{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225393571","doi":"https://doi.org/10.20372/ejed.v08i1.03","title":"Determinants of agroforestry-based smallholder farmers\u2019 choices of adaptation to climate change and variability in southern Rift Valley Escarpments of Ethiopia","display_name":"Determinants of agroforestry-based smallholder farmers\u2019 choices of adaptation to climate change and variability in southern Rift Valley Escarpments of Ethiopia","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225393571","doi":"https://doi.org/10.20372/ejed.v08i1.03"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:duj.10.150.5.250:article/623","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://journal.du.edu.et/index.php/ejed/article/view/623","pdf_url":"https://journal.du.edu.et/index.php/ejed/article/download/623/201","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407077062","display_name":"Ethiopian Journal of Environment and Development","issn_l":"3080-2520","issn":["3080-2520","3080-2539"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210136909","host_organization_name":"Dilla University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210136909"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"10.20372/ejed.v08i1","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://journal.du.edu.et/index.php/ejed/article/download/623/201","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004806407","display_name":"Tigist Gezahegn","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gezahegn1, Tigistu","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046205018","display_name":"Mesele Negash","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4329-614X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4329-614X"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Negash, Mesele","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009672915","display_name":"Eshetu Yirsaw","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3713-5075","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3713-5075"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yirsaw, Eshetu","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10439","display_name":"Climate change impacts on agriculture","score":0.8457000255584717,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1102","display_name":"Agronomy and Crop Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10439","display_name":"Climate change impacts on agriculture","score":0.8457000255584717,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1102","display_name":"Agronomy and Crop Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10367","display_name":"Agricultural Innovations and Practices","score":0.11630000174045563,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1100","display_name":"General Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12630","display_name":"African Botany and Ecology Studies","score":0.022600000724196434,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1107","display_name":"Forestry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agroforestry-adoption","display_name":"agroforestry adoption","score":0.9049999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/climate-change-adaptation","display_name":"climate change adaptation","score":0.968999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smallholder-farmers","display_name":"smallholder farmers","score":0.9819999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/climate-resilience","display_name":"climate resilience","score":0.777999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/determinants-of-adoption","display_name":"adoption factors","score":0.8610000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/household-characteristics","display_name":"household characteristics","score":0.640999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/local-institutions","display_name":"local institutions","score":0.47600001096725464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/food-security","display_name":"food security","score":0.8960000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gedeo-zone","display_name":"Gedeo Zone","score":0.8690000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rural-development","display_name":"rural development","score":0.5339999794960022}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C549605437","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1229911","display_name":"Food security","level":3,"score":0.6277999877929688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107826830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q929380","display_name":"Environmental resource management","level":1,"score":0.49939998984336853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.49779999256134033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39896193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380344","display_name":"Descriptive statistics","level":2,"score":0.47620001435279846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137176749","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4105337","display_name":"Psychological resilience","level":2,"score":0.4717999994754791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56995899","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1126687","display_name":"Focus group","level":2,"score":0.4593999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132651083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7942","display_name":"Climate change","level":2,"score":0.444599986076355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118518473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11451","display_name":"Agriculture","level":2,"score":0.4361000061035156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87156501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7268708","display_name":"Qualitative property","level":2,"score":0.41110000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45355965","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1643441","display_name":"Socioeconomics","level":1,"score":0.40529999136924744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779507241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17072637","display_name":"Climate resilience","level":3,"score":0.4016000032424927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74196892","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7781188","display_name":"Thematic analysis","level":3,"score":0.375900000333786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27415008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7256382","display_name":"Psychological intervention","level":2,"score":0.3700999915599823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66204764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q219416","display_name":"Sustainability","level":2,"score":0.35190001130104065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117568660","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1650843","display_name":"Multinomial logistic regression","level":2,"score":0.3456999957561493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91375879","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15473274","display_name":"Environmental planning","level":1,"score":0.3215000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17923572","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7250160","display_name":"Propensity score matching","level":2,"score":0.3149000108242035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190248442","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q839486","display_name":"Qualitative research","level":2,"score":0.31040000915527344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.30469998717308044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95713431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q631425","display_name":"Vulnerability (computing)","level":2,"score":0.30230000615119934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151956035","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1132755","display_name":"Logistic regression","level":2,"score":0.2937999963760376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780210451","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3433166","display_name":"Climate