0.9789999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/desertification-sensitivity","display_name":"desertification sensitivity","score":0.6729999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/karst-land-degradation","display_name":"karst land degradation","score":0.6740000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sensitivity-index","display_name":"sensitivity index","score":0.6610000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spatiotemporal-variation","display_name":"spatiotemporal variation","score":0.9589999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spatial-clustering","display_name":"spatial clustering","score":0.7979999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/elevation","display_name":"altitude","score":0.4650000035762787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/land-use-intensity","display_name":"land use intensity","score":0.8330000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/precipitation","display_name":"precipitation","score":0.625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tourism-potential","display_name":"tourism potential","score":0.7379999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/restoration-prioritization","display_name":"restoration prioritization","score":0.7900000214576721}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182348080","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16817","display_name":"Karst","level":2,"score":0.6765000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C520944541","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q702232","display_name":"Zoning","level":2,"score":0.6456000208854675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33559203","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183481","display_name":"Desertification","level":2,"score":0.5616999864578247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.4918000102043152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113052830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3497778","display_name":"Land degradation","level":3,"score":0.48809999227523804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.4499000012874603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100970517","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52107","display_name":"Physical geography","level":1,"score":0.4447000026702881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107054158","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25257","display_name":"Precipitation","level":2,"score":0.44179999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4792198","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1165944","display_name":"Land use","level":2,"score":0.43650001287460327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37054046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q641888","display_name":"Elevation (ballistics)","level":2,"score":0.42809998989105225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780648208","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3001793","display_name":"Land cover","level":3,"score":0.396699994802475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777601987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5283581","display_name":"Disturbance (geology)","level":2,"score":0.3822999894618988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39410599","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3433179","display_name":"Natural hazard","level":2,"score":0.3625999987125397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76886044","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2883300","display_name":"Hydrology (agriculture)","level":2,"score":0.3578999936580658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18918823","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q49389","display_name":"Tourism","level":2,"score":0.335099995136261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776608160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4785462","display_name":"Natural (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.33090001344680786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108497213","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q271669","display_name":"Landform","level":2,"score":0.3093999922275543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776898743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18353408","display_name":"Topographic Wetness Index","level":3,"score":0.30820000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94747663","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7574086","display_name":"Spatial variability","level":2,"score":0.3001999855041504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173727882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5153620","display_name":"Common spatial pattern","level":2,"score":0.2989000082015991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777060688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q386426","display_name":"Natural heritage","level":3,"score":0.29829999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C526734887","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q832237","display_name":"Environmental protection","level":1,"score":0.2870999872684479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C552854447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131201","display_name":"Sustainable development","level":2,"score":0.28119999170303345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132651083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7942","display_name":"Climate change","level":2,"score":0.2721000015735626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159620131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1938983","display_name":"Spatial analysis","level":2,"score":0.26840001344680786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191935318","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q148","display_name":"China","level":2,"score":0.26739999651908875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777341207","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23583238","display_name":"Sustainable land management","level":4,"score":0.26170000433921814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21200559","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7451068","display_name":"Sensitivity (control systems)","level":2,"score":0.260699987411499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107826830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q929380","display_name":"Environmental resource