{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225399292","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2026.1964354","title":"Mechanisms involved in the sex-dependent dopaminergic neurodegeneration induced by MDMA in a mouse model of adolescent drug exposure","display_name":"Mechanisms involved in the sex-dependent dopaminergic neurodegeneration induced by MDMA in a mouse model of adolescent drug exposure","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225399292","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2026.1964354"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fphar.2026.1964354","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2026.1964354","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2026.1964354","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/pharmacology/articles/10.3389/fphar.2026.1964354/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S132108250","display_name":"Frontiers in Pharmacology","issn_l":"1663-9812","issn":["1663-9812"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Pharmacology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/pharmacology/articles/10.3389/fphar.2026.1964354/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043809071","display_name":"Giulia Costa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0815-9652","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0815-9652"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172446870","display_name":"University of Cagliari","ror":"https://ror.org/003109y17","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172446870"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Giulia Costa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Neuroscience, University of Cagliari"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Neuroscience, University of Cagliari","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172446870"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045961245","display_name":"Laura Rullo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6146-1690","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6146-1690"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9360294","display_name":"University of Bologna","ror":"https://ror.org/01111rn36","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9360294"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Laura Rullo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9360294"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085821402","display_name":"Vera Piera Leoni","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2447-0547","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2447-0547"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172446870","display_name":"University of Cagliari","ror":"https://ror.org/003109y17","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172446870"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vera Piera Leoni","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Pathology, University of Cagliari"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Pathology, University of Cagliari","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172446870"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071380353","display_name":"Marcello Serra","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4025-7233","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4025-7233"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172446870","display_name":"University of Cagliari","ror":"https://ror.org/003109y17","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172446870"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marcello Serra","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Neuroscience, University of Cagliari"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Neuroscience, University of Cagliari","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172446870"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060946183","display_name":"Camilla Morosini","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4022-0900","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4022-0900"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9360294","display_name":"University of Bologna","ror":"https://ror.org/01111rn36","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9360294"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Camilla Morosini","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9360294"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038070269","display_name":"Fabio Vivarelli","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8734-0985","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8734-0985"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9360294","display_name":"University of Bologna","ror":"https://ror.org/01111rn36","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9360294"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fabio Vivarelli","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9360294"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032697168","display_name":"Paola Franchi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5469-1941","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5469-1941"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9360294","display_name":"University of Bologna","ror":"https://ror.org/01111rn36","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9360294"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paola Franchi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Chemistry \u201cGiacomo Ciamician\u201d, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemistry \u201cGiacomo Ciamician\u201d, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9360294"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012086437","display_name":"Marco Lucarini","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8978-4707","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8978-4707","https://orcid.org/0009-0008-7119-0952"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9360294","display_name":"University of Bologna","ror":"https://ror.org/01111rn36","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9360294"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marco Lucarini","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Chemistry \u201cGiacomo Ciamician\u201d, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemistry \u201cGiacomo Ciamician\u201d, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9360294"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161112293","display_name":"Laura Serrau","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172446870","display_name":"University of Cagliari","ror":"https://ror.org/003109y17","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172446870"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Laura Serrau","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Neuroscience, University of