{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225400798","doi":"https://doi.org/10.67199/r9g9bk22","title":"DIGITAL LITERACY TRAINING AND PERFORMANCE OF MEDIUM-SCALE ENTERPRISES IN CROSS RIVER STATE, NIGERIA","display_name":"DIGITAL LITERACY TRAINING AND PERFORMANCE OF MEDIUM-SCALE ENTERPRISES IN CROSS RIVER STATE, NIGERIA","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225400798","doi":"https://doi.org/10.67199/r9g9bk22"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.67199/r9g9bk22","doi":"https://doi.org/10.67199/r9g9bk22","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.67199/r9g9bk22","pdf_url":"https://icab.unicalaccjournals.org.ng/index.php/icab/article/download/38/40","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407058602","display_name":"Issues in Contemporary Accounting and Business","issn_l":"3092-8710","issn":["3092-8710"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I3970730","host_organization_name":"University of Calabar","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3970730"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Issues in Contemporary Accounting and Business","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://icab.unicalaccjournals.org.ng/index.php/icab/article/download/38/40","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161100151","display_name":"ODU FLORENCE OFID","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3970730","display_name":"University of Calabar","ror":"https://ror.org/05qderh61","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3970730"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"ODU FLORENCE OFID","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Calabar, Calabar, Cross River, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Calabar, Calabar, Cross River, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3970730"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5135156025","display_name":"Nnenna Eme Ukandu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3970730","display_name":"University of Calabar","ror":"https://ror.org/05qderh61","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3970730"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"NNENNA EME UKANDU","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Calabar, Calabar, Cross River, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Calabar, Calabar, Cross River, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3970730"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063433702","display_name":"Emmanuel E. Okon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4876-0557","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4876-0557"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3970730","display_name":"University of Calabar","ror":"https://ror.org/05qderh61","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3970730"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"EMMANUEL EKPENYONG OKON","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Calabar, Calabar, Cross River, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Calabar, Calabar, Cross River, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3970730"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076165043","display_name":"Winifred Harry Emu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6976-0521","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6976-0521"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3970730","display_name":"University of Calabar","ror":"https://ror.org/05qderh61","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3970730"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"WINIFRED HARRY EMU","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Calabar, Calabar, Cross River, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Calabar, Calabar, Cross River, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3970730"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3970730"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"2","issue":"1","first_page":"296","last_page":"309"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12338","display_name":"Digital literacy in education","score":0.9824000000953674,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12338","display_name":"Digital literacy in education","score":0.9824000000953674,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13194","display_name":"ICT in Developing Communities","score":0.0071000000461936,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13053","display_name":"SMEs Development and Digital Marketing","score":0.004100000020116568,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1403","display_name":"Business and International Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-literacy-education","display_name":"digital literacy training","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/firm-performance","display_name":"firm performance","score":0.8259999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medium-sized-enterprises","display_name":"medium-sized enterprises","score":0.9929999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-skills-development","display_name":"digital skills development","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-information-management","display_name":"digital information management","score":0.972000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-capacity-building","display_name":"digital capacity building","score":0.7860000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cross-river-state","display_name":"Cross River State","score":0.8050000071525574}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56739046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060","display_name":"Knowledge management","level":1,"score":0.5870000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777646416","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q242069","display_name":"Digital literacy","level":2,"score":0.5860000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198531522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485146","display_name":"Sample (material)","level":2,"score":0.5717999935150146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39896193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380344","display_name":"Descriptive statistics","level":2,"score":0.48240000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776574205","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1391314","display_name":"Business information","level":2,"score":0.4156999886035919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165957694","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5421350","display_name":"Exploratory factor analysis","level":3,"score":0.4034999907016754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85973986","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1091731","display_name":"Exploratory research","level":2,"score":0.3953999876976013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.39480000734329224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777211547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17141490","display_name":"Training (meteorology)","level":2,"score":0.37709999084472656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C547764534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8236","display_name":"Literacy","level":2,"score":0.3743000030517578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192531217","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q595868","display_name":"Computer literacy","level":2,"score":0.36000001430511475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.3531000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152877465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208042","display_name":"Regression analysis","level":2,"score":0.34310001134872437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85345410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q851587","display_name":"Business process","level":3,"score":0.3319000005722046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121017731","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11661","display_name":"Information