{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225408690","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20008066.2026.2751283","title":"Sense of coherence is associated with ICD-11 complex PTSD among North Korean defectors","display_name":"Sense of coherence is associated with ICD-11 complex PTSD among North Korean defectors","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225408690","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20008066.2026.2751283","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42992514"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/20008066.2026.2751283","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20008066.2026.2751283","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20008066.2026.2751283","pdf_url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/20008066.2026.2751283?needAccess=true","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2737785665","display_name":"European Journal of Psychotraumatology","issn_l":"2000-8066","issn":["2000-8066","2000-818X","2000-8198"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-2","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"European Journal of Psychotraumatology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/20008066.2026.2751283?needAccess=true","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052508141","display_name":"Subin Park","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4464-1347","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4464-1347"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193775966","display_name":"Yonsei University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wjejq96","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193775966"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Subin Park","raw_affiliation_strings":["Yonsei University"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4464-1347","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Yonsei University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193775966"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004085562","display_name":"Ocksim Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3035-9650","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3035-9650"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193775966","display_name":"Yonsei University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wjejq96","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193775966"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ocksim Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Yonsei University"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3035-9650","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Yonsei University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193775966"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037475031","display_name":"JiYeon Choi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1947-7952","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1947-7952"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193775966","display_name":"Yonsei University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wjejq96","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193775966"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"JiYeon Choi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Yonsei University"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1947-7952","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Yonsei University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193775966"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009881070","display_name":"Sang Hui Chu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6877-5599","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6877-5599"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193775966","display_name":"Yonsei University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wjejq96","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193775966"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Sang Hui Chu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Yonsei University"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6877-5599","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Yonsei University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193775966"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5009881070"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193775966"],"apc_list":{"value":1390,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":1704},"apc_paid":{"value":1390,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":1704},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":"1","first_page":"2751283","last_page":"2751283"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10762","display_name":"Migration, Health and Trauma","score":0.42719998955726624,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10762","display_name":"Migration, Health and Trauma","score":0.42719998955726624,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10242","display_name":"Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research","score":0.3345000147819519,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12947","display_name":"Health, psychology, and well-being","score":0.19259999692440033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3600","display_name":"General Health Professions"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sense-of-coherence","display_name":"sense of coherence","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/complex-posttraumatic-stress-disorder","display_name":"complex PTSD","score":0.9369999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/posttraumatic-stress-disorder","display_name":"post-traumatic stress disorder","score":0.9200000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/north-korean-defectors","display_name":"North Korean defectors","score":0.9599999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/icd-11","display_name":"ICD-11","score":0.8519999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/depression","display_name":"depression","score":0.5519999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anxiety","display_name":"anxiety","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trauma-exposure","display_name":"trauma exposure","score":0.6589999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mental-health","display_name":"mental health","score":0.5139999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychological-adjustment","display_name":"psychological