{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225399048","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sanpp176030020","title":"The Role of Mild Behavioral Impairment in the Clinical\u2013Biological Continuum of Alzheimer\u2032s Disease","display_name":"The Role of Mild Behavioral Impairment in the Clinical\u2013Biological Continuum of Alzheimer\u2032s Disease","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225399048","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sanpp176030020"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sanpp176030020","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sanpp176030020","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sanpp176030020","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210190496","display_name":"Swiss Archives of Neurology Psychiatry and Psychotherapy","issn_l":"2297-6981","issn":["2297-6981","2297-7007"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","poland-20","russia-white-list-4"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310317797","host_organization_name":"EMH Swiss Medical Publishers Ltd.","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310317797"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["EMH Swiss Medical Publishers Ltd."],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Swiss Archives of Neurology, Psychiatry and Psychotherapy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sanpp176030020","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050052997","display_name":"Umberto Nencha","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2115-1823","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2115-1823"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210106256","display_name":"University Hospital of Geneva","ror":"https://ror.org/01m1pv723","country_code":"CH","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210106256"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Umberto Nencha","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospitals of Geneva (HUG), 1226 Th\u00f4nex, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2115-1823","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospitals of Geneva (HUG), 1226 Th\u00f4nex, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210106256"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030461849","display_name":"Mohamed Eshmawey","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0683-2329","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0683-2329"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210106256","display_name":"University Hospital of Geneva","ror":"https://ror.org/01m1pv723","country_code":"CH","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210106256"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohamed Eshmawey","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospitals of Geneva (HUG), 1226 Th\u00f4nex, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0683-2329","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospitals of Geneva (HUG), 1226 Th\u00f4nex, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210106256"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067543011","display_name":"Daniele Altomare","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1905-8993","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1905-8993"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I15196421","display_name":"University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland","ror":"https://ror.org/05ep8g269","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I15196421"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniele Altomare","raw_affiliation_strings":["Competence Centre on Ageing (CCA), Department of Business Economics, Health and Social Care (DEASS), University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland (SUPSI), 6928 Manno, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1905-8993","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Competence Centre on Ageing (CCA), Department of Business Economics, Health and Social Care (DEASS), University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland (SUPSI), 6928 Manno, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I15196421"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015109247","display_name":"Marina Boccardi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6744-8246","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6744-8246"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I15196421","display_name":"University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland","ror":"https://ror.org/05ep8g269","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I15196421"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marina Boccardi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Competence Centre on Ageing (CCA), Department of Business Economics, Health and Social Care (DEASS), University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland (SUPSI), 6928 Manno, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6744-8246","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Competence Centre on Ageing (CCA), Department of Business Economics, Health and Social Care (DEASS), University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland (SUPSI), 6928 Manno, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I15196421"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061478977","display_name":"Leonardo Sacco","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9494-7742","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9494-7742"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210095212","display_name":"Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale","ror":"https://ror.org/00sh19a92","country_code":"CH","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210095212"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I57201433","display_name":"Universit\u00e0 della Svizzera italiana","ror":"https://ror.org/03c4atk17","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I57201433"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Leonardo Sacco","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Universit\u00e0 della Svizzera italiana (USI), 6900 Lugano, Switzerland","Memory Clinic, Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale (EOC), 6900 Lugano, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9494-7742","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Universit\u00e0 della Svizzera italiana (USI), 6900 Lugano, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57201433"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Memory Clinic, Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale (EOC), 6900 Lugano, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210095212"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070355922","display_name":"Sonja M. Kagerer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9244-4842","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9244-4842"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210100468","display_name":"University Hospital Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/01462r250","country_code":"CH","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210100468"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210106256","display_name":"University Hospital of Geneva","ror":"https://ror.org/01m1pv723","country_code":"CH","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210106256"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405262024","display_name":"Psychiatrische Universit\u00e4tsklinik Z\u00fcrich","ror":"https://ror.org/00yt5p853","country_code":"CH","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405262024"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sonja Kagerer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospitals of Geneva (HUG), 1226 Th\u00f4nex, Switzerland","Geriatric Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Psychiatry Zurich (PUK), 8032 Zurich, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9244-4842","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospitals of Geneva (HUG), 1226 Th\u00f4nex, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210106256"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Geriatric Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Psychiatry Zurich (PUK), 8032 Zurich, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210100468","https://openalex.org/I4405262024"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5050052997"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210106256"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"176","issue":"3","first_page":"20","last_page":"20"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10009","display_name":"Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2738","display_name":"Psychiatry and Mental health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10009","display_name":"Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2738","display_name":"Psychiatry and Mental health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10086","display_name":"Alzheimer's disease research and treatments","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13077","display_name":"Cancer-related