{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225405147","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/rrq.70146","title":"When Science Becomes Law: Proficiency, Deficiency, and the Regulation of Literacy","display_name":"When Science Becomes Law: Proficiency, Deficiency, and the Regulation of Literacy","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225405147","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/rrq.70146"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/rrq.70146","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/rrq.70146","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/rrq.70146","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/rrq.70146","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S102860129","display_name":"Reading Research Quarterly","issn_l":"0034-0553","issn":["0034-0553","1936-2722"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Reading Research Quarterly","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/rrq.70146","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017992500","display_name":"CoCo Massengale","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-8268-3832","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0008-8268-3832"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I121980950","display_name":"Utah State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00h6set76","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121980950"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"CoCo Massengale","raw_affiliation_strings":["Utah State University  Logan Utah USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-8268-3832","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Utah State University  Logan Utah USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121980950"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5017992500"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121980950"],"apc_list":{"value":3530,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3530},"apc_paid":{"value":3530,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3530},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"62","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10103","display_name":"Reading and Literacy Development","score":0.8978999853134155,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10103","display_name":"Reading and Literacy Development","score":0.8978999853134155,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11300","display_name":"Global Educational Policies and Reforms","score":0.023099999874830246,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13405","display_name":"Educational Assessment and Improvement","score":0.009399999864399433,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/science-of-reading","display_name":"science of reading","score":0.9890000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/literacy-policy","display_name":"literacy policy","score":0.9039999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reading-proficiency","display_name":"reading proficiency","score":0.8140000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deficit-discourse","display_name":"deficit discourse","score":0.6029999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/educational-equity","display_name":"educational equity","score":0.6470000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark-assessment","display_name":"benchmark assessment","score":0.6000000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reading-development","display_name":"reading development","score":0.3630000054836273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/teacher-responsibility","display_name":"teacher responsibility","score":0.3970000147819519}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554936623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199657","display_name":"Reading (process)","level":2,"score":0.7128000259399414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778061430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188823","display_name":"Scholarship","level":2,"score":0.6517999768257141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C547764534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8236","display_name":"Literacy","level":2,"score":0.630299985408783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207390915","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1230525","display_name":"Divergence (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.6288999915122986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777351106","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q49371","display_name":"Legislation","level":2,"score":0.6090999841690063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158129432","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7766927","display_name":"Statutory law","level":2,"score":0.5935999751091003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.5460000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83009810","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11204","display_name":"Legislature","level":2,"score":0.5289999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100609095","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1335050","display_name":"Embodied cognition","level":2,"score":0.5117999911308289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.492000013589859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.38019999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109986646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q546113","display_name":"Public policy","level":2,"score":0.3580000102519989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203151758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3244907","display_name":"Standardized test","level":2,"score":0.35429999232292175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776889888","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1135789","display_name":"Unintended consequences","level":2,"score":0.34619998931884766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.3440999984741211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36727532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q861399","display_name":"Educational research","level":2,"score":0.3407000005245209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200323278","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5186740","display_name":"Critical literacy","level":3,"score":0.3091999888420105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28719098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44946","display_name":"Point (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.30239999294281006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779234423","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1042156","display_name":"Close reading","level":2,"score":0.3005000054836273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3116431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31728","display_name":"Public administration","level":1,"score":0.29339998960494995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67141207","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q452348","display_name":"Education policy","level":3,"score":0.2922999858856201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.28279998898506165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778782433","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5186755","display_name":"Critical reading","level":3,"score":0.27230000495910645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47177190","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207137","display_name":"Curriculum","level":2,"score":0.26660001277923584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123587114","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2101508","display_name":"Policy analysis","level":2,"score":0.26179999113082886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780491831","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5358895","display_name":"Elementary