adjustment","score":0.6880000233650208}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.6446999907493591},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134362201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q317309","display_name":"Mental health","level":2,"score":0.6244999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70410870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199906","display_name":"Clinical psychology","level":1,"score":0.6093999743461609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151956035","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1132755","display_name":"Logistic regression","level":2,"score":0.5795999765396118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776867660","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1814941","display_name":"Depression (economics)","level":2,"score":0.57669997215271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C558461103","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q154430","display_name":"Anxiety","level":2,"score":0.5040000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143095724","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q515895","display_name":"Odds","level":3,"score":0.45899999141693115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779356329","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q922625","display_name":"Checklist","level":2,"score":0.4244000017642975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142853389","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q744778","display_name":"Association (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.42329999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2991847609","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202387","display_name":"Posttraumatic stress","level":2,"score":0.38920000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C156957248","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1862216","display_name":"Odds ratio","level":2,"score":0.34450000524520874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779911313","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q845224","display_name":"Generalized anxiety disorder","level":3,"score":0.3411000072956085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.33959999680519104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117220453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5172842","display_name":"Correlation","level":2,"score":0.32409998774528503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778159538","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16920843","display_name":"Traumatic stress","level":2,"score":0.3125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776317618","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q544006","display_name":"Anxiety disorder","level":3,"score":0.3093000054359436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780051608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42844","display_name":"Major depressive disorder","level":3,"score":0.29840001463890076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019858935","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4340209","display_name":"Depressive symptoms","level":3,"score":0.2912999987602234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.2768999934196472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779159551","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1414874","display_name":"Comorbidity","level":2,"score":0.2669999897480011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205545832","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17156455","display_name":"Young adult","level":2,"score":0.2597000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778529449","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1778909","display_name":"Patient Health Questionnaire","level":4,"score":0.25589999556541443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87227347","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7100713","display_name":"Ordered logit","level":2,"score":0.25130000710487366}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003430","descriptor_name":"Cross-Sectional Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012036","descriptor_name":"Refugees","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013313","descriptor_name":"Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D038801","descriptor_name":"International Classification of Diseases","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D056910","descriptor_name":"Republic of Korea","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D056911","descriptor_name":"Democratic People's Republic of Korea","qualifier_ui":"Q000208","qualifier_name":"ethnology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D060685","descriptor_name":"Sense of Coherence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/20008066.2026.2751283","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20008066.2026.2751283","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20008066.2026.2751283","pdf_url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/20008066.2026.2751283?needAccess=true","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2737785665","display_name":"European Journal of Psychotraumatology","issn_l":"2000-8066","issn":["2000-8066","2000-818X","2000-8198"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-2","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"European Journal of Psychotraumatology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:42992514","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42992514","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"European journal of psychotraumatology","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:c7a11f29dd954b9194b55544b6c5924a","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/c7a11f29dd954b9194b55544b6c5924a","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"European Journal of Psychotraumatology, Vol 17, Iss 1 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/20008066.2026.2751283","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20008066.2026.2751283","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20008066.2026.2751283","pdf_url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/20008066.2026.2751283?needAccess=true","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2737785665","display_name":"European Journal of Psychotraumatology","issn_l":"2000-8066","issn":["2000-8066","2000-818X","2000-8198"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-2","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"European