{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225407193","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/md.0000000000051464","title":"Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder presenting as rapidly progressive dementia: A case report","display_name":"Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder presenting as rapidly progressive dementia: A case report","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225407193","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/md.0000000000051464","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42994897"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1097/md.0000000000051464","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/md.0000000000051464","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1097/md.0000000000051464","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S28966261","display_name":"Medicine","issn_l":"0025-7974","issn":["0025-7974","1536-5964"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318547","host_organization_name":"Wolters Kluwer","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1097/md.0000000000051464","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5116597300","display_name":"Daiping Hua","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I253932293","display_name":"Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/0139j4p80","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I253932293"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daiping Hua","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I253932293"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5133251210","display_name":"Shang XIANG","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I253932293","display_name":"Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/0139j4p80","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I253932293"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shang Xiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I253932293"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5144424371","display_name":"Lanting Sun","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I253932293","display_name":"Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/0139j4p80","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I253932293"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lanting Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I253932293"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5104492939","display_name":"Liang Hong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7327-0322","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7327-0322"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liang Hong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Neurology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Lu\u2019an, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neurology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Lu\u2019an, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5144403842","display_name":"Wenming Yang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I253932293","display_name":"Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/0139j4p80","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I253932293"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenming Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China","Key Laboratory of Xin\u2019an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I253932293"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Xin\u2019an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5140384154","display_name":"Han Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-8480-0731","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0000-8480-0731"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I253932293","display_name":"Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/0139j4p80","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I253932293"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Han Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China","Key Laboratory of Xin\u2019an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-8480-0731","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I253932293"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Xin\u2019an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1950,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1950},"apc_paid":{"value":1950,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1950},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"105","issue":"45","first_page":"e51464","last_page":"e51464"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10137","display_name":"Multiple Sclerosis Research Studies","score":0.9208999872207642,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2728","display_name":"Clinical Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10137","display_name":"Multiple Sclerosis Research Studies","score":0.9208999872207642,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2728","display_name":"Clinical Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11627","display_name":"Autoimmune Neurological Disorders and Treatments","score":0.06669999659061432,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2728","display_name":"Clinical Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11735","display_name":"Peripheral Neuropathies and Disorders","score":0.00279999990016222,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2728","display_name":"Clinical Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuromyelitis-optica-spectrum-disorder","display_name":"neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder","score":0.9940000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rapidly-progressive-dementia","display_name":"rapidly progressive dementia","score":0.8299999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diencephalon","display_name":"diencephalon","score":0.6899999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hypothalamus","display_name":"hypothalamus","score":0.8920000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mammillary-bodies","display_name":"mammillary bodies","score":0.9649999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hyponatremia","display_name":"hyponatremia","score":0.921999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/methylprednisolone-pulse-therapy","display_name":"methylprednisolone pulse