{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225396246","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-11016916/v1","title":"Factors Associated with Risky Sexual Behaviour among Women Engaged in Cross-border Trade in Lusaka, Zambia","display_name":"Factors Associated with Risky Sexual Behaviour among Women Engaged in Cross-border Trade in Lusaka, Zambia","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225396246","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-11016916/v1"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-11016916/v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-11016916/v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-11016916/v1","pdf_url":"https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-11016916/latest.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525896","display_name":"Research Square","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Research Square","raw_type":"posted-content"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-11016916/latest.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054461077","display_name":"Simson. Mwale","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-5310-0822","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0003-5310-0822"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33278361","display_name":"University of Zambia","ror":"https://ror.org/03gh19d69","country_code":"ZM","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33278361"]}],"countries":["ZM"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Simson Mwale","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Zambia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Zambia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33278361"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037887060","display_name":"Musonda Lemba","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33278361","display_name":"University of Zambia","ror":"https://ror.org/03gh19d69","country_code":"ZM","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33278361"]}],"countries":["ZM"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Musonda Lemba","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Zambia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Zambia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33278361"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019225631","display_name":"Million Phiri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1663-7503","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1663-7503"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33278361","display_name":"University of Zambia","ror":"https://ror.org/03gh19d69","country_code":"ZM","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33278361"]}],"countries":["ZM"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Million Phiri","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Zambia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Zambia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33278361"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33278361"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11350","display_name":"Sex work and related issues","score":0.9678000211715698,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11350","display_name":"Sex work and related issues","score":0.9678000211715698,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10082","display_name":"HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions","score":0.013899999670684338,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10327","display_name":"Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health","score":0.007699999958276749,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sexual-risk-behavior","display_name":"sexual risk behavior","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/women-merchants","display_name":"women traders","score":0.6850000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cross-border-trade","display_name":"cross-border trade","score":0.9490000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/informal-traders","display_name":"informal traders","score":0.6069999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sexual-health","display_name":"sexual health","score":0.6470000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/condom-use","display_name":"condom use","score":0.9729999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alcohol-and-drug-use","display_name":"alcohol and drug use","score":0.6779999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/educational-attainment","display_name":"educational attainment","score":0.5210000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/religious-affiliation","display_name":"religious affiliation","score":0.7360000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lusaka","display_name":"Lusaka","score":0.7049999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/migrant-women-s-health","display_name":"migrant women's health","score":0.47200000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sexual-risk-factors","display_name":"sexual risk factors","score":0.5070000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/paid-sex","display_name":"paid sex","score":0.6150000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/substance-use","display_name":"substance use","score":0.5720000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hiv-risk","display_name":"HIV risk","score":0.3409999907016754}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.6474999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151956035","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1132755","display_name":"Logistic regression","level":2,"score":0.5925999879837036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778371416","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q558116","display_name":"Firth","level":2,"score":0.5899999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143095724","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q515895","display_name":"Odds","level":3,"score":0.5680999755859375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.49559998512268066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779379456","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14076","display_name":"Condom","level":4,"score":0.424699991941452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64341305","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4919225","display_name":"Bivariate analysis","level":2,"score":0.38260000944137573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780202899","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5873","display_name":"Sexual intercourse","level":3,"score":0.34439998865127563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C156957248","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1862216","display_name":"Odds ratio","level":2,"score":0.334199994802475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780742699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1611410","display_name":"Sexual partner","level":4,"score":0.32519999146461487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993290233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q608","display_name":"Sexual