and Secondary Education Act","level":4,"score":0.26170000433921814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120912362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q136822","display_name":"Higher education","level":2,"score":0.25870001316070557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77379859","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2064596","display_name":"Scientific literacy","level":3,"score":0.25290000438690186}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1002/rrq.70146","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/rrq.70146","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/rrq.70146","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/rrq.70146","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S102860129","display_name":"Reading Research Quarterly","issn_l":"0034-0553","issn":["0034-0553","1936-2722"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Reading Research Quarterly","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/rrq.70146","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/rrq.70146","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/rrq.70146","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/rrq.70146","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S102860129","display_name":"Reading Research Quarterly","issn_l":"0034-0553","issn":["0034-0553","1936-2722"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Reading Research Quarterly","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8278999924659729,"display_name":"Quality education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7225405147.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7225405147.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":94,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W330291303","https://openalex.org/W1562181303","https://openalex.org/W1726407958","https://openalex.org/W1973546839","https://openalex.org/W1988239160","https://openalex.org/W1991432340","https://openalex.org/W2023071796","https://openalex.org/W2024824062","https://openalex.org/W2027083147","https://openalex.org/W2042296527","https://openalex.org/W2045412826","https://openalex.org/W2057181327","https://openalex.org/W2083793201","https://openalex.org/W2098869748","https://openalex.org/W2106357439","https://openalex.org/W2116360020","https://openalex.org/W2116560106","https://openalex.org/W2121384586","https://openalex.org/W2131964634","https://openalex.org/W2139974690","https://openalex.org/W2143658024","https://openalex.org/W2148195038","https://openalex.org/W2148489216","https://openalex.org/W2155627626","https://openalex.org/W2158817500","https://openalex.org/W2163620691","https://openalex.org/W2168712858","https://openalex.org/W2253560374","https://openalex.org/W2287713464","https://openalex.org/W2313169745","https://openalex.org/W2774588452","https://openalex.org/W2791642825","https://openalex.org/W2884806802","https://openalex.org/W2966249101","https://openalex.org/W2974797905","https://openalex.org/W3011963106","https://openalex.org/W3021035495","https://openalex.org/W3039521135","https://openalex.org/W3043157125","https://openalex.org/W3082605236","https://openalex.org/W3082835274","https://openalex.org/W3083039619","https://openalex.org/W3083106320","https://openalex.org/W3083301744","https://openalex.org/W3083807245","https://openalex.org/W3085009817","https://openalex.org/W3085531777","https://openalex.org/W3087616517","https://openalex.org/W3107183137","https://openalex.org/W3112855915","https://openalex.org/W3133489861","https://openalex.org/W3155414913","https://openalex.org/W3155552734","https://openalex.org/W3157027597","https://openalex.org/W3158386961","https://openalex.org/W3162216905","https://openalex.org/W3167162790","https://openalex.org/W3177307216","https://openalex.org/W3189354271","https://openalex.org/W4211174835","https://openalex.org/W4231625505","https://openalex.org/W4242229660","https://openalex.org/W4251501134","https://openalex.org/W4285093863","https://openalex.org/W4300236651","https://openalex.org/W4306673867","https://openalex.org/W4307719812","https://openalex.org/W4313464095","https://openalex.org/W4319795051","https://openalex.org/W4324144089","https://openalex.org/W4376139123","https://openalex.org/W4378675461","https://openalex.org/W4387517350","https://openalex.org/W4389282011","https://openalex.org/W4390632584","https://openalex.org/W4390978594","https://openalex.org/W4391663601","https://openalex.org/W4392194675","https://openalex.org/W4392549955","https://openalex.org/W4400282203","https://openalex.org/W4401439807","https://openalex.org/W4402936618","https://openalex.org/W4411014791","https://openalex.org/W4415313862","https://openalex.org/W4416114580","https://openalex.org/W4416114582","https://openalex.org/W4416114600","https://openalex.org/W4416322170","https://openalex.org/W4416322184","https://openalex.org/W4416322203","https://openalex.org/W4416322254","https://openalex.org/W4416322285","https://openalex.org/W7104651781","https://openalex.org/W7130517313"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7137832387","https://openalex.org/W4416114580","https://openalex.org/W4390978594","https://openalex.org/W4416322184","https://openalex.org/W7118918900","https://openalex.org/W7086965030","https://openalex.org/W4375949602","https://openalex.org/W4409668854","https://openalex.org/W7212195576","https://openalex.org/W3083106320"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"ABSTRACT":[0],"The":[1],"Science":[2],"of":[3,27,57,95,134,192],"Reading":[4],"(SOR)":[5],"has":[6],"emerged":[7],"as":[8,21,38,144,155],"a":[9,22,42,91,131],"dominant":[10],"reference":[11],"point":[12],"in":[13,67,138],"contemporary":[14,46],"literacy":[15,99],"research":[16,40],"and":[17,24,41,54,71,76,111,121,163,195],"policy,":[18],"frequently":[19],"invoked":[20],"convergent":[23],"authoritative":[25],"body":[26],"evidence":[28],"guiding":[29],"instructional":[30],"reform.":[31],"This":[32],"article":[33,89,181],"examines":[34],"how":[35,68,80,183],"SOR":[36,52,104,178],"functions":[37],"both":[39],"legitimizing":[43],"discourse":[44],"within":[45,85,105,186],"policy":[47,59,187],"infrastructures.":[48],"Drawing":[49],"on":[50],"influential":[51],"scholarship":[53],"critical":[55],"analyzes":[56],"its":[58,184],"uptake,":[60],"this":[61,180],"narrative\u2010critical":[62],"review":[63],"identifies":[64],"recurring":[65],"patterns":[66],"reading":[69,127,135,167],"development":[70],"proficiency":[72,119,142],"are":[73,169],"defined,":[74],"operationalized,":[75],"governed.":[77],"To":[78],"illustrate":[79],"SOR's":[81],"authority":[82],"is":[83,152],"codified":[84],"legislative":[86],"language,":[87],"the":[88],"includes":[90],"focused":[92],"case":[93],"analysis":[94],"Utah's":[96],"2026":[97],"early":[98],"legislation":[100],"(SB0241),":[101],"which":[102],"embeds":[103],"statutory":[106],"mandates":[107],"governing":[108],"assessment,":[109],"intervention,":[110],"grade":[112],"progression.":[113],"Through":[114],"required":[115],"benchmark":[116],"assessments,":[117],"standardized":[118,150],"thresholds,":[120],"retention":[122],"provisions":[123],"tied":[124],"to":[125],"third\u2010grade":[126],"performance,":[128],"SB0241":[129],"establishes":[130],"statewide":[132],"definition":[133],"success":[136],"anchored":[137],"measurable":[139],"benchmarks.":[140],"As":[141],"consolidates":[143],"literacy's":[145],"organizing":[146],"endpoint,":[147],"divergence":[148],"from":[149,171],"trajectories":[151],"rendered":[153],"legible":[154],"teacher":[156],"or":[157],"student":[158],"deficit,":[159],"while":[160],"structural,":[161],"racialized,":[162],"embodied":[164],"conditions":[165],"shaping":[166],"processes":[168],"displaced":[170],"analytic":[172],"view.":[173],"Rather":[174],"than":[175],"adjudicating":[176],"whether":[177],"\u201cworks,\u201d":[179],"interrogates":[182],"codification":[185],"systems":[188],"narrows":[189],"public":[190],"understandings":[191],"literacy,":[193],"responsibility,":[194],"educational":[196],"equity.":[197]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2026-11-07T00:00:00"}