{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225401677","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s43939-026-01020-8","title":"Synergistic effect of WO3 and brine sludge on the thermal behavior and radiation shielding capability of flexible PVC composites","display_name":"Synergistic effect of WO3 and brine sludge on the thermal behavior and radiation shielding capability of flexible PVC composites","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225401677","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s43939-026-01020-8"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s43939-026-01020-8","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s43939-026-01020-8","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s43939-026-01020-8","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s43939-026-01020-8.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210203817","display_name":"Discover Materials","issn_l":"2730-7727","issn":["2730-7727"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","jufo-1","norway-1","oarl"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Discover Materials","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s43939-026-01020-8.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079244883","display_name":"Mohamed Elsafi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8576-9561","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8576-9561"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84524832","display_name":"Alexandria University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mzz1w90","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84524832"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mohamed.Elsafi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21511, Egypt"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21511, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84524832"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5148330758","display_name":"Ahmed M. Abd-Elmoneim","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84524832","display_name":"Alexandria University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mzz1w90","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84524832"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ahmed M. Abd-Elmoneim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Environmental Studies Department, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21526, Egypt"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Environmental Studies Department, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21526, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84524832"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112628693","display_name":"Aya Hamdy Ali","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84524832","display_name":"Alexandria University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mzz1w90","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84524832"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aya Hamdy Ali","raw_affiliation_strings":["Environmental Studies Department, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21526, Egypt"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Environmental Studies Department, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21526, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84524832"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5138283515","display_name":"Mohamed A. Hamada","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-5809-405X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0001-5809-405X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84524832","display_name":"Alexandria University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mzz1w90","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84524832"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohamed A. Hamada","raw_affiliation_strings":["Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21511, Egypt"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21511, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84524832"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078333112","display_name":"Rilwan Loko Usman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2788-477X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2788-477X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405284157","display_name":"Federal University Teaching Hospital, Lafia","ror":"https://ror.org/031zc9j74","country_code":"NG","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405284157"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"U. Rilwan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Vaccine Research and Biotechnology, Federal University Teaching HospitalShandam RoadNasarawa State, P.O. Box 007, Lafia, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Vaccine Research and Biotechnology, Federal University Teaching HospitalShandam RoadNasarawa State, P.O. Box 007, Lafia, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405284157"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5154931119","display_name":"M.I. Sayyed","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I104941359","display_name":"Al-Ahliyya Amman University","ror":"https://ror.org/00xddhq60","country_code":"JO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I104941359"]}],"countries":["JO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. I. Sayyed","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman, Jordan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman, Jordan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I104941359"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085651531","display_name":"Ibrahim H. Saleh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6253-2630","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6253-2630"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84524832","display_name":"Alexandria University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mzz1w90","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84524832"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ibrahim H. Saleh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Environmental Studies Department, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21526, Egypt"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Environmental Studies Department, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21526, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84524832"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5079244883"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84524832"],"apc_list":{"value":1590,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1590},"apc_paid":{"value":1590,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1590},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12299","display_name":"Radiation Shielding Materials Analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12299","display_name":"Radiation Shielding Materials Analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12416","display_name":"Polymer Nanocomposite Synthesis and Irradiation","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2507","display_name":"Polymers and Plastics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11224","display_name":"Electromagnetic wave absorption materials","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2504","display_name":"Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tungsten-trioxide","display_name":"tungsten trioxide","score":0.8759999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/red-clay","display_name":"red clay","score":0.8069999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gamma-ray-shielding","display_name":"gamma-ray shielding","score":0.9829999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linear-attenuation-coefficient","display_name":"linear attenuation