therapy","score":0.8529999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reversible-dementia","display_name":"reversible dementia","score":0.6330000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/autoimmune-encephalitis","display_name":"autoimmune encephalitis","score":0.6859999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/differential-diagnosis","display_name":"differential diagnosis","score":0.5220000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/basal-ganglia-lesions","display_name":"basal ganglia lesions","score":0.625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/third-ventricle-enlargement","display_name":"third ventricle enlargement","score":0.6710000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/astrocytopathy","display_name":"astrocytopathy","score":0.6520000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-impairment","display_name":"cognitive impairment","score":0.31299999356269836}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.9455999732017517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781137167","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q611458","display_name":"Neuromyelitis optica","level":3,"score":0.7408000230789185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777154362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7575316","display_name":"Spectrum disorder","level":2,"score":0.6197999715805054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143409427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161238","display_name":"Magnetic resonance imaging","level":2,"score":0.6115999817848206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779483572","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83030","display_name":"Dementia","level":3,"score":0.4634000062942505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780640218","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8277","display_name":"Multiple sclerosis","level":2,"score":0.44190001487731934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776703092","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q824292","display_name":"Hyponatremia","level":2,"score":0.42879998683929443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776958162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220551","display_name":"Diabetes insipidus","level":2,"score":0.4171999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781156865","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q827023","display_name":"Lesion","level":2,"score":0.39340001344680786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779651940","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q54196","display_name":"Cerebrospinal fluid","level":2,"score":0.3725999891757965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58693492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q551875","display_name":"Neuroimaging","level":2,"score":0.37220001220703125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.3589000105857849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146638467","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10529587","display_name":"Hyperintensity","level":3,"score":0.3472999930381775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126838900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77604","display_name":"Radiology","level":1,"score":0.31529998779296875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206179267","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188952","display_name":"Medical history","level":2,"score":0.2930999994277954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780066322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q719444","display_name":"Lumbar puncture","level":3,"score":0.2793000042438507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.2750999927520752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779281540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5062122","display_name":"Central nervous system disease","level":2,"score":0.26989999413490295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780801072","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837512","display_name":"Differential diagnosis","level":2,"score":0.26809999346733093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C527108885","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q835153","display_name":"Physical examination","level":2,"score":0.26249998807907104}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D001323","descriptor_name":"Autoantibodies","qualifier_ui":"Q000097","qualifier_name":"blood","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001921","descriptor_name":"Brain","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001921","descriptor_name":"Brain","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003704","descriptor_name":"Dementia","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003704","descriptor_name":"Dementia","qualifier_ui":"Q000209","qualifier_name":"etiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003937","descriptor_name":"Diagnosis, Differential","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007010","descriptor_name":"Hyponatremia","qualifier_ui":"Q000209","qualifier_name":"etiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008279","descriptor_name":"Magnetic Resonance Imaging","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008775","descriptor_name":"Methylprednisolone","qualifier_ui":"Q000008","qualifier_name":"administration & dosage","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008775","descriptor_name":"Methylprednisolone","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009471","descriptor_name":"Neuromyelitis Optica","qualifier_ui":"Q000150","qualifier_name":"complications","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009471","descriptor_name":"Neuromyelitis Optica","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009471","descriptor_name":"Neuromyelitis Optica","qualifier_ui":"Q000188","qualifier_name":"drug therapy","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D018450","descriptor_name":"Disease Progression","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D051401","descriptor_name":"Aquaporin 4","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1097/md.0000000000051464","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/md.0000000000051464","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1097/md.0000000000051464","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S28966261","display_name":"Medicine","issn_l":"0025-7974","issn":["0025-7974","1536-5964"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318547","host_organization_name":"Wolters