behavior","level":2,"score":0.31869998574256897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992713448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q318529","display_name":"Safer sex","level":5,"score":0.3158999979496002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779297142","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3276412","display_name":"Educational attainment","level":2,"score":0.2955000102519989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.2924000024795532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.2897000014781952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198327121","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7410163","display_name":"Sampling frame","level":3,"score":0.28690001368522644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.2849999964237213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117568660","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1650843","display_name":"Multinomial logistic regression","level":2,"score":0.2700999975204468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198477413","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7647069","display_name":"Survey data collection","level":2,"score":0.2676999866962433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4249254","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3044431","display_name":"Demographic economics","level":1,"score":0.2540000081062317}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-11016916/v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-11016916/v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-11016916/v1","pdf_url":"https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-11016916/latest.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525896","display_name":"Research Square","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Research Square","raw_type":"posted-content"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-11016916/v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-11016916/v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-11016916/v1","pdf_url":"https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-11016916/latest.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525896","display_name":"Research Square","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Research Square","raw_type":"posted-content"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.8371999859809875},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/5","display_name":"Gender equality","score":0.7307999730110168},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","score":0.48510000109672546}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7225396246.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7225396246.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":5,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2520580545","https://openalex.org/W3034538385","https://openalex.org/W4293322056","https://openalex.org/W4365503864","https://openalex.org/W4387362712"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4417361156","https://openalex.org/W7171027558","https://openalex.org/W4293457943","https://openalex.org/W3038238816","https://openalex.org/W2958651309","https://openalex.org/W2806042295","https://openalex.org/W1649205078","https://openalex.org/W4396517579","https://openalex.org/W3093449850","https://openalex.org/W4401009307"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Background":[1],"Women":[2,26],"engaged":[3],"in":[4,7,11,34,262,294],"cross-border":[5,32],"trader":[6],"Lusaka,":[8],"Zambia,":[9],"operate":[10],"highly":[12],"mobile":[13,323],"and":[14,23,41,83,103,133,162,183,224,256,283,340],"economically":[15],"vulnerable":[16],"contexts":[17],"that":[18],"contribute":[19],"to":[20,156,248,321,337],"regional":[21],"economies":[22],"household":[24],"livelihoods.":[25],"constitute":[27],"approximately":[28],"70%":[29],"of":[30,43,65,116,139,185,243,279,312],"informal":[31],"traders":[33],"Zambia.":[35],"This":[36],"study":[37],"investigated":[38],"the":[39,73,200,263,295,309,319],"prevalence":[40],"determinants":[42],"risky":[44,97,196,244,291,313],"sexual":[45,80,98,122,144,197,245,292,314,325],"behaviour":[46,246,293],"among":[47,56],"these":[48],"traders.":[49],"Methods":[50],"A":[51,62],"cross-sectional":[52],"survey":[53],"was":[54,70,308],"conducted":[55],"499":[57],"women":[58],"at":[59],"COMESA":[60],"Market.":[61],"sampling":[63],"frame":[64],"632":[66],"women-owned":[67],"trading":[68,178],"units":[69],"obtained":[71],"from":[72,304,333],"CBTA":[74],"register.":[75],"Data":[76],"on":[77],"socio-demographic,":[78],"migratory,":[79],"behaviour,":[81,99],"health,":[82],"substance":[84],"use":[85,187,285],"characteristics":[86],"were":[87,118,126,192,267,286],"collected.":[88],"Firth":[89,202],"Penalised":[90,203],"logistic,":[91],"regression":[92,205],"identified":[93],"factors":[94],"associated":[95,194,289,328],"with":[96,108,195,290,329],"reporting":[100],"crude":[101,264],"(cOR)":[102],"adjusted":[104,201,296],"odds":[105,242],"ratios":[106],"(aOR)":[107],"95%":[109,218,233],"CIs).":[110],"Results":[111],"Eighty-three-point":[112],"four":[113],"percent":[114],"(83.4%)":[115,141],"respondents":[117,125,140,207],"classified":[119],"as":[120],"high-risk":[121,143],"behaviour.":[123,145,198,315],"Most":[124],"married":[127],"(39.4%),":[128],"aged":[129],"35\u201344":[130],"years":[131],"(35.1%),":[132],"had":[134,239],"secondary":[135],"education":[136,257],"(57.1%).":[137],"Majority":[138],"reported":[142],"In":[146,199],"bivariate":[147],"analysis,":[148],"educational":[149,339],"level":[150],"(":[151,158,164,170,179,188],"p":[152,159,165,171,180,189,221,236],"<":[153,160,166,172,181,190,222,237],"0.01),":[154,167,182],"ability":[155],"read":[157],"0.01)":[161,191,223,238],"write":[163],"religious":[168],"affiliation":[169],"0.05),":[173],"days":[174,213,228,253],"spent":[175,209,251,302],"out":[176,214,229],"for":[177,306],"frequency":[184,278],"condom":[186,280],"significantly":[193,240,288],"logistic":[204],"model,":[206],"who":[208,250],"less":[210],"than":[211],"5":[212],"(aOR":[215,230],"=":[216,231],"11.91,":[217],"CI:":[219,234],"4.12\u201334.45,":[220],"6":[225],"or":[226],"more":[227],"8.29,":[232],"3.16\u201321.74,":[235],"higher":[241],"compared":[247],"those":[249],"no":[252],"out.":[254],"Age":[255],"showed":[258],"a":[259],"protective":[260],"effect":[261],"model":[265],"but":[266],"not":[268,287],"significant":[269],"after":[270],"adjustment.":[271],"Marital":[272],"status,":[273],"residence,":[274],"religion,":[275],"paid":[276],"sex,":[277],"use,":[281],"alcohol":[282],"drug":[284],"model.":[297],"Conclusion":[298],"Mobility,":[299],"specifically":[300],"time":[301,331],"away":[303,332],"home":[305],"trading,":[307],"strongest":[310],"predictor":[311],"The":[316],"findings":[317],"highlight":[318],"need":[320],"address":[322],"traders\u2019":[324],"health":[326],"risks":[327],"extended":[330],"home,":[334],"alongside":[335],"efforts":[336],"improve":[338],"literacy":[341],"levels.":[342]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-09T13:22:03.289127","created_date":"2026-11-07T00:00:00"}