{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225403449","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/batteries12110472","title":"State-of-Health Diagnostics in Lithium-Ion Batteries: A Methodological Framework for Scalable Mechanical Ageing Assessments","display_name":"State-of-Health Diagnostics in Lithium-Ion Batteries: A Methodological Framework for Scalable Mechanical Ageing Assessments","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225403449","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/batteries12110472"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/batteries12110472","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/batteries12110472","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/batteries12110472","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2737090608","display_name":"Batteries","issn_l":"2313-0105","issn":["2313-0105"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Batteries","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/batteries12110472","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030108992","display_name":"Maximilian Graaf","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-1715-1792","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0008-1715-1792"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I887968799","display_name":"RWTH Aachen University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xfq0f34","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Maximilian Graaf","raw_affiliation_strings":["Production Engineering of E-Mobility Components (PEM), RWTH Aachen University, 52072 Aachen, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-1715-1792","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Production Engineering of E-Mobility Components (PEM), RWTH Aachen University, 52072 Aachen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046020654","display_name":"Tim Neugebauer","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I887968799","display_name":"RWTH Aachen University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xfq0f34","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Tim Neugebauer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Production Engineering of E-Mobility Components (PEM), RWTH Aachen University, 52072 Aachen, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Production Engineering of E-Mobility Components (PEM), RWTH Aachen University, 52072 Aachen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085207529","display_name":"Niklas Kisseler","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6462-3042","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6462-3042"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I887968799","display_name":"RWTH Aachen University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xfq0f34","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Niklas Kisseler","raw_affiliation_strings":["Production Engineering of E-Mobility Components (PEM), RWTH Aachen University, 52072 Aachen, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6462-3042","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Production Engineering of E-Mobility Components (PEM), RWTH Aachen University, 52072 Aachen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020575272","display_name":"Heiner Hans Heimes","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5960-232X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5960-232X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I887968799","display_name":"RWTH Aachen University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xfq0f34","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Heiner H. Heimes","raw_affiliation_strings":["Production Engineering of E-Mobility Components (PEM), RWTH Aachen University, 52072 Aachen, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5960-232X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Production Engineering of E-Mobility Components (PEM), RWTH Aachen University, 52072 Aachen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061194297","display_name":"Achim Kampker","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-7081-1916","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0007-7081-1916"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I887968799","display_name":"RWTH Aachen University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xfq0f34","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Achim Kampker","raw_affiliation_strings":["Production Engineering of E-Mobility Components (PEM), RWTH Aachen University, 52072 Aachen, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-7081-1916","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Production Engineering of E-Mobility Components (PEM), RWTH Aachen University, 52072 Aachen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5030108992","https://openalex.org/A5046020654"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"],"apc_list":{"value":2700,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3258},"apc_paid":{"value":2700,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3258},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.76107533,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"11","first_page":"472","last_page":"472"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10663","display_name":"Battery Modeling and Management","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10663","display_name":"Battery Modeling and Management","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10018","display_name":"Advancements in Battery Materials","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10534","display_name":"Structural Health Monitoring Techniques","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lithium-ion-batteries","display_name":"lithium-ion batteries","score":0.9179999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-status-engineering-condition-monitoring","display_name":"health status (engineering condition monitoring)","score":0.7429999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internal-pressure","display_name":"internal pressure","score":0.6940000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cell-expansion","display_name":"cell expansion","score":0.9639999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/battery-degradation","display_name":"battery degradation","score":0.4959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gas-formation","display_name":"gas formation","score":0.7670000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lithium-plating","display_name":"lithium plating","score":0.9850000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dilatometry","display_name":"dilatometry","score":0.8740000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/strain-measurement","display_name":"strain measurement","score":0.4959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pouch-cells","display_name":"pouch cells","score":0.8600000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/battery-monitoring","display_name":"battery monitoring","score":0.6039999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sensor-placement","display_name":"sensor placement","score":0.7020000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cell-cell-coupling","display_name":"cell coupling","score":0.4690000116825104}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.7013000249862671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555008776","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q267298","display_name":"Battery (electricity)","level":3,"score":0.696399986743927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6805999875068665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4388999938964844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131584629","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4308705","display_name":"Coupling (piping)","level":2,"score":0.38199999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200601418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2193887","display_name":"Reliability engineering","level":1,"score":0.3621000051498413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.3452000021934509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779679103","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5251805","display_name":"Degradation (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.3352000117301941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.32179999351501465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775846686","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q643012","display_name":"Condition monitoring","level":2,"score":0.31679999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.31310001015663147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4679612","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q866298","display_name":"Aggregate (composite)","level":2,"score":0.3098999857902527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.30390000343322754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21200559","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7451068","display_name":"Sensitivity (control systems)","level":2,"score":0.2978000044822693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171912257","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11019","display_name":"Mechanical system","level":2,"score":0.2978000044822693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776582896","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5368536","display_name":"State of charge","level":4,"score":0.28200000524520874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C500499127","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q332154","display_name":"Ageing","level":2,"score":0.266400009393692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C512564126","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7257959","display_name":"Public records","level":2,"score":0.25929999351501465}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/batteries12110472","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/batteries12110472","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/batteries12110472","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2737090608","display_name":"Batteries","issn_l":"2313-0105","issn":["2313-0105"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Batteries","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/batteries12110472","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/batteries12110472","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/batteries12110472","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2737090608","display_name":"Batteries","issn_l":"2313-0105","issn":["2313-0105"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Batteries","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.5378999710083008,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":83,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1990131025","https://openalex.org/W2015475877","https://openalex.org/W2021615999","https://openalex.org/W2021720973","https://openalex.org/W2037104890","https://openalex.org/W2045279481","https://openalex.org/W2049067339","https://openalex.org/W2054487622","https://openalex.org/W2077118824","https://openalex.org/W2137864422","https://openalex.org/W2147786599","https://openalex.org/W2161465156","https://openalex.org/W2201263372","https://openalex.org/W2280967655","https://openalex.org/W2398847288","https://openalex.org/W2405206984","https://openalex.org/W2464273419","https://openalex.org/W2527735025","https://openalex.org/W2559924613","https://openalex.org/W2563343938","https://openalex.org/W2724806926","https://openalex.org/W2753853715","https://openalex.org/W2783030034","https://openalex.org/W2790709282","https://openalex.org/W2795213590","https://openalex.org/W2799694704","https://openalex.org/W2883301286","https://openalex.org/W2935942259","https://openalex.org/W2944008706","https://openalex.org/W2948120743","https://openalex.org/W2990927740","https://openalex.org/W3000071392","https://openalex.org/W3007976006","https://openalex.org/W3082377385","https://openalex.org/W3086568401","https://openalex.org/W3089171037","https://openalex.org/W3150455132","https://openalex.org/W3164913387","https://openalex.org/W3166723495","https://openalex.org/W3173952202","https://openalex.org/W3182713161","https://openalex.org/W3184270535","https://openalex.org/W3185718133","https://openalex.org/W3190509224","https://openalex.org/W3201822678","https://openalex.org/W4200187688","https://openalex.org/W4220872940","https://openalex.org/W4243644629","https://openalex.org/W4288809626","https://openalex.org/W4295004835","https://openalex.org/W4313201780","https://openalex.org/W4322748347","https://openalex.org/W4323294176","https://openalex.org/W4323825507","https://openalex.org/W4360866985","https://openalex.org/W4362633786","https://openalex.org/W4380990016","https://openalex.org/W4385989426","https://openalex.org/W4389855433","https://openalex.org/W4390044523","https://openalex.org/W4392877370","https://openalex.org/W4393162603","https://openalex.org/W4401835578","https://openalex.org/W4402732276","https://openalex.org/W4402807069","https://openalex.org/W4402915727","https://openalex.org/W4403794547","https://openalex.org/W4403970108","https://openalex.org/W4405314640","https://openalex.org/W4405425810","https://openalex.org/W4405667018","https://openalex.org/W4408015612","https://openalex.org/W4409413238","https://openalex.org/W4413292767","https://openalex.org/W4414629352","https://openalex.org/W4416994487","https://openalex.org/W4417460705","https://openalex.org/W7077055425","https://openalex.org/W7125478225","https://openalex.org/W7127940613","https://openalex.org/W7130317029","https://openalex.org/W7131112476","https://openalex.org/W7164498246"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2292133627","https://openalex.org/W7214115988","https://openalex.org/W7125478225","https://openalex.org/W4360866985","https://openalex.org/W4415490228","https://openalex.org/W4412526844","https://openalex.org/W4402732276","https://openalex.org/W4415943779","https://openalex.org/W2905985603","https://openalex.org/W4412509748"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Pressure-related":[0],"quantities":[1],"such":[2,27],"as":[3,28,105],"internal":[4],"pressure,":[5],"cell":[6],"expansion,":[7],"and":[8,33,49,64,68,92,121,165],"housing":[9],"deformation":[10],"are":[11,21,39],"promising":[12],"mechanical":[13,136,149],"indicators":[14],"of":[15,85,151,161,172],"lithium-ion":[16],"battery":[17,58,141],"ageing":[18,137],"because":[19],"they":[20],"directly":[22],"linked":[23],"to":[24,42,168],"degradation":[25],"processes":[26],"gas":[29],"formation,":[30],"lithium":[31],"plating,":[32],"interphase":[34],"growth.":[35],"However,":[36],"existing":[37],"studies":[38],"largely":[40],"limited":[41],"single-cell":[43],"experiments":[44],"under":[45],"controlled":[46],"laboratory":[47],"conditions":[48],"do":[50],"not":[51],"provide":[52],"a":[53,70,106,131,154],"systematic":[54],"framework":[55,78,145],"for":[56,73,118,124,134],"larger":[57],"systems.":[59,143],"This":[60],"work":[61],"reviews":[62],"pressure-":[63],"expansion-based":[65],"diagnostic":[66],"approaches":[67,114],"derives":[69],"structured":[71],"methodology":[72],"their":[74],"practical":[75],"application.":[76],"The":[77,96,144],"includes":[79],"representative":[80],"operating":[81],"conditions,":[82],"format-dependent":[83,107],"assignment":[84],"measurement":[86],"principles,":[87],"sensor":[88,90],"placement,":[89],"selection,":[91],"cycle-wise":[93],"data":[94],"processing.":[95],"results":[97],"show":[98],"that":[99],"pressure-based":[100],"diagnostics":[101,138],"must":[102],"be":[103,176],"understood":[104],"methodological":[108],"family,":[109],"with":[110],"dilatometric":[111],"or":[112],"force-based":[113],"being":[115],"most":[116],"suitable":[117],"pouch":[119],"cells":[120,152,174],"strain-based":[122],"methods":[123],"rigid":[125],"housings.":[126],"Overall,":[127],"the":[128,148,159,162,166,170],"study":[129],"provides":[130],"scalable":[132],"basis":[133],"integrating":[135],"into":[139],"future":[140],"monitoring":[142],"further":[146],"describes":[147],"coupling":[150],"within":[153],"module,":[155],"which":[156,169],"determines":[157],"both":[158],"magnitude":[160],"measurable":[163],"signal":[164],"extent":[167],"state":[171],"individual":[173],"can":[175],"resolved.":[177]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-08T12:12:28.789561","created_date":"2026-11-07T00:00:00"}