Kluwer","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:42994897","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42994897","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Medicine","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1097/md.0000000000051464","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/md.0000000000051464","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1097/md.0000000000051464","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S28966261","display_name":"Medicine","issn_l":"0025-7974","issn":["0025-7974","1536-5964"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318547","host_organization_name":"Wolters Kluwer","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.98580002784729}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/case-report","display_name":"Case Report"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1968885542","https://openalex.org/W1996975196","https://openalex.org/W2058305895","https://openalex.org/W2107941546","https://openalex.org/W2129229339","https://openalex.org/W2780800493","https://openalex.org/W3199078545","https://openalex.org/W4220743997","https://openalex.org/W4224262686","https://openalex.org/W4229030985","https://openalex.org/W4281700925","https://openalex.org/W4286217205","https://openalex.org/W4310128774","https://openalex.org/W4310130646","https://openalex.org/W4380680840","https://openalex.org/W4382655329","https://openalex.org/W4391430614","https://openalex.org/W4402519007","https://openalex.org/W4404118886","https://openalex.org/W4404641767","https://openalex.org/W4413257817"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4389135825","https://openalex.org/W7168184088","https://openalex.org/W7110417320","https://openalex.org/W7213369932","https://openalex.org/W4386051039","https://openalex.org/W4388233783","https://openalex.org/W4403206712","https://openalex.org/W4285035587","https://openalex.org/W7164171452","https://openalex.org/W7118171906"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"RATIONALE:":[0],"Neuromyelitis":[1],"optica":[2],"spectrum":[3],"disorder":[4],"(NMOSD)":[5],"is":[6,21,43,309],"a":[7,53,77,154,178,237,261],"rare":[8],"autoimmune":[9],"astrocytopathy":[10],"primarily":[11],"affecting":[12],"the":[13,36,103,146,194,201,210,220,247,272,293,301,317],"optic":[14],"nerves":[15],"and":[16,38,60,69,108,118,124,128,141,182,231,331],"spinal":[17],"cord.":[18],"Diencephalic":[19],"involvement":[20],"commonly":[22],"detected":[23],"on":[24,145],"neuroimaging":[25,285],"but":[26],"often":[27],"remains":[28],"clinically":[29],"silent.":[30],"Rapidly":[31],"progressive":[32,57],"dementia":[33],"(RPD)":[34],"as":[35,260,292],"initial":[37],"primary":[39],"manifestation":[40],"of":[41,56,83,139,157,185,192,246,271],"NMOSD":[42,160,257,312],"exceedingly":[44],"rare.":[45],"PATIENT":[46],"CONCERNS:":[47],"A":[48],"64-year-old":[49],"woman":[50],"presented":[51],"with":[52,76,137,200,243,279],"10-day":[54],"history":[55],"cognitive":[58,198],"slowing":[59],"memory":[61],"decline.":[62],"On":[63],"admission,":[64],"she":[65],"was":[66,161],"disoriented,":[67],"apathetic,":[68],"unable":[70],"to":[71,207,225,327],"recognize":[72],"her":[73,213],"family":[74],"members,":[75],"Mini-Mental":[78],"State":[79],"Examination":[80],"(MMSE)":[81],"score":[82,203,222],"3/30.":[84],"Laboratory":[85],"investigations":[86],"revealed":[87,132],"severe":[88],"hyponatremia":[89,308],"(serum":[90],"sodium":[91],"112.60":[92],"mmol/L).":[93],"Brain":[94],"magnetic":[95,233],"resonance":[96,234],"imaging":[97,235],"showed":[98,196],"abnormal":[99],"signal":[100],"intensities":[101],"involving":[102],"bilateral":[104],"basal":[105],"ganglia,":[106],"hypothalamus,":[107,294],"mammillary":[109,295],"bodies.":[110],"DIAGNOSES:":[111],"Autoimmune":[112],"encephalitis,":[113,115],"infectious":[114],"Wernicke":[116],"encephalopathy,":[117],"prion":[119],"disease":[120],"were":[121],"initially":[122],"considered":[123],"systematically":[125],"excluded.":[126],"Serum":[127],"cerebrospinal":[129],"fluid":[130],"testing":[131,323],"positive":[133],"aquaporin-4":[134],"(AQP-4)":[135],"antibodies":[136],"titers":[138],"1:32":[140],"1:16,":[142],"respectively.":[143],"Based":[144],"2015":[147],"International":[148],"Panel":[149],"for":[150,173],"NMO":[151],"Diagnosis":[152],"criteria,":[153],"final":[155],"diagnosis":[156],"AQP-4":[158,255,267,321],"antibody-positive":[159,256],"established.":[162],"INTERVENTIONS:":[163],"The":[164],"patient":[165,195],"received":[166],"intravenous":[167],"methylprednisolone":[168],"pulse":[169],"therapy":[170],"(1000":[171],"mg/d":[172],"3":[174,206],"days,":[175],"followed":[176],"by":[177,266],"stepwise":[179],"tapering":[180],"regimen)":[181],"gradual":[183],"correction":[184],"electrolyte":[186,227],"disturbances.":[187],"OUTCOMES:":[188],"After":[189],"4":[190],"weeks":[191],"treatment,":[193],"marked":[197],"improvement,":[199],"MMSE":[202,221],"increasing":[204],"from":[205],"18.":[208],"At":[209],"6-month":[211],"follow-up,":[212],"clinical":[214,333],"symptoms":[215],"had":[216,223,229],"almost":[217],"completely":[218],"resolved,":[219],"improved":[224],"27/30,":[226],"levels":[228],"normalized,":[230],"follow-up":[232],"demonstrated":[236],"significant":[238],"reduction":[239],"in":[240,277,288,316],"lesion":[241],"size":[242],"mild":[244],"enlargement":[245],"third":[248,302],"ventricle.":[249],"LESSONS:":[250],"This":[251],"case":[252],"demonstrates":[253],"that":[254,276],"can":[258],"present":[259,310],"reversible":[262],"RPD,":[263],"potentially":[264],"mediated":[265],"antibody-associated":[268],"inflammatory":[269],"injury":[270],"diencephalon.":[273],"It":[274],"underscores":[275],"patients":[278],"unexplained":[280,307],"RPD":[281],"-":[282,311],"particularly":[283],"when":[284,305],"reveals":[286],"lesions":[287],"AQP-4-enriched":[289],"regions":[290],"such":[291],"bodies,":[296],"or":[297,304],"periventricular":[298],"areas":[299],"surrounding":[300],"ventricle,":[303],"otherwise":[306],"should":[313,324],"be":[314,325],"included":[315],"differential":[318],"diagnosis.":[319],"Timely":[320],"antibody":[322],"pursued":[326],"facilitate":[328],"early":[329],"immunotherapy":[330],"optimize":[332],"outcomes.":[334]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-09T13:22:03.289127","created_date":"2026-11-07T00:00:00"}