Cagliari"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Neuroscience, University of Cagliari","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172446870"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068400215","display_name":"Fabrizio Sanna","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9923-4231","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9923-4231"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172446870","display_name":"University of Cagliari","ror":"https://ror.org/003109y17","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172446870"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fabrizio Sanna","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Neuroscience, University of Cagliari"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Neuroscience, University of Cagliari","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172446870"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037805233","display_name":"Micaela Morelli","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0394-5782","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0394-5782"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172446870","display_name":"University of Cagliari","ror":"https://ror.org/003109y17","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172446870"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210113153","display_name":"Neuroscience Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/0240rwx68","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210113153","https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155236","display_name":"National Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/04zaypm56","country_code":"IT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Micaela Morelli","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Neuroscience, University of Cagliari","Neuroscience Institute, National Research Council of Italy (CNR)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Neuroscience, University of Cagliari","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172446870"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Neuroscience Institute, National Research Council of Italy (CNR)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113153","https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004550036","display_name":"Luigi Atzori","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1350-3574","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1350-3574"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172446870","display_name":"University of Cagliari","ror":"https://ror.org/003109y17","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172446870"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luigi Atzori","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Pathology, University of Cagliari"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Pathology, University of Cagliari","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172446870"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017229105","display_name":"Sanzio Candeletti","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8905-7393","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8905-7393"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9360294","display_name":"University of Bologna","ror":"https://ror.org/01111rn36","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9360294"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sanzio Candeletti","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9360294"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078562133","display_name":"Patrizia Romualdi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3610-2928","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3610-2928"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9360294","display_name":"University of Bologna","ror":"https://ror.org/01111rn36","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9360294"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Patrizia Romualdi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9360294"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062354189","display_name":"Nicola Simola","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7296-3197","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7296-3197"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172446870","display_name":"University of Cagliari","ror":"https://ror.org/003109y17","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172446870"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nicola Simola","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Neuroscience, University of Cagliari"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Neuroscience, University of Cagliari","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172446870"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5043809071"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172446870"],"apc_list":{"value":3150,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3801},"apc_paid":{"value":3150,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3801},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10085","display_name":"Parkinson's Disease Mechanisms and Treatments","score":0.9394999742507935,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2728","display_name":"Clinical Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10085","display_name":"Parkinson's Disease Mechanisms and Treatments","score":0.9394999742507935,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2728","display_name":"Clinical Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10056","display_name":"Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior","score":0.03680000081658363,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10800","display_name":"Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis","score":0.003700000001117587,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3005","display_name":"Toxicology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/30","display_name":"Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mdma","display_name":"MDMA","score":0.9319999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ecstasy","display_name":"ecstasy","score":0.9610000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dopaminergic-neuron-degeneration","display_name":"dopaminergic neuron loss","score":0.8389999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nigrostriatal-pathway","display_name":"nigrostriatal pathway","score":0.8330000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/substantia-nigra-pars-compacta","display_name":"substantia nigra pars compacta","score":0.9269999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sex-differences","display_name":"sex differences","score":0.7689999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adolescent-drug-exposure","display_name":"adolescent drug exposure","score":0.9639999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oxidative-stress","display_name":"oxidative