coefficient","score":0.7730000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/half-value-layer","display_name":"half-value layer","score":0.972000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermal-effects","display_name":"thermal effects","score":0.550000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/waste-valorization","display_name":"waste valorization","score":0.5720000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/shielding-materials","display_name":"shielding materials","score":0.34299999475479126}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.8184999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.8156999945640564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2265751","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q332007","display_name":"Electromagnetic shielding","level":2,"score":0.795799970626831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776957854","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214403","display_name":"Brine","level":2,"score":0.7814000248908997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104779481","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50707","display_name":"Composite number","level":2,"score":0.6491000056266785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986508813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1574099","display_name":"Radiation shielding","level":3,"score":0.5602999925613403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204530211","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q752823","display_name":"Thermal","level":2,"score":0.4652999937534332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153385146","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18335","display_name":"Radiation","level":2,"score":0.4124000072479248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779698641","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5309","display_name":"Graphite","level":2,"score":0.3643999993801117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6648577","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622669","display_name":"Porosity","level":2,"score":0.29089999198913574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95121573","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190474","display_name":"Activation energy","level":2,"score":0.2847000062465668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57863236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1130571","display_name":"Doping","level":2,"score":0.2752000093460083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2985973956","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1617745","display_name":"High energy","level":2,"score":0.25040000677108765}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s43939-026-01020-8","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s43939-026-01020-8","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s43939-026-01020-8","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s43939-026-01020-8.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210203817","display_name":"Discover Materials","issn_l":"2730-7727","issn":["2730-7727"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","jufo-1","norway-1","oarl"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Discover Materials","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:6d0dbf007e1642bdb2785dff30304c08","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/6d0dbf007e1642bdb2785dff30304c08","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Discover Materials, Vol 6, Iss 1 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s43939-026-01020-8","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s43939-026-01020-8","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s43939-026-01020-8","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s43939-026-01020-8.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210203817","display_name":"Discover Materials","issn_l":"2730-7727","issn":["2730-7727"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","jufo-1","norway-1","oarl"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Discover Materials","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7811999917030334,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/12","display_name":"Responsible consumption and production"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7225401677.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7225401677.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1996172107","https://openalex.org/W2543014128","https://openalex.org/W2567104475","https://openalex.org/W2591587472","https://openalex.org/W2625185609","https://openalex.org/W2895052822","https://openalex.org/W2897727115","https://openalex.org/W2907276407","https://openalex.org/W2971714464","https://openalex.org/W2997368267","https://openalex.org/W3050520456","https://openalex.org/W3090296571","https://openalex.org/W3094455571","https://openalex.org/W3166039780","https://openalex.org/W3176091111","https://openalex.org/W3193079596","https://openalex.org/W4200361198","https://openalex.org/W4214850677","https://openalex.org/W4283769646","https://openalex.org/W4285014463","https://openalex.org/W4297998362","https://openalex.org/W4310065931","https://openalex.org/W4319159224","https://openalex.org/W4322102600","https://openalex.org/W4383112702","https://openalex.org/W4386068176","https://openalex.org/W4389060646","https://openalex.org/W4401285286","https://openalex.org/W4401378484","https://openalex.org/W4405835146","https://openalex.org/W4408076533","https://openalex.org/W4408142214","https://openalex.org/W4411302303","https://openalex.org/W4415469428","https://openalex.org/W7118075759","https://openalex.org/W7127168239","https://openalex.org/W7160258021","https://openalex.org/W7160893569"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7204499075","https://openalex.org/W7204265638","https://openalex.org/W3194944777","https://openalex.org/W4405835146","https://openalex.org/W7213664959","https://openalex.org/W4313419352","https://openalex.org/W3087617515","https://openalex.org/W4389505282","https://openalex.org/W3198349531","https://openalex.org/W4381051554"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"work,":[2],"different":[3,34],"flexible":[4],"PVC":[5],"composites":[6,29,140],"doped":[7],"with":[8,47],"WO":[9,71,93],"3":[10,72,94],",":[11],"red":[12,68,90],"clay":[13,69,91],"and":[14,39,70,87,92,104,112,126,129,144],"brine":[15],"sludge":[16],"were":[17,30,45],"fabricated":[18],"for":[19],"gamma-ray":[20],"shielding":[21,25,151],"applications.":[22,152],"The":[23,42,60],"radiation":[24],"properties":[26],"of":[27,67,79,89,124,138],"these":[28,139],"determined":[31],"experimentally":[32],"at":[33,108,132],"energies":[35],"(0.059,":[36],"0.662,":[37,110],"1.173,":[38,111],"1.332":[40,113],"MeV).":[41],"experimental":[43],"data":[44],"compared":[46],"theoretical":[48],"Phy-x":[49],"values,":[50],"where":[51,82],"the":[52,65,75,77,83,97,117,121,148],"observed":[53],"deviation":[54],"between":[55],"them":[56],"didn\u2019t":[57],"exceed":[58],"5%.":[59],"results":[61],"showed":[62,120],"that":[63],"as":[64,141],"content":[66],"increased":[73,81],"in":[74,147],"composites,":[76],"values":[78,100,123],"LAC":[80,99],"composite":[84,119],"containing":[85],"15":[86],"20%":[88],"(PSRW-20)":[95],"exhibited":[96],"highest":[98],"(1.481,":[101],"0.140,":[102],"0.102,":[103],"0.095":[105],"cm":[106],"\u22121":[107],"0.059,":[109],"MeV,":[114],"respectively).":[115],"Furthermore,":[116],"PSRW-20":[118],"lowest":[122],"HVL":[125],"TVL":[127],"(0.468":[128],"1.555":[130],"cm)":[131],"0.059":[133],"MeV":[134],"which":[135],"confirmed":[136],"efficiency":[137],"low":[142,149],"cost":[143],"sustainable":[145],"materials":[146],"energy":[150]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-11T12:16:26.678958","created_date":"2026-11-07T00:00:00"}