{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225400407","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pdig.0001820","title":"Health system readiness for digital point-of-care diagnostics for febrile illness across Africa: A realist review","display_name":"Health system readiness for digital point-of-care diagnostics for febrile illness across Africa: A realist review","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225400407","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pdig.0001820","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42993696","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/13742922"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1371/journal.pdig.0001820","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pdig.0001820","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pdig.0001820","pdf_url":"https://journals.plos.org/digitalhealth/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pdig.0001820&type=printable","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210221150","display_name":"PLOS Digital Health","issn_l":"2767-3170","issn":["2767-3170"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315706","host_organization_name":"Public Library of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315706"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Public Library of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PLOS Digital Health","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://journals.plos.org/digitalhealth/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pdig.0001820&type=printable","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064637552","display_name":"Shola Molemodile","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7093-435X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7093-435X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I138690464","display_name":"University of Ghana","ror":"https://ror.org/01r22mr83","country_code":"GH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138690464"]}],"countries":["GH"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Shola Molemodile Dele-Olowu","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Ghana"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7093-435X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Ghana","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138690464"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045723439","display_name":"Mamadu Baldeh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7772-1111","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7772-1111"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210089966","display_name":"London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/00a0jsq62","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I4210089966"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mamadu Baldeh","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Gambia, at the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Gambia, at the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210089966"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161040063","display_name":"Flavia Bawa","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I138690464","display_name":"University of Ghana","ror":"https://ror.org/01r22mr83","country_code":"GH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138690464"]}],"countries":["GH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Flavia Bawa","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Ghana"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Ghana","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138690464"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022294079","display_name":"Leonard Baatiema","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3286-6565","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3286-6565","https://orcid.org/0009-0000-7591-1747"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I138690464","display_name":"University of Ghana","ror":"https://ror.org/01r22mr83","country_code":"GH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138690464"]}],"countries":["GH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Leonard Baatiema","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Ghana"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Ghana","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138690464"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009879461","display_name":"Frances Baaba da-Costa Vroom","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I138690464","display_name":"University of Ghana","ror":"https://ror.org/01r22mr83","country_code":"GH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138690464"]}],"countries":["GH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Frances Baaba da-Costa Vroom","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Ghana"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Ghana","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138690464"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161141143","display_name":"Luc de Witte","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I930713850","display_name":"The Hague University of Applied Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/021zvq422","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I930713850"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luc de Witte","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Hague University of Applied Sciences"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Hague University of Applied Sciences","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I930713850"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067451526","display_name":"Emilia Asuquo Udofia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7279-1839","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7279-1839"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I138690464","display_name":"University of Ghana","ror":"https://ror.org/01r22mr83","country_code":"GH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138690464"]}],"countries":["GH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Emilia Udofia","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Ghana Medical School, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Ghana Medical School, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138690464"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021202733","display_name":"Alfred Edwin Yawson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6960-5751","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6960-5751","https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0159-5686"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I138690464","display_name":"University of Ghana","ror":"https://ror.org/01r22mr83","country_code":"GH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138690464"]}],"countries":["GH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alfred Edwin Yawson","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Ghana Medical School, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Ghana Medical School, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138690464"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074408734","display_name":"Julie Balen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4736-8465","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4736-8465"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I119474363","display_name":"Canterbury Christ Church University","ror":"https://ror.org/0489ggv38","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119474363"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210089966","display_name":"London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/00a0jsq62","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I4210089966"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Julie Balen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Canterbury Christ Church University","The Gambia, at the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4736-8465","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Canterbury Christ Church University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119474363"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Gambia, at the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210089966"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5064637552"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138690464"],"apc_list":{"value":3043,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3043},"apc_paid":{"value":3043,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3043},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87989118,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":"11","first_page":"e0001820","last_page":"e0001820"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10629","display_name":"Health