stress","score":0.7860000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antioxidant-enzymes","display_name":"antioxidant enzymes","score":0.7210000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/superoxide-dismutase","display_name":"superoxide dismutase","score":0.8569999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/glutathione-peroxidase","display_name":"glutathione peroxidase","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/proteasome","display_name":"proteasome","score":0.8830000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/erk1-2-phosphorylation","display_name":"ERK1/2 phosphorylation","score":0.9589999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stat3","display_name":"STAT3","score":0.9160000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tyrosine-hydroxylase","display_name":"tyrosine hydroxylase","score":0.984000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neurotoxicity","display_name":"neurotoxicity","score":0.6970000267028809}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780938664","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q753278","display_name":"Substantia nigra","level":4,"score":0.8277999758720398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776773494","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3366041","display_name":"Pars compacta","level":5,"score":0.7501999735832214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137183658","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q461076","display_name":"Dopaminergic","level":3,"score":0.743399977684021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780876324","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q69488","display_name":"MDMA","level":2,"score":0.623199999332428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98274493","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128406","display_name":"Pharmacology","level":1,"score":0.5853999853134155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778760513","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q24773045","display_name":"Glutathione peroxidase","level":4,"score":0.4921000003814697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159167319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420766","display_name":"Tyrosine hydroxylase","level":3,"score":0.46140000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C513476851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170304","display_name":"Dopamine","level":2,"score":0.44269999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134018914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606","display_name":"Endocrinology","level":1,"score":0.42640000581741333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776355744","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4318555","display_name":"Nigrostriatal pathway","level":5,"score":0.4106999933719635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.4065999984741211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.4018999934196472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776925932","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1755122","display_name":"Neurodegeneration","level":3,"score":0.38940000534057617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779491297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3338704","display_name":"Neurotoxicity","level":3,"score":0.3540000021457672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776286997","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2880966","display_name":"Dopaminergic pathways","level":4,"score":0.34220001101493835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780062018","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1319792","display_name":"Striatum","level":3,"score":0.33160001039505005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776108821","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15335612","display_name":"SOD2","level":4,"score":0.3303999900817871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775838275","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q410776","display_name":"Superoxide dismutase","level":3,"score":0.322299987077713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.3084999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C538909803","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q116907","display_name":"Glutathione","level":3,"score":0.28760001063346863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779734285","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11085","display_name":"Parkinson's disease","level":3,"score":0.2793999910354614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25498285","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1981368","display_name":"Neuroprotection","level":2,"score":0.27000001072883606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777078754","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q409948","display_name":"Nomifensine","level":4,"score":0.25589999556541443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777668072","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2472777","display_name":"Parkin","level":4,"score":0.25459998846054077}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3389/fphar.2026.1964354","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2026.1964354","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2026.1964354","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/pharmacology/articles/10.3389/fphar.2026.1964354/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S132108250","display_name":"Frontiers in Pharmacology","issn_l":"1663-9812","issn":["1663-9812"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Pharmacology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:13f0b96ef6f8451581d053dba2b4cb79","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/13f0b96ef6f8451581d053dba2b4cb79","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Pharmacology, Vol 17 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fphar.2026.1964354","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2026.1964354","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2026.1964354","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/pharmacology/articles/10.3389/fphar.2026.1964354/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S132108250","display_name":"Frontiers in Pharmacology","issn_l":"1663-9812","issn":["1663-9812"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Pharmacology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.9940000176429749}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7225399292.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7225399292.