{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225399098","doi":"https://doi.org/10.29261/pakvetj/2026.233","title":"\u03b2-1,3-Glucan, Precision Biotic, and Bacillus subtilis as Antibiotic Growth Promoter Alternatives: Effects on Broiler Performance, Gut Morphology, and Serum Biochemistry","display_name":"\u03b2-1,3-Glucan, Precision Biotic, and Bacillus subtilis as Antibiotic Growth Promoter Alternatives: Effects on Broiler Performance, Gut Morphology, and Serum Biochemistry","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225399098","doi":"https://doi.org/10.29261/pakvetj/2026.233"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.29261/pakvetj/2026.233","doi":"https://doi.org/10.29261/pakvetj/2026.233","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.29261/pakvetj/2026.233","pdf_url":"https://doi.org/10.29261/pakvetj/2026.233","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S12629481","display_name":"Pakistan Veterinary Journal","issn_l":"0253-8318","issn":["0253-8318","2074-7764"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","poland-70","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319262","host_organization_name":"University of Agriculture Faisalabad","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319262"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Agriculture Faisalabad"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Pakistan Veterinary Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.29261/pakvetj/2026.233","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":15000,"currency":"PKR","value_usd":300},"apc_paid":{"value":15000,"currency":"PKR","value_usd":300},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10152","display_name":"Animal Nutrition and Physiology","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1103","display_name":"Animal Science and Zoology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10152","display_name":"Animal Nutrition and Physiology","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1103","display_name":"Animal Science and Zoology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13791","display_name":"Veterinary medicine and infectious diseases","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3404","display_name":"Small Animals"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/34","display_name":"Veterinary"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10141","display_name":"Probiotics and Fermented Foods","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1106","display_name":"Food Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beta-1-3-glucan","display_name":"\u03b2-1,3-glucan","score":0.9879999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bacillus-subtilis","display_name":"Bacillus subtilis","score":0.9850000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antibiotic-growth-promoters","display_name":"antibiotic growth promoters","score":0.8259999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antibiotic-alternatives","display_name":"antibiotic alternatives","score":0.7689999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/broiler-chickens","display_name":"broiler chickens","score":0.9380000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/growth-performance","display_name":"growth performance","score":0.9340000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feed-conversion-ratio","display_name":"feed conversion ratio","score":0.9850000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nutrient-digestibility","display_name":"nutrient digestibility","score":0.9940000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intestinal-morphology","display_name":"intestinal morphology","score":0.9470000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/villus-height","display_name":"villus height","score":0.9440000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/goblet-cells","display_name":"goblet cells","score":0.8389999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blood-chemistry","display_name":"serum biochemistry","score":0.9240000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/liver-enzymes","display_name":"liver enzymes","score":0.4390000104904175}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780289900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q326301","display_name":"Broiler","level":2,"score":0.8493000268936157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777272437","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131238","display_name":"Bacillus subtilis","level":3,"score":0.8044000267982483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777226302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q233345","display_name":"Ileum","level":2,"score":0.7692999839782715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776366702","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185765","display_name":"Jejunum","level":2,"score":0.7657999992370605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.72079998254776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778024521","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55639806","display_name":"Basal (medicine)","level":3,"score":0.5594000220298767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66090201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15995009","display_name":"Crypt","level":2,"score":0.558899998664856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776809568","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q134955","display_name":"Duodenum","level":2,"score":0.546999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140793950","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q168091","display_name":"Animal science","level":1,"score":0.5425000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776125364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q169219","display_name":"Albumin","level":2,"score":0.5285000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781456731","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q868506","display_name":"Intestinal villus","level":3,"score":0.492000013589859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C501593827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12187","display_name":"Antibiotics","level":2,"score":0.48100000619888306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777634866","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173445","display_name":"Amen","level":3,"score":0.4372999966144562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777882243","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11090","display_name":"Small intestine","level":2,"score":0.4000999927520752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142796444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181394","display_name":"Nutrient","level":2,"score":0.3716999888420105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89423630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7193","display_name":"Microbiology","level":1,"score":0.3540000021457672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31903555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1637030","display_name":"Food