Policy Implementation Science","score":0.7631999850273132,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3600","display_name":"General Health Professions"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10629","display_name":"Health Policy Implementation Science","score":0.7631999850273132,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3600","display_name":"General Health Professions"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11314","display_name":"Clinical Laboratory Practices and Quality Control","score":0.06350000202655792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3607","display_name":"Medical Laboratory Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14186","display_name":"Healthcare Systems and Practices","score":0.03060000017285347,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/febrile-illness","display_name":"febrile illness","score":0.9819999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-system-preparedness","display_name":"health system preparedness","score":0.9929999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-technology-integration","display_name":"healthcare technology integration","score":0.6050000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/africa","display_name":"Africa","score":0.5410000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/molecular-diagnosis","display_name":"molecular diagnosis","score":0.984000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-workforce-competence","display_name":"health workforce competence","score":0.7300000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-data-systems","display_name":"health data systems","score":0.8349999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/disease-surveillance","display_name":"disease surveillance","score":0.8220000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/implementation-barriers-and-facilitators","display_name":"implementation barriers and facilitators","score":0.625}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780433410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5276090","display_name":"Digital health","level":3,"score":0.6984000205993652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781145037","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5011772","display_name":"CINAHL","level":3,"score":0.6025999784469604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177212765","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q627335","display_name":"Workflow","level":2,"score":0.5317000150680542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170130773","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q216378","display_name":"Usability","level":2,"score":0.5254999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778139618","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13440398","display_name":"Workforce","level":2,"score":0.5101000070571899},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.44859999418258667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190248442","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q839486","display_name":"Qualitative research","level":2,"score":0.4205000102519989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159110408","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121176","display_name":"Nursing","level":1,"score":0.414000004529953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202645933","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4930","display_name":"eHealth","level":3,"score":0.3968000113964081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63527458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5133829","display_name":"Clinical decision support system","level":3,"score":0.3950999975204468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56739046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060","display_name":"Knowledge management","level":1,"score":0.39250001311302185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71008984","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2890076","display_name":"Rigour","level":2,"score":0.36820000410079956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780791683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846785","display_name":"Action (physics)","level":2,"score":0.35749998688697815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145642194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q870895","display_name":"Health informatics","level":3,"score":0.35440000891685486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46578552","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2725393","display_name":"Global health","level":3,"score":0.3522000014781952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2250968","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1512929","display_name":"Health equity","level":3,"score":0.34610000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.3441999852657318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988170871","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11000047","display_name":"Healthcare system","level":3,"score":0.3418000042438507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47344431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1519812","display_name":"Health policy","level":3,"score":0.33709999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138816342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189603","display_name":"Public health","level":2,"score":0.33469998836517334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75630572","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q538904","display_name":"Applied psychology","level":1,"score":0.3287999927997589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187029079","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q958679","display_name":"Cognitive reframing","level":2,"score":0.32440000772476196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195094911","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14167904","display_name":"Process management","level":1,"score":0.32170000672340393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.31779998540878296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87156501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7268708","display_name":"Qualitative property","level":2,"score":0.3140999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27177047","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q269699","display_name":"Systems thinking","level":2,"score":0.30709999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779473830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540899","display_name":"MEDLINE","level":2,"score":0.30640000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2982889124","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q107439039","display_name":"Disease management","level":4,"score":0.2976999878883362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144400606","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2412982","display_name":"Causal loop diagram","level":3,"score":0.2964000105857849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.28850001096725464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778132726","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096872","display_name":"Digital Revolution","level":2,"score":0.28610000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19527686","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1665453","display_name":"System integration","level":2,"score":0.28279998898506165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775949068","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4260475","display_name":"Health facility","level":4,"score":0.2770000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29122968","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1414816","display_name":"Incentive","level":2,"score":0.27639999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72497813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q110051588","display_name":"Implementation research","level":3,"score":0.2752000093460083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C509550671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126945","display_name":"Medical education","level":1,"score":0.2678999900817871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160735492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207","display_name":"Health