cognitive impairment studies","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2730","display_name":"Oncology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mild-behavioral-impairment","display_name":"mild behavioral impairment","score":0.8740000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alzheimer-s-disease","display_name":"Alzheimer's disease","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/behavior-change","display_name":"behavior change","score":0.4950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/preclinical-alzheimer-s-disease","display_name":"preclinical Alzheimer's disease","score":0.8629999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neurodegeneration","display_name":"neurodegeneration","score":0.6769999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/early-diagnosis","display_name":"early diagnosis","score":0.5320000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/differential-diagnosis-of-dementia","display_name":"differential diagnosis of dementia","score":0.625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/behavioral-assessment","display_name":"behavioral assessment","score":0.3659999966621399}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.732200026512146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9354725","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q286017","display_name":"Operationalization","level":2,"score":0.6525999903678894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.49729999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.4964999854564667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75126325","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17071016","display_name":"Behavioral syndrome","level":3,"score":0.46880000829696655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779356329","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q922625","display_name":"Checklist","level":2,"score":0.43970000743865967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984915365","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5141203","display_name":"Cognitive impairment","level":3,"score":0.435699999332428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.43299999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.3481000065803528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992264114","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1394551","display_name":"Clinical disease","level":3,"score":0.3456000089645386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70410870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199906","display_name":"Clinical psychology","level":1,"score":0.3407000005245209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.3370000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993918154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12131","display_name":"Functional impairment","level":2,"score":0.2928999960422516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779473830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540899","display_name":"MEDLINE","level":2,"score":0.29109999537467957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018875020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1441305","display_name":"Signs and symptoms","level":2,"score":0.2736000120639801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138496976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175002","display_name":"Developmental psychology","level":1,"score":0.26010000705718994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5570062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3919817","display_name":"Behavioural sciences","level":2,"score":0.2533000111579895}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/sanpp176030020","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sanpp176030020","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sanpp176030020","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210190496","display_name":"Swiss Archives of Neurology Psychiatry and Psychotherapy","issn_l":"2297-6981","issn":["2297-6981","2297-7007"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","poland-20","russia-white-list-4"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310317797","host_organization_name":"EMH Swiss Medical Publishers Ltd.","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310317797"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["EMH Swiss Medical Publishers Ltd."],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Swiss Archives of Neurology, Psychiatry and Psychotherapy","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sanpp176030020","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sanpp176030020","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sanpp176030020","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210190496","display_name":"Swiss Archives of Neurology Psychiatry and Psychotherapy","issn_l":"2297-6981","issn":["2297-6981","2297-7007"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","poland-20","russia-white-list-4"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310317797","host_organization_name":"EMH Swiss Medical Publishers Ltd.","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310317797"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["EMH Swiss Medical Publishers Ltd."],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Swiss Archives of Neurology, Psychiatry and Psychotherapy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9763000011444092,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W577743257","https://openalex.org/W1978093816","https://openalex.org/W2570315135","https://openalex.org/W2756173155","https://openalex.org/W2787084614","https://openalex.org/W2913395632","https://openalex.org/W2914407885","https://openalex.org/W2945485263","https://openalex.org/W3110521604","https://openalex.org/W3127093111","https://openalex.org/W3210413060","https://openalex.org/W4206343614","https://openalex.org/W4210858258","https://openalex.org/W4224051283","https://openalex.org/W4317840359","https://openalex.org/W4318169233","https://openalex.org/W4385382016","https://openalex.org/W4387109850","https://openalex.org/W4392773370","https://openalex.org/W4392809360","https://openalex.org/W4400089962","https://openalex.org/W4403986853","https://openalex.org/W4407170387","https://openalex.org/W4407219354","https://openalex.org/W4410949387","https://openalex.org/W4413618932","https://openalex.org/W7151732931","https://openalex.org/W7155169777","https://openalex.org/W7162405065"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391480193","https://openalex.org/W4206343614","https://openalex.org/W4411848064","https://openalex.org/W4378071782","https://openalex.org/W7095004666","https://openalex.org/W4210781272","https://openalex.org/W2514091924","https://openalex.org/W4391495916","https://openalex.org/W4413115682","https://openalex.org/W4289878587"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Alzheimer\u2019s":[0,92],"disease":[1,25,93],"has":[2,46],"recently":[3,47],"been":[4,28,39,50],"redefined":[5],"as":[6,85],"a":[7,53,86,114,131,160],"complex":[8],"clinical\u2013biological":[9],"entity":[10],"by":[11],"the":[12,19,24,68,91,108],"International":[13],"Working":[14],"Group":[15],"(IWG),":[16],"and":[17,49,100],"while":[18],"cognitive":[20],"symptoms":[21],"associated":[22],"with":[23,52],"progression":[26],"have":[27,38],"thoroughly":[29],"investigated,":[30],"subtle":[31],"behavioral":[32,63,120],"changes":[33,64,121],"that":[34,65,130],"precede":[35],"functional":[36],"decline":[37],"less":[40],"systematically":[41],"explored.":[42],"Mild":[43],"Behavioral":[44],"Impairment":[45],"emerged":[48],"operationalized":[51],"dedicated":[54],"checklist":[55],"(MBI-C)":[56],"to":[57,73,106],"identify":[58],"individuals":[59,123],"presenting":[60],"later-life":[61],"persistent":[62],"might":[66],"represent":[67],"first":[69,139],"clinical":[70,88,111,153],"signs":[71],"related":[72],"an":[74],"underlying":[75],"neurodegenerative":[76,168],"process.":[77],"Here,":[78],"we":[79,101],"review":[80],"current":[81],"evidence":[82],"supporting":[83],"MBI":[84,133,156],"promising":[87],"marker":[89],"along":[90],"(AD)":[94],"continuum":[95],"since":[96],"its":[97],"preclinical":[98],"stages,":[99],"call":[102],"for":[103],"further":[104],"research":[105,142],"investigate":[107],"potential":[109],"added":[110],"value":[112],"of":[113,119,126],"more":[115],"structured,":[116],"systematic":[117],"assessment":[118,134],"in":[122,148,165],"at":[124],"risk":[125],"progression.":[127],"We":[128],"outline":[129],"structured":[132],"could":[135,157],"therefore":[136],"be":[137],"integrated":[138],"into":[140,151],"future":[141],"diagnostic":[143],"frameworks":[144],"and,":[145],"once":[146],"validated":[147],"real-world":[149],"settings,":[150],"routine":[152],"workups.":[154],"Assessing":[155],"then":[158],"become":[159],"cost-effective,":[161],"non-invasive":[162],"tool":[163],"aiding":[164],"distinguishing":[166],"early":[167],"from":[169],"primarily":[170],"psychiatric":[171],"disorders.":[172]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-08T12:12:28.789561","created_date":"2026-11-07T00:00:00"}