{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225396105","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-026-14519-5","title":"Single age cohort health risk distribution of pneumococcal disease among US adults in 2022","display_name":"Single age cohort health risk distribution of pneumococcal disease among US adults in 2022","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225396105","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-026-14519-5"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s12879-026-14519-5","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-026-14519-5","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-026-14519-5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S171015910","display_name":"BMC Infectious Diseases","issn_l":"1471-2334","issn":["1471-2334"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Infectious Diseases","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-026-14519-5","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5115631465","display_name":"Muloongo Simuzingili","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-3738-6189","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0003-3738-6189"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1285764155","display_name":"Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/02891sr49","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1285764155"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Muloongo Simuzingili","raw_affiliation_strings":["Biostatistics & Research Decision Sciences (BARDS), Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA","Biostatistics & Research Decision Sciences, Merck & Co., Inc., WP37A-150, PO Box 1000, West Point, PA, 19486, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Biostatistics & Research Decision Sciences (BARDS), Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1285764155"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Biostatistics & Research Decision Sciences, Merck & Co., Inc., WP37A-150, PO Box 1000, West Point, PA, 19486, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1285764155"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5160989251","display_name":"Yi Zheng","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1285764155","display_name":"Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/02891sr49","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1285764155"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yi Zheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Biostatistics & Research Decision Sciences (BARDS), Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Biostatistics & Research Decision Sciences (BARDS), Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1285764155"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037727253","display_name":"Lei Ai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2802-5774","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2802-5774"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1285764155","display_name":"Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/02891sr49","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1285764155"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lei Ai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Biostatistics & Research Decision Sciences (BARDS), Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Biostatistics & Research Decision Sciences (BARDS), Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1285764155"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5160995022","display_name":"Amy Huang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1285764155","display_name":"Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/02891sr49","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1285764155"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amy Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Biostatistics & Research Decision Sciences (BARDS), Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Biostatistics & Research Decision Sciences (BARDS), Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1285764155"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079785118","display_name":"Kwame Owusu\u2010Edusei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4519-2857","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4519-2857"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1285764155","display_name":"Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/02891sr49","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1285764155"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kwame Owusu-Edusei","raw_affiliation_strings":["Biostatistics & Research Decision Sciences (BARDS), Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Biostatistics & Research Decision Sciences (BARDS), Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1285764155"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5115631465"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1285764155"],"apc_list":{"value":3090,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3090},"apc_paid":{"value":3090,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3090},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10654","display_name":"Pneumonia and Respiratory Infections","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10654","display_name":"Pneumonia and Respiratory Infections","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10873","display_name":"Bacterial Infections and Vaccines","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2404","display_name":"Microbiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11688","display_name":"Microbial infections and disease research","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2404","display_name":"Microbiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pneumococcal-disease","display_name":"pneumococcal infection","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pneumococcal-vaccination","display_name":"pneumococcal vaccination","score":0.8220000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/age-cohorts","display_name":"age cohorts","score":0.5529999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adults","display_name":"adults","score":0.4269999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chronic-lung-disease","display_name":"chronic lung disease","score":0.6800000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chronic-heart-disease","display_name":"chronic heart disease","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cancer","display_name":"cancer","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/commercially-insured-adults","display_name":"commercially insured adults","score":0.7720000147819519}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.8809999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020803494","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2712836","display_name":"Pneumococcal disease","level":4,"score":0.6554999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167135981","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2146302","display_name":"Retrospective cohort study","level":2,"score":0.4950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205545832","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17156455","display_name":"Young adult","level":2,"score":0.49239999055862427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.4681999981403351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201903717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1778788","display_name":"Cohort study","level":2,"score":0.43650001287460327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.4361000061035156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187212893","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q123028","display_name":"Pediatrics","level":1,"score":0.4255000054836273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22070199","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192995","display_name":"Vaccination","level":2,"score":0.39890000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23131810","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q818574","display_name":"Observational