science","level":1,"score":0.35089999437332153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780255968","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1816730","display_name":"Probiotic","level":3,"score":0.35040000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22830521","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q649967","display_name":"Feed conversion ratio","level":3,"score":0.33480000495910645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780320433","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3403879","display_name":"Weight gain","level":3,"score":0.33329999446868896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992811422","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q849994","display_name":"Blood chemistry","level":2,"score":0.3248000144958496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777507495","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185317","display_name":"Cecum","level":2,"score":0.304500013589859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57742111","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7168","display_name":"Histology","level":2,"score":0.30160000920295715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019368612","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17154506","display_name":"Intestinal mucosa","level":2,"score":0.2944999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147583825","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q620876","display_name":"Body weight","level":2,"score":0.29350000619888306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2994136372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q110084","display_name":"Blood serum","level":2,"score":0.287200003862381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165616093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q424232","display_name":"Serum albumin","level":2,"score":0.28459998965263367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C509243982","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2836947","display_name":"Animal feed","level":2,"score":0.27799999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.2777999937534332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134018914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606","display_name":"Endocrinology","level":1,"score":0.2752000093460083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206332053","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q477734","display_name":"Gizzard","level":2,"score":0.2529999911785126}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.29261/pakvetj/2026.233","doi":"https://doi.org/10.29261/pakvetj/2026.233","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.29261/pakvetj/2026.233","pdf_url":"https://doi.org/10.29261/pakvetj/2026.233","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S12629481","display_name":"Pakistan Veterinary Journal","issn_l":"0253-8318","issn":["0253-8318","2074-7764"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","poland-70","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319262","host_organization_name":"University of Agriculture Faisalabad","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319262"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Agriculture Faisalabad"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Pakistan Veterinary Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.29261/pakvetj/2026.233","doi":"https://doi.org/10.29261/pakvetj/2026.233","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.29261/pakvetj/2026.233","pdf_url":"https://doi.org/10.29261/pakvetj/2026.233","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S12629481","display_name":"Pakistan Veterinary Journal","issn_l":"0253-8318","issn":["0253-8318","2074-7764"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","poland-70","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319262","host_organization_name":"University of Agriculture Faisalabad","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319262"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Agriculture Faisalabad"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Pakistan Veterinary Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","display_name":"Zero hunger","score":0.9208999872207642},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.4000000059604645}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7225399098.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7225399098.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3214993339","https://openalex.org/W3134638689","https://openalex.org/W1950603326","https://openalex.org/W4323845411","https://openalex.org/W2045460967","https://openalex.org/W4394936851","https://openalex.org/W2911611062","https://openalex.org/W2067486337","https://openalex.org/W4392506246","https://openalex.org/W4401843788"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"objective":[1],"of":[2,34,40,55],"the":[3,70,92,94,121,127,141,159,198,206,213],"current":[4],"study":[5],"was":[6,130,203],"to":[7,19,48],"compare":[8],"\u03b2-1,3-glucan,":[9],"glycan-based":[10,82],"precision":[11],"biotic":[12],"(PB),":[13],"and":[14,32,86,97,106,154,161,172,184,193,208,234],"Bacillus":[15,87],"subtilis":[16,88],"as":[17],"alternatives":[18,186],"antibiotic":[20],"growth":[21],"promoters":[22],"(AGPs)":[23],"on":[24,62,212,228],"gut":[25],"morphology,":[26],"nutrient":[27,122,230],"utilization,":[28],"blood":[29,189,235],"biochemical":[30,236],"parameters,":[31],"performance":[33],"broilers.For":[35],"this":[36],"purpose,":[37],"a":[38,63,81,135],"total":[39,191],"500":[41],"one-dayold":[42],"broiler":[43],"chicks":[44],"were":[45,60,111,195],"randomly":[46],"assigned":[47],"five":[49],"experimental":[50],"treatments,":[51],"with":[52,74,118,138,182],"10":[53,56],"replicates":[54],"birds":[57,59,114,133],"each.Experimental":[58],"reared":[61],"basal":[64,71],"diet":[65,72,116,136,150],"without":[66],"AGP":[67,75,185,219],"(CON)":[68],"or":[69],"supplemented":[73,117,137],"(100":[76],"g/ton),":[77,80,85],"\u03b2-1,3-glucan":[78,209],"(300":[79],"PB":[83,119,139,147,164,199,207,222],"(250":[84],"(500":[89],"g/ton)":[90],"in":[91,113,132,149,158,175,197,205,238],"diet.In":[93],"grower,":[95],"finisher":[96],"overall":[98],"phases,":[99],"higher":[100],"body":[101,103],"weight,":[102],"weight":[104],"gain":[105],"an":[107],"improved":[108],"(lower)":[109],"FCR":[110],"observed":[112,131],"fed":[115,134],"(P<0.05).Similarly,":[120,163],"digestibility":[123,129],"results":[124,144,178],"showed":[125,145,179],"that":[126,146,180,218],"highest":[128,196],"(P<0.05).Moreover,":[140],"intestinal":[142,232],"histology":[143,233],"supplementation":[148,166,181],"increased":[151,167],"villus":[152,168,170],"height":[153],"goblet":[155],"cell":[156],"count":[157],"jejunum":[160],"ileum":[162],"dietary":[165],"height,":[169],"width,":[171],"crypt":[173],"depth":[174],"duodenum":[176],"(P<0.05).The":[177],"AGPs,":[183],"positively":[187],"influenced":[188],"metabolites;":[190],"protein":[192],"albumin":[194],"group,":[200],"while":[201,221],"AST":[202],"lowest":[204],"groups":[210],"(P<0.05).Based":[211],"results,":[214],"it":[215],"is":[216],"concluded":[217],"generally,":[220],"specifically,":[223],"exhibited":[224],"consistent":[225],"positive":[226],"responses":[227],"performance,":[229],"digestibility,":[231],"indices":[237],"broilers.":[239]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-08T12:12:28.789561","created_date":"2026-11-07T00:00:00"}