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":81,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1496677669","https://openalex.org/W1606160582","https://openalex.org/W1827337539","https://openalex.org/W1894962503","https://openalex.org/W1909937204","https://openalex.org/W1963719599","https://openalex.org/W1975462016","https://openalex.org/W1976655661","https://openalex.org/W1984280476","https://openalex.org/W1989118896","https://openalex.org/W1995859810","https://openalex.org/W1997220161","https://openalex.org/W1999602528","https://openalex.org/W1999721994","https://openalex.org/W2001929248","https://openalex.org/W2006232414","https://openalex.org/W2007549333","https://openalex.org/W2019136896","https://openalex.org/W2020926765","https://openalex.org/W2023508127","https://openalex.org/W2025224760","https://openalex.org/W2027624603","https://openalex.org/W2027827306","https://openalex.org/W2029776414","https://openalex.org/W2033062161","https://openalex.org/W2033215199","https://openalex.org/W2033577954","https://openalex.org/W2035919788","https://openalex.org/W2040911489","https://openalex.org/W2045785282","https://openalex.org/W2051016570","https://openalex.org/W2057484845","https://openalex.org/W2059618143","https://openalex.org/W2061175699","https://openalex.org/W2071268042","https://openalex.org/W2071377563","https://openalex.org/W2072941041","https://openalex.org/W2077950523","https://openalex.org/W2080567230","https://openalex.org/W2101667399","https://openalex.org/W2106644699","https://openalex.org/W2109963281","https://openalex.org/W2121610524","https://openalex.org/W2128301159","https://openalex.org/W2134812217","https://openalex.org/W2141638015","https://openalex.org/W2152415809","https://openalex.org/W2154210087","https://openalex.org/W2154971988","https://openalex.org/W2166148255","https://openalex.org/W2168545748","https://openalex.org/W2428826819","https://openalex.org/W2485201323","https://openalex.org/W2543708641","https://openalex.org/W2618038426","https://openalex.org/W2624286927","https://openalex.org/W2792681344","https://openalex.org/W2892737483","https://openalex.org/W2895344032","https://openalex.org/W2921855306","https://openalex.org/W2924322293","https://openalex.org/W2925154057","https://openalex.org/W2983514836","https://openalex.org/W2992757522","https://openalex.org/W3110843322","https://openalex.org/W3130163068","https://openalex.org/W3197511105","https://openalex.org/W3198497866","https://openalex.org/W3207752026","https://openalex.org/W4281748239","https://openalex.org/W4310479037","https://openalex.org/W4321085524","https://openalex.org/W4323871036","https://openalex.org/W4388566960","https://openalex.org/W4389060366","https://openalex.org/W4389728862","https://openalex.org/W4390506404","https://openalex.org/W4391229493","https://openalex.org/W4399805820","https://openalex.org/W4412487930","https://openalex.org/W7128497182"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3197511105","https://openalex.org/W1995859810","https://openalex.org/W2474009747","https://openalex.org/W2992757522","https://openalex.org/W2624286927","https://openalex.org/W2796445611","https://openalex.org/W2622976027","https://openalex.org/W1827337539","https://openalex.org/W2072941041","https://openalex.org/W1976261185"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Background":[0],"3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine":[1],"(MDMA,":[2],"or":[3,112],"\u201cecstasy\u201d)":[4],"is":[5,39],"an":[6],"amphetamine-related":[7],"drug":[8],"mainly":[9],"used":[10],"by":[11],"adolescents.":[12],"Studies":[13],"in":[14,24,58,95,140,242,255,304,321],"mice":[15,71,102,214,265,312,328],"have":[16],"demonstrated":[17,90],"that":[18,86],"MDMA":[19,78,229,251,262,268,289,292,315,341],"administration":[20],"induces":[21],"toxic":[22,93],"effects":[23,94,339],"the":[25,53,59,96,141,155,169,178,196,203,227,249,260,287,297,300,331,337,343],"nigrostriatal":[26,60,97,301,344],"dopaminergic":[27,61,98,120,302,345],"system,":[28],"some":[29,51],"of":[30,52,63,77,118,154,168,177,183,190,195,202,208,234,299,340],"which":[31,334],"may":[32],"be":[33],"sex-":[34],"and":[35,68,123,130,161,166,174,185,192,201,206,220,236,245,273,277,307,323],"age-dependent.":[36],"Since":[37],"adolescence":[38,295],"a":[40,75],"critical":[41],"period":[42],"for":[43,134],"brain":[44],"development,":[45],"this":[46],"study":[47],"aimed":[48],"to":[49,91,115,319],"investigate":[50],"mechanisms":[54],"underlying":[55],"MDMA-induced":[56],"toxicity":[57],"system":[62,303],"adolescent":[64,70],"mice.":[65,309],"Methods":[66],"Male":[67,213],"female":[69,308,327],"were":[72,103,149],"treated":[73,266,313],"with":[74,267,314],"regimen":[76],"(4":[79],"\u00d7":[80],"20":[81],"mg/kg,":[82],"2":[83,167],"h":[84],"apart)":[85],"has":[87],"previously":[88],"been":[89],"induce":[92],"system.":[99,346],"After":[100],"treatment,":[101],"sacrificed":[104],"at":[105],"different":[106],"time":[107],"points":[108],"(i.e.,":[109],"30,":[110],"60":[111],"120":[113,246,284],"min)":[114],"evaluate":[116],"loss":[117],"nigral":[119],"neurons,":[121],"antioxidant":[122,156,332],"proteasome":[124,179,239,322],"activity,":[125,333],"reactive":[126],"radical":[127],"species":[128],"(RRS)":[129],"neurodegeneration-related":[131],"proteins.":[132],"Immunohistochemistry":[133],"tyrosine":[135],"hydroxylase":[136],"(TH)":[137],"was":[138],"performed":[139],"substantia":[142],"nigra":[143],"pars":[144],"compacta":[145],"(SNc).":[146],"Moreover,":[147],"midbrains":[148],"evaluated":[150],"for:":[151],"i)":[152,216,270],"activity":[153,233,281],"enzymes":[157],"glutathione":[158],"peroxidase":[159],"(GPx)":[160],"superoxide":[162],"dismutase":[163],"(SOD)":[164],"1":[165],"proteolytic":[170],"subunits":[171],"\u03b22":[172,237],"trypsin-like":[173,238],"\u03b25":[175],"chymotrypsin-like":[176],"system;":[180],"ii)":[181,231,278],"expression":[182,276],"SOD1":[184,272],"SOD2":[186,274],"genes;":[187],"iii)":[188,253],"presence":[189],"RRS":[191],"iv)":[193],"phosphorylation":[194],"extracellular":[197],"signal-regulated":[198],"kinase":[199],"(ERK1/2)":[200],"signal":[204],"transducer":[205],"activator":[207],"transcription":[209],"3":[210],"(STAT3).":[211],"Results":[212],"displayed:":[215,269],"decreased":[217,271],"TH":[218],"immunoreactivity":[219],"cresyl":[221],"violet":[222],"staining":[223],"(120":[224],"min":[225,247,258,285],"after":[226,248,259,286],"last":[228,250,261,288],"administration);":[230],"reduced":[232],"SOD":[235],"subunit,":[240],"both":[241,305],"basal":[243],"conditions":[244],"administration;":[252],"increase":[254],"p-ERK1/2":[256],"(30":[257],"administration).":[263,290],"Female":[264],"gene":[275],"increased":[279],"GPx":[280],"(both":[282],"observed":[283],"Conclusion":[291],"treatment":[293],"during":[294],"altered":[296],"homeostasis":[298],"male":[306,311],"Adolescent":[310],"appeared":[316],"more":[317],"sensitive":[318],"dysfunction":[320],"ERK1/2":[324],"activation.":[325],"Conversely,":[326],"efficiently":[329],"maintained":[330],"could":[335],"contrast":[336],"neurotoxic":[338],"on":[342]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-09T13:22:03.289127","created_date":"2026-11-07T00:00:00"}