study","level":2,"score":0.39739999175071716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72563966","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1303415","display_name":"Cohort","level":2,"score":0.3898000121116638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776152631","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4366062","display_name":"Pneumococcal infections","level":4,"score":0.3603000044822693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107130276","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133805","display_name":"Epidemiology","level":2,"score":0.350600004196167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160735492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207","display_name":"Health care","level":2,"score":0.34209999442100525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50440223","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1475848","display_name":"Risk factor","level":2,"score":0.3379000127315521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12174686","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1058438","display_name":"Risk assessment","level":2,"score":0.31929999589920044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185032368","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1365243","display_name":"Tropical medicine","level":2,"score":0.30489999055862427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779301066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14538008","display_name":"Pneumococcal vaccine","level":4,"score":0.3000999987125397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.29840001463890076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777767895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4691924","display_name":"Age of onset","level":3,"score":0.28209999203681946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.2799000144004822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780664029","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5282120","display_name":"Disease burden","level":3,"score":0.27709999680519104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779473830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540899","display_name":"MEDLINE","level":2,"score":0.27079999446868896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61470247","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7229825","display_name":"Population study","level":3,"score":0.26600000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2910282157","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14538008","display_name":"Pneumococcal vaccination","level":4,"score":0.26600000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C512399662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3505712","display_name":"Family medicine","level":1,"score":0.26179999113082886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207103383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3930246","display_name":"Hazard ratio","level":3,"score":0.25870001316070557}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1186/s12879-026-14519-5","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-026-14519-5","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-026-14519-5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S171015910","display_name":"BMC Infectious Diseases","issn_l":"1471-2334","issn":["1471-2334"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Infectious Diseases","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s12879-026-14519-5","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-026-14519-5","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-026-14519-5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S171015910","display_name":"BMC Infectious Diseases","issn_l":"1471-2334","issn":["1471-2334"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Infectious Diseases","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"},{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.4074000120162964,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320307776","display_name":"Merck","ror":"https://ror.org/02891sr49"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4365150405","https://openalex.org/W2981685352","https://openalex.org/W4406946332","https://openalex.org/W2791223234","https://openalex.org/W2889100560","https://openalex.org/W7155935592","https://openalex.org/W4205764425","https://openalex.org/W4415219779","https://openalex.org/W2728009259","https://openalex.org/W2753518849"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Background":[1],"Pneumococcal":[2],"Disease":[3],"(PD)":[4],"is":[5],"associated":[6],"with":[7,28,132],"significant":[8],"health":[9],"and":[10,31,81,94,117,143,150,164,177,194,204,222,228,244,249,259,336],"economic":[11],"burden":[12],"in":[13,75,84,206],"the":[14,45,60,144,148,168,179,207,226,236,254,262,274,294,298],"US.":[15],"The":[16,86,184],"Advisory":[17],"Committee":[18],"on":[19,59,125],"Immunization":[20],"Practices":[21],"(ACIP)":[22],"recommends":[23],"pneumococcal":[24,316,341],"vaccination":[25],"for":[26],"adults":[27,53,100,212,281],"immunocompromised":[29],"conditions":[30,34,50,146],"chronic":[32,250],"medical":[33],"who":[35],"are":[36],"at":[37],"increased":[38],"risk":[39,49,87,158,318,334,343],"of":[40,47,63,88,97,110,170,280,315],"PD.":[41],"This":[42,303],"study":[43,69,185,304],"examines":[44],"distribution":[46,319],"PD":[48,89],"among":[51,72,99,130,320],"US":[52,76,323],"by":[54,139,219,309],"single":[55],"age":[56,141,162,346],"cohorts,":[57],"based":[58,124],"ACIP":[61],"classification":[62],"conditions.":[64],"Methods":[65],"A":[66],"retrospective":[67],"observational":[68],"was":[70,105,195,239,261],"conducted":[71],"individuals":[73,131],"enrolled":[74],"IBM@":[77],"MarketScan":[78],"Commercial":[79],"Claims":[80],"Encounters":[82],"(CCAE)":[83],"2022.":[85],"(low-risk":[90],"(LR),":[91],"moderate-risk":[92],"(MR),":[93],"high-risk":[95],"(HR)":[96],"PD)":[98],"aged":[101,200,233,241],"\u2265":[102],"18":[103],"years":[104,202,243],"classified":[106,214,277],"using":[107,160,171,288],"International":[108],"Classification":[109],"Diseases,":[111],"Clinical":[112,348],"Modification":[113],"version":[114,121],"10":[115],"(ICD-10-CM)":[116],"Current":[118],"Procedural":[119],"Terminology":[120],"4":[122],"codes,":[123],"a":[126,172,289],"5-year":[127],"lookback":[128,175,291],"period":[129,176,292],"continuous":[133,180,299],"enrollment.":[134],"Risk":[135],"distributions":[136,159],"were":[137,153,213,231,253],"summarized":[138,157],"single-year":[140],"cohort,":[142],"clinical":[145],"comprising":[147],"MR":[149,220,229,257,283],"HR":[151,223,237,265,285],"categories":[152],"described.":[154],"Supplementary":[155],"analyses":[156,166,268,287],"broader":[161],"categories,":[163],"sensitivity":[165],"assessed":[167],"impact":[169],"shorter":[173],"2-year":[174,290],"removing":[178],"enrollment":[181,300],"requirement.":[182,301],"Results":[183],"population":[186],"included":[187],"more":[188,196],"females":[189],"(52.2%)":[190],"than":[191,286],"males":[192],"(47.8%)":[193],"likely":[197],"to":[198],"be":[199],"18\u201349":[201,234],"(55.5%)":[203],"living":[205],"South":[208],"region":[209],"(44.9%).":[210],"Most":[211],"as":[215,282],"LR":[216,227],"(58.4%),":[217],"followed":[218],"(28.1%)":[221],"(13.5%).":[224],"While":[225],"groups":[230],"predominantly":[232],"years,":[235],"group":[238],"primarily":[240],"50\u201364":[242],"female.":[245],"Chronic":[246],"lung":[247],"disease":[248,252,317,342],"heart":[251],"most":[255,263],"prevalent":[256,264],"conditions,":[258],"cancer":[260],"condition.":[266],"Sensitivity":[267],"showed":[269],"similar":[270],"age-related":[271],"patterns,":[272,335],"although":[273],"primary":[275],"analysis":[276],"higher":[278],"proportions":[279],"or":[284,293],"full":[295],"sample":[296],"without":[297],"Conclusions":[302],"addresses":[305],"an":[306],"evidence":[307],"gap":[308],"providing":[310],"descriptive":[311],"single-age":[312],"cohort":[313],"estimates":[314,326],"commercially":[321],"insured":[322],"adults.":[324],"These":[325],"may":[327],"support":[328],"future":[329],"modelling":[330],"analyses,":[331],"contextualize":[332],"age-specific":[333],"inform":[337],"hypothesis":[338],"generation":[339],"regarding":[340],"across":[344],"adult":[345],"groups.":[347],"trial":[349],"Not":[350],"applicable.":[351]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-08T12:12:28.789561","created_date":"2026-11-07T00:00:00"}