care","level":2,"score":0.2651999890804291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777655877","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3475740","display_name":"Design science research","level":3,"score":0.26089999079704285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776480101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3555250","display_name":"Disease surveillance","level":3,"score":0.2558000087738037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779363104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17069079","display_name":"mHealth","level":3,"score":0.2556999921798706}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1371/journal.pdig.0001820","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pdig.0001820","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pdig.0001820","pdf_url":"https://journals.plos.org/digitalhealth/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pdig.0001820&type=printable","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210221150","display_name":"PLOS Digital Health","issn_l":"2767-3170","issn":["2767-3170"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315706","host_organization_name":"Public Library of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315706"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Public Library of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PLOS Digital Health","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:42993696","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42993696","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PLOS digital health","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1371/journal.pdig.0001820","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pdig.0001820","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pdig.0001820","pdf_url":"https://journals.plos.org/digitalhealth/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pdig.0001820&type=printable","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210221150","display_name":"PLOS Digital Health","issn_l":"2767-3170","issn":["2767-3170"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315706","host_organization_name":"Public Library of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315706"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Public Library of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PLOS Digital Health","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9476000070571899,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"},{"score":0.4943999946117401,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/systematic-review","display_name":"Systematic Review"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2785857530","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"[NIHR134694]","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320319990","funder_display_name":"National Institute for Health and Care Research"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320314707","display_name":"Government of the United Kingdom","ror":"https://ror.org/05wnh3t63"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320319990","display_name":"National Institute for Health and Care Research","ror":"https://ror.org/0187kwz08"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7225400407.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7225400407.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1859066379","https://openalex.org/W2038539934","https://openalex.org/W2072084577","https://openalex.org/W2094407096","https://openalex.org/W2153627717","https://openalex.org/W2549697535","https://openalex.org/W2765304416","https://openalex.org/W2772665712","https://openalex.org/W2785464781","https://openalex.org/W2796763432","https://openalex.org/W2886231869","https://openalex.org/W2901655212","https://openalex.org/W2904235461","https://openalex.org/W2965634117","https://openalex.org/W2982008492","https://openalex.org/W3043956140","https://openalex.org/W3081433026","https://openalex.org/W3105898656","https://openalex.org/W3180207513","https://openalex.org/W3208197623","https://openalex.org/W3215322949","https://openalex.org/W4200555975","https://openalex.org/W4220733304","https://openalex.org/W4220887710","https://openalex.org/W4283734268","https://openalex.org/W4288070646","https://openalex.org/W4309516137","https://openalex.org/W4379471165","https://openalex.org/W4386157363","https://openalex.org/W4388139202","https://openalex.org/W4389484922","https://openalex.org/W4391885490","https://openalex.org/W4393234261","https://openalex.org/W4396957928","https://openalex.org/W4398211423","https://openalex.org/W4400956161","https://openalex.org/W4401259609","https://openalex.org/W4402599536","https://openalex.org/W4403687204","https://openalex.org/W4406873496","https://openalex.org/W4407392982","https://openalex.org/W4413969952","https://openalex.org/W4414223243"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7168311281","https://openalex.org/W4379471165","https://openalex.org/W7214643069","https://openalex.org/W4391885490","https://openalex.org/W3113104498","https://openalex.org/W4387902458","https://openalex.org/W4283734268","https://openalex.org/W7202075179","https://openalex.org/W4380730753","https://openalex.org/W2570994125"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Digital":[0],"point-of-care":[1],"(POC)":[2],"diagnostics,":[3],"including":[4],"connected":[5],"and":[6,16,34,41,57,77,80,91,110,135,142,147,153,155,175,186,201,224,245],"molecular":[7],"platforms,":[8],"have":[9],"the":[10,35,87,112,216,229,232,247],"potential":[11],"to":[12,53,108,180,220,241],"strengthen":[13],"clinical":[14],"decision-making":[15],"disease":[17],"surveillance,":[18],"particularly":[19,191],"for":[20,64,124],"febrile":[21,65],"illness":[22,66],"across":[23],"African":[24,70,119,210],"health":[25,31,71,211,217,254],"systems.":[26,72],"Yet":[27],"context-relevant":[28],"evidence":[29],"on":[30,215,228],"system":[32,131],"readiness":[33,98,219],"institutional":[36,173],"conditions":[37,165],"shaping":[38],"their":[39],"integration":[40,125,204],"sustainability":[42],"is":[43,239],"limited.":[44],"Following":[45],"RAMESES":[46],"standards,":[47],"we":[48],"conducted":[49],"a":[50],"realist":[51],"review":[52],"examine":[54],"how,":[55],"why,":[56],"under":[58],"what":[59],"circumstances":[60],"digital":[61,206,253],"POC":[62,207],"diagnostics":[63,208],"are":[67],"integrated":[68],"into":[69,209],"We":[73],"systematically":[74],"searched":[75],"PubMed":[76],"CINAHL":[78],"(2005-2025)":[79],"supplemented":[81],"these":[82,164],"with":[83],"purposive":[84],"searches":[85],"of":[86,205,231,249],"grey":[88],"literature.":[89],"Qualitative":[90],"mixed-methods":[92],"studies":[93,116],"addressing":[94],"implementation,":[95],"integration,":[96],"or":[97,195],"were":[99,102,121,177],"included.":[100,122],"Data":[101],"synthesized":[103],"using":[104],"context-mechanism-outcome":[105],"(CMO)":[106],"configurations":[107],"develop":[109],"refine":[111],"program":[113],"theory.":[114],"Seventeen":[115],"from":[117],"multiple":[118],"countries":[120],"Readiness":[123],"was":[126],"explained":[127],"by":[128],"five":[129],"interacting":[130],"levers:":[132],"(1)":[133],"usability":[134],"workflow":[136],"compatibility;":[137],"(2)":[138],"workforce":[139],"competence,":[140],"trust,":[141,222],"confidence;":[143],"(3)":[144],"reliable":[145],"infrastructure":[146],"connectivity;":[148],"(4)":[149],"governance,":[150],"policy":[151],"alignment,":[152],"financing;":[154],"(5)":[156],"data":[157],"systems":[158,212],"that":[159],"generate":[160],"actionable":[161],"value.":[162],"When":[163],"aligned,":[166],"mechanisms":[167],"such":[168],"as":[169],"perceived":[170],"usefulness,":[171],"confidence,":[172],"legitimacy,":[174],"responsiveness":[176],"activated,":[178],"leading":[179],"sustained":[181],"use,":[182],"improved":[183],"diagnostic":[184],"pathways,":[185],"enhanced":[187],"surveillance.":[188],"Conversely,":[189],"weaknesses,":[190],"in":[192,252],"infrastructure,":[193],"procurement,":[194],"data-use":[196],"capacity,":[197],"triggered":[198],"frustration,":[199],"distrust,":[200],"discontinuation.":[202],"The":[203],"depends":[213],"more":[214],"system's":[218],"promote":[221],"continuity,":[223],"data-driven":[225],"action":[226],"than":[227],"performance":[230],"tests":[233],"themselves.":[234],"A":[235],"realist,":[236],"system-focused":[237],"approach":[238],"required":[240],"enable":[242],"context-specific":[243],"implementation":[244],"prevent":[246],"reinforcement":[248],"pre-existing":[250],"inequities":[251],"adoption.":[255]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-09T13:22:03.289127","created_date":"2026-11-07T00:00:00"}