technology","level":2,"score":0.33169999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97082442","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1934361","display_name":"Skills management","level":2,"score":0.3280999958515167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779061114","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3480383","display_name":"Digital reference","level":3,"score":0.32249999046325684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129848803","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2564360","display_name":"Sample size determination","level":2,"score":0.3192000091075897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106201281","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336119","display_name":"Business operations","level":2,"score":0.30169999599456787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119883117","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q679789","display_name":"Information literacy","level":2,"score":0.3010999858379364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87858587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q730675","display_name":"Quantitative research","level":2,"score":0.2973000109195709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73945780","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q814232","display_name":"Survey methodology","level":2,"score":0.29490000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.28679999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.26930001378059387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776291640","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2912517","display_name":"Value (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.2687000036239624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C128487930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q579488","display_name":"Information management","level":2,"score":0.26579999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C513874922","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q212805","display_name":"Digital library","level":3,"score":0.26510000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133462117","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4929239","display_name":"Data collection","level":2,"score":0.26179999113082886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777267654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3519023","display_name":"Test (biology)","level":2,"score":0.26170000433921814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142546437","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2661195","display_name":"Descriptive research","level":2,"score":0.2572999894618988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.25440001487731934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776185967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q112945","display_name":"Technology acceptance model","level":3,"score":0.25119999051094055}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.67199/r9g9bk22","doi":"https://doi.org/10.67199/r9g9bk22","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.67199/r9g9bk22","pdf_url":"https://icab.unicalaccjournals.org.ng/index.php/icab/article/download/38/40","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407058602","display_name":"Issues in Contemporary Accounting and Business","issn_l":"3092-8710","issn":["3092-8710"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I3970730","host_organization_name":"University of Calabar","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3970730"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Issues in Contemporary Accounting and Business","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.67199/r9g9bk22","doi":"https://doi.org/10.67199/r9g9bk22","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.67199/r9g9bk22","pdf_url":"https://icab.unicalaccjournals.org.ng/index.php/icab/article/download/38/40","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407058602","display_name":"Issues in Contemporary Accounting and Business","issn_l":"3092-8710","issn":["3092-8710"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I3970730","host_organization_name":"University of Calabar","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3970730"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Issues in Contemporary Accounting and Business","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8"},{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.8970999717712402,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7225400798.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7225400798.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":3,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2738241474","https://openalex.org/W3124536214","https://openalex.org/W4376638475"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7118179991","https://openalex.org/W7215308810","https://openalex.org/W7214171583","https://openalex.org/W7223681691","https://openalex.org/W4412457774","https://openalex.org/W7169725148","https://openalex.org/W4409356868","https://openalex.org/W7208818809","https://openalex.org/W6966717061","https://openalex.org/W7204191139"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"study":[1,22,183],"examined":[2],"the":[3,10,21,24,70,115,126,141,144,173,222],"effect":[4],"of":[5,12,26,64,118,147,175,193,225],"digital":[6,27,30,35,153,156,161,186,212,226,242,245,248],"literacy":[7,187,240],"training":[8,38,164,188],"on":[9,39,172],"performance":[11,174,232],"medium-scale":[13,54,176,254],"enterprises":[14,55,177],"in":[15,56,178,210],"Cross":[16,57,179,256],"River":[17,58,180,257],"State,":[18,59],"Nigeria.":[19],"Specifically,":[20],"investigated":[23],"effects":[25,171],"skills":[28,154,243],"acquisition,":[29,155,244],"information":[31,157,217,246],"management":[32,158,218],"training,":[33,159,241,251],"and":[34,88,132,160,168,199,207,220,233],"business":[36,162,227,236,249],"application":[37,163,250],"enterprise":[40,194,205,252],"performance.":[41],"A":[42],"descriptive":[43],"survey":[44],"research":[45],"design":[46],"was":[47,67,95,104],"adopted.":[48],"The":[49,93,149,182],"population":[50],"comprised":[51],"132":[52],"registered":[53],"from":[60],"which":[61],"a":[62,81,190],"sample":[63,73],"99":[65],"respondents":[66],"selected":[68],"using":[69,97,106],"Taro":[71],"Yamane":[72],"size":[74],"determination":[75],"formula.":[76],"Data":[77],"were":[78,122,137],"collected":[79],"through":[80],"structured":[82],"questionnaire":[83],"titled":[84],"Digital":[85,239],"Literacy":[86],"Training":[87],"Enterprise":[89],"Performance":[90],"Questionnaire":[91],"(DLTEPQ).":[92],"instrument":[94],"validated":[96],"Exploratory":[98],"Factor":[99],"Analysis":[100],"(EFA),":[101],"while":[102,128],"reliability":[103],"established":[105],"Cronbach's":[107],"Alpha,":[108],"with":[109],"all":[110],"constructs":[111],"recording":[112],"coefficients":[113],"above":[114],"acceptable":[116],"threshold":[117],"0.70.":[119],"Descriptive":[120],"statistics":[121],"used":[123],"to":[124,139,229],"summarize":[125],"data,":[127],"Ordered":[129],"Probit,":[130],"Logit,":[131],"Extreme":[133],"Value":[134],"regression":[135],"models":[136],"employed":[138],"test":[140],"hypotheses":[142],"at":[143],"0.05":[145],"level":[146],"significance.":[148],"findings":[150],"revealed":[151],"that":[152,185,204],"each":[165],"exerted":[166],"positive":[167],"statistically":[169],"significant":[170],"State.":[181,258],"concluded":[184],"is":[189],"critical":[191],"determinant":[192],"productivity,":[195],"operational":[196],"efficiency,":[197],"innovation,":[198],"competitiveness.":[200],"It":[201],"therefore":[202],"recommended":[203],"owners":[206],"managers":[208],"invest":[209],"continuous":[211],"capacity-building":[213],"programmes,":[214],"strengthen":[215],"employees'":[216],"competencies,":[219],"promote":[221],"effective":[223],"use":[224],"applications":[228],"enhance":[230],"organizational":[231],"ensure":[234],"long-term":[235],"sustainability.":[237],"Keywords:":[238],"management,":[247],"performance,":[253],"enterprises,":[255]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-08T12:12:28.789561","created_date":"2026-11-07T00:00:00"}