management","level":1,"score":0.2500999867916107}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/land15112119","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/land15112119","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/land15112119","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2738397068","display_name":"Land","issn_l":"2073-445X","issn":["2073-445X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Land","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/land15112119","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/land15112119","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/land15112119","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2738397068","display_name":"Land","issn_l":"2073-445X","issn":["2073-445X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Land","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Life on land","score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15"},{"display_name":"Climate action","score":0.46149998903274536,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":45,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1981575281","https://openalex.org/W2066849273","https://openalex.org/W2803566193","https://openalex.org/W2887024487","https://openalex.org/W2922939373","https://openalex.org/W3024110832","https://openalex.org/W4200189368","https://openalex.org/W4304592590","https://openalex.org/W4308118134","https://openalex.org/W4311221118","https://openalex.org/W4319460197","https://openalex.org/W4327545082","https://openalex.org/W4360985163","https://openalex.org/W4361285446","https://openalex.org/W4381620409","https://openalex.org/W4385657334","https://openalex.org/W4385824724","https://openalex.org/W4386884757","https://openalex.org/W4387973528","https://openalex.org/W4391878338","https://openalex.org/W4392146577","https://openalex.org/W4395096614","https://openalex.org/W4395450212","https://openalex.org/W4396990611","https://openalex.org/W4401546157","https://openalex.org/W4402006734","https://openalex.org/W4402228764","https://openalex.org/W4402313220","https://openalex.org/W4403146351","https://openalex.org/W4404558609","https://openalex.org/W4407121926","https://openalex.org/W4408242924","https://openalex.org/W4409252979","https://openalex.org/W4410466460","https://openalex.org/W4412032163","https://openalex.org/W4413154524","https://openalex.org/W4414401377","https://openalex.org/W4414905222","https://openalex.org/W4415675709","https://openalex.org/W4416214845","https://openalex.org/W4416768038","https://openalex.org/W6940556552","https://openalex.org/W7118074340","https://openalex.org/W7172528554","https://openalex.org/W7222426388"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2375616400","https://openalex.org/W2365901701","https://openalex.org/W3016078702","https://openalex.org/W2394234186","https://openalex.org/W2257170526","https://openalex.org/W2368877906","https://openalex.org/W7162089231","https://openalex.org/W4393159732","https://openalex.org/W2092693659","https://openalex.org/W2381416269"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Identifying":[0],"changes":[1,72,107],"in":[2,17,163,187,316],"rocky":[3,55],"desertification":[4,56],"sensitivity":[5,27,57,84,104,270,283],"is":[6],"an":[7],"important":[8],"basis":[9],"for":[10,44,60,244,297],"land":[11],"degradation":[12],"prevention":[13,34],"and":[14,35,73,78,97,115,167,202,214,238,246,259,261,290,307,312],"sustainable":[15],"use":[16,241,262,315],"karst":[18],"World":[19,64],"Natural":[20,65],"Heritage":[21,66],"sites.":[22],"This":[23],"study":[24,225],"incorporates":[25],"recent":[26,278,285],"deterioration":[28,151],"into":[29,230],"zoning":[30,101],"rules":[31],"to":[32,50,110,129,148,156,254],"distinguish":[33],"restoration":[36,310],"priorities":[37,296],"under":[38],"conservation":[39,236,260],"constraints.":[40,119],"Using":[41],"multisource":[42],"data":[43],"five":[45,165,231],"observation":[46],"years":[47],"from":[48,108,127,146,154],"2005":[49],"2023,":[51,111],"we":[52],"constructed":[53],"the":[54,61,70,79,133,144,182,210,217,272],"index":[58],"(RDSI)":[59],"Guilin":[62],"Karst":[63],"Site.":[67],"We":[68],"analysed":[69],"spatiotemporal":[71],"spatial":[74,161,184,295],"clustering":[75,162],"of":[76,81,135,143,196,212,303,309],"RDSI":[77,125,158],"composition":[80],"its":[82],"dominant":[83],"components.":[85],"The":[86,224,249],"optimal":[87],"parameter-based":[88],"geographical":[89],"detector":[90],"then":[91],"assessed":[92],"associations":[93],"with":[94,123,190,277],"external":[95,178],"factors":[96],"their":[98],"interactions.":[99],"Management":[100],"integrated":[102],"2023":[103],"classes,":[105,284],"class":[106],"2020":[109,155],"tourism":[112,287],"development":[113,288],"potential":[114,289],"core":[116,298],"zone":[117,299],"protection":[118,291],"Sensitivity":[120],"declined":[121],"overall,":[122],"mean":[124,193,203,219],"falling":[126],"4.112":[128],"3.540":[130],"(13.91%),":[131],"although":[132],"direction":[134],"change":[136],"varied":[137],"among":[138,234],"periods.":[139],"Improvement":[140],"covered":[141,152],"36.47%":[142],"area":[145,226],"2015":[147],"2020,":[149],"whereas":[150],"17.49%":[153],"2023.":[157],"showed":[159,208],"significant":[160],"all":[164],"years,":[166],"types":[168],"dominated":[169],"by":[170,199],"slope":[171],"or":[172],"fractional":[173],"rock":[174],"cover":[175],"predominated.":[176],"Among":[177],"factors,":[179],"elevation":[180,215],"had":[181,216],"highest":[183,218],"explanatory":[185],"power":[186],"every":[188],"year,":[189],"a":[191],"multiyear":[192],"q":[194,221],"value":[195,222],"0.362,":[197],"followed":[198],"land-use":[200],"intensity":[201],"annual":[204],"temperature.":[205],"Interaction":[206],"detection":[207],"that":[209,268],"combination":[211],"precipitation":[213],"joint":[220],"(0.465).":[223],"was":[227],"ultimately":[228],"divided":[229],"management":[232],"zones,":[233],"which":[235],"maintenance":[237],"low":[239,313],"disturbance":[240,314],"predominated,":[242],"accounting":[243],"42.83%":[245],"27.29%,":[247],"respectively.":[248],"remaining":[250],"areas":[251],"were":[252],"assigned":[253],"risk":[255],"prevention,":[256],"priority":[257],"restoration,":[258],"coordination":[263],"zones.":[264],"These":[265],"findings":[266],"show":[267],"declining":[269],"over":[271],"long":[273],"term":[274],"can":[275],"coexist":[276],"localised":[279],"deterioration.":[280],"Integrating":[281],"current":[282],"change,":[286],"constraints":[292],"helps":[293],"identify":[294],"conservation,":[300],"field":[301],"verification":[302],"recently":[304],"deteriorating":[305],"patches":[306],"assessment":[308],"needs,":[311],"peripheral":[317],"areas.":[318]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-08T12:12:28.789561","created_date":"2026-11-07T00:00:00"}