Journal of Psychotraumatology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":1.0,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.6601999998092651,"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7788778009","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RS-2024-00341793","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328359","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8964336185","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RS-2024-00451984","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G9000851691","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RS-2024-00341793","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320671","display_name":"National Research Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/05s0g1g46"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321314","display_name":"Yonsei University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wjejq96"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/013aysd81"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328359","display_name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/01wpjm123"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320329006","display_name":"Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/05v8z6a72"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336995","display_name":"College of Nursing, Yonsei University","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7225408690.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7225408690.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1965486430","https://openalex.org/W1975764026","https://openalex.org/W1983748648","https://openalex.org/W2062225141","https://openalex.org/W2084596397","https://openalex.org/W2093840307","https://openalex.org/W2114488868","https://openalex.org/W2143141990","https://openalex.org/W2167811530","https://openalex.org/W2325398379","https://openalex.org/W2777377271","https://openalex.org/W2790549978","https://openalex.org/W2892364332","https://openalex.org/W2896578979","https://openalex.org/W2908444276","https://openalex.org/W2910234404","https://openalex.org/W2953505341","https://openalex.org/W3004121970","https://openalex.org/W3019428281","https://openalex.org/W3047493740","https://openalex.org/W3052243840","https://openalex.org/W3092289345","https://openalex.org/W3128720334","https://openalex.org/W4200318856","https://openalex.org/W4205640962","https://openalex.org/W4303432977","https://openalex.org/W4304084104","https://openalex.org/W4316468258","https://openalex.org/W4317821484","https://openalex.org/W4388955125","https://openalex.org/W4407329919","https://openalex.org/W4408386251"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4303432977","https://openalex.org/W3094956367","https://openalex.org/W1910554734","https://openalex.org/W2744284596","https://openalex.org/W2046727685","https://openalex.org/W7154106898","https://openalex.org/W2013387291","https://openalex.org/W2147680290","https://openalex.org/W2358930965","https://openalex.org/W2152018967"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Background:":[0],"North":[1],"Korean":[2,101],"defectors":[3],"(NKDs)":[4],"are":[5,286],"exposed":[6],"to":[7,31,47,110,288],"multiple":[8],"traumatic":[9,111],"events":[10,112],"and":[11,39,51,67,78,85,113,121,125,131,156,185,199],"post-resettlement":[12],"stressors,":[13],"placing":[14],"them":[15],"at":[16],"elevated":[17],"risk":[18],"for":[19,151,238,275],"stress-related":[20],"mental":[21,49,132],"health":[22,50,133],"problems.":[23],"Sense":[24],"of":[25,103,107,117,172,226,293],"coherence":[26],"(SOC)":[27],"reflects":[28],"the":[29,100,290],"extent":[30],"which":[32],"individuals":[33],"perceive":[34],"life":[35],"as":[36],"comprehensible,":[37],"manageable,":[38],"meaningful.":[40],"Higher":[41],"SOC":[42,76,130,140,160,165,204,207,219,243,255,268],"has":[43],"been":[44],"consistently":[45],"linked":[46],"better":[48],"psychological":[52],"adaptation":[53],"across":[54],"diverse":[55],"populations.":[56],"However,":[57],"its":[58],"association":[59],"with":[60,81,144,170,195,223,259],"ICD-11":[61,82],"defined":[62,83],"post-traumatic":[63],"stress":[64],"disorder":[65],"(PTSD)":[66],"complex":[68],"PTSD":[69,84,146,186,212],"(CPTSD)":[70],"remains":[71],"underexplored.Objective:":[72],"This":[73],"study":[74],"examined":[75,127],"levels":[77],"their":[79],"associations":[80,128],"CPTSD":[86,148,177,200,228,261],"in":[87,90],"NKDs":[88,98,280],"residing":[89],"South":[91],"Korea.Methods:":[92],"In":[93,214],"this":[94],"cross-sectional":[95],"study,":[96],"202":[97],"completed":[99],"version":[102],"SOC-13,":[104],"a":[105,271],"checklist":[106],"lifetime":[108],"exposure":[109],"ICD-11-aligned":[114],"self-report":[115],"measures":[116],"depression,":[118,155,197],"anxiety,":[119,198],"PTSD,":[120,242],"CPTSD.":[122],"Pearson":[123],"correlations":[124,169],"t-tests":[126],"between":[129],"symptoms.":[134],"Binary":[135],"logistic":[136,215],"regression":[137,216],"assessed":[138],"whether":[139],"was":[141,161,220,244,256],"independently":[142],"associated":[143,222,246,258],"probable":[145,154,157,196,227,241,260],"or":[147],"after":[149,236],"controlling":[150,237],"trauma":[152],"exposure,":[153],"anxiety.Results:":[158],"Mean":[159],"56.77":[162],"\u00b1":[163],"11.26.":[164],"showed":[166],"significant":[167],"negative":[168],"severity":[171],"depression":[173],"(r":[174,178,182,187],"=":[175,179,183,188,230,248],"\u2212.394),":[176],"\u2212.378),":[180],"anxiety":[181],"\u2212.374),":[184],"\u2212.289;":[189],"all":[190],"p":[191],"<":[192],".001).":[193],"Participants":[194],"had":[201],"significantly":[202,221,257],"lower":[203,224],"scores,":[205],"whereas":[206],"did":[208],"not":[209,245],"differ":[210],"by":[211],"status.":[213],"analyses,":[217],"higher":[218],"odds":[225],"(aOR":[229,247],"0.935,":[231],"95%":[232,250],"CI":[233,251],"[0.878,":[234],"0.996])":[235],"covariates.":[239],"For":[240],"0.994,":[249],"[0.956,":[252],"1.034]).Conclusions:":[253],"Lower":[254],"among":[262,279],"NKDs.":[263],"These":[264],"findings":[265],"suggest":[266],"that":[267],"may":[269],"represent":[270],"potentially":[272],"relevant":[273],"target":[274],"future":[276],"intervention":[277],"research":[278],"experiencing":[281],"CPTSD-related":[282],"difficulties.":[283],"Longitudinal":[284],"studies":[285],"needed":[287],"clarify":[289],"temporal":[291],"direction":[292],"these":[294],"associations.":[295]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-09T13:22:03.289127","created_date":"2026-11-07T00:00:00"}