risk","level":3,"score":0.289000004529953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14224292","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13600188","display_name":"Conceptual framework","level":2,"score":0.27889999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76178495","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4808784","display_name":"Asset (computer security)","level":2,"score":0.2773999869823456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C128383755","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3816336","display_name":"Agricultural productivity","level":3,"score":0.27619999647140503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70437156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7228652","display_name":"Pooling","level":2,"score":0.2750000059604645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165064840","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1321061","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.2705000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90673727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901718","display_name":"Product (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.26080000400543213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3987366","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6658164","display_name":"Livelihood","level":3,"score":0.25609999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189326681","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10294","display_name":"Poverty","level":2,"score":0.25600001215934753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54286561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q397350","display_name":"Agroforestry","level":1,"score":0.2558000087738037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20555606","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q868575","display_name":"Empowerment","level":2,"score":0.25369998812675476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C156005406","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2787508","display_name":"Subsistence agriculture","level":3,"score":0.2533000111579895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114990195","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1430548","display_name":"Effects of global warming","level":4,"score":0.2524000108242035}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:duj.10.150.5.250:article/623","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://journal.du.edu.et/index.php/ejed/article/view/623","pdf_url":"https://journal.du.edu.et/index.php/ejed/article/download/623/201","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407077062","display_name":"Ethiopian Journal of Environment and Development","issn_l":"3080-2520","issn":["3080-2520","3080-2539"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210136909","host_organization_name":"Dilla University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210136909"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"10.20372/ejed.v08i1","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"doi:10.20372/ejed.v08i1.03","doi":"https://doi.org/10.20372/ejed.v08i1.03","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.20372/ejed.v08i1.03","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407050969","display_name":"National Academic Digital Repository of Ethiopia","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:duj.10.150.5.250:article/623","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://journal.du.edu.et/index.php/ejed/article/view/623","pdf_url":"https://journal.du.edu.et/index.php/ejed/article/download/623/201","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407077062","display_name":"Ethiopian Journal of Environment and Development","issn_l":"3080-2520","issn":["3080-2520","3080-2539"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210136909","host_organization_name":"Dilla University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210136909"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"10.20372/ejed.v08i1","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9786999821662903,"display_name":"Climate action","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13"},{"score":0.8928999900817871,"display_name":"No poverty","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/1"},{"score":0.8409000039100647,"display_name":"Zero hunger","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2"},{"score":0.5263000130653381,"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8"},{"score":0.4000000059604645,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320331477","display_name":"Dilla University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ahz4692"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7225393571.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7225393571.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":4,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2086710305","https://openalex.org/W2320519748","https://openalex.org/W2898266879","https://openalex.org/W2942118487"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4379231238","https://openalex.org/W4410956770","https://openalex.org/W7127583403","https://openalex.org/W7117784435","https://openalex.org/W6963759716","https://openalex.org/W4412455087","https://openalex.org/W7155049032","https://openalex.org/W7167225498","https://openalex.org/W4414115057","https://openalex.org/W4389673095"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Climate":[0],"change":[1],"poses":[2],"substantial":[3],"risks":[4],"to":[5,54,72,97,170,199,240],"agriculture":[6],"and":[7,46,68,83,101,117,124,140,177,179,213,237,247],"food":[8,248],"security":[9,249],"in":[10,16,32,137,174,250],"Ethiopia,":[11],"particularly":[12],"among":[13,30],"smallholder":[14],"farmers":[15,31,136],"the":[17,24,33,41,133,209,230,251],"southern":[18],"Rift":[19],"Valley.":[20],"This":[21,207],"study":[22,42,183],"investigates":[23],"key":[25,69],"determinants":[26],"influencing":[27,159],"adaptation":[28,161],"choices":[29,162],"Gedeo":[34,252],"Zone.":[35,253],"Employing":[36],"an":[37],"explanatory":[38],"research":[39],"design,":[40],"integrates":[43],"both":[44],"quantitative":[45],"qualitative":[47,74,107],"methodologies.":[48],"A":[49],"structured":[50],"questionnaire":[51],"was":[52],"administered":[53],"a":[55,84,92,152,220],"sample":[56],"of":[57,135,193,202,223],"384":[58],"households":[59],"across":[60],"three":[61],"districts,":[62],"complemented":[63],"by":[64],"focus":[65],"group":[66],"discussions":[67],"informant":[70],"interviews":[71],"enrich":[73],"insights.":[75],"Quantitative":[76],"data":[77,108],"were":[78,109,120],"analyzed":[79],"using":[80],"descriptive":[81],"statistics":[82],"propensity":[85],"score":[86],"matching":[87],"(PSM)":[88],"framework,":[89],"combined":[90],"with":[91,191],"binary":[93],"logistic":[94],"regression":[95],"model":[96],"estimate":[98],"treatment":[99],"effects":[100],"control":[102],"for":[103,233],"confounding":[104],"variables.":[105],"Concurrently,":[106],"examined":[110],"through":[111],"thematic":[112,128],"analysis,":[113],"where":[114],"emergent":[115],"patterns":[116],"recurrent":[118],"concepts":[119],"systematically":[121],"identified,":[122],"categorized,":[123],"synthesized":[125],"into":[126],"coherent":[127],"constructs.":[129],"Findings":[130],"reveal":[131],"that":[132,185],"majority":[134],"Kochere":[138],"(65.67%)":[139],"Wonago":[141],"(62.16%)":[142],"districts":[143],"do":[144],"not":[145],"adopt":[146],"agroforestry,":[147,242],"whereas":[148],"Yirgachefe":[149],"district":[150],"exhibits":[151],"higher":[153],"adoption":[154],"rate":[155],"(51.08%).":[156],"Factors":[157],"significantly":[158],"agroforestry-based":[160],"include":[163],"household":[164],"age,":[165],"gender,":[166],"farm":[167],"size,":[168],"access":[169],"basic":[171],"services,":[172],"participation":[173],"local":[175],"institutions,":[176],"wealth":[178],"asset":[180],"status.":[181],"The":[182,227],"demonstrates":[184],"agroforestry":[186,212],"substantially":[187],"enhances":[188],"climate":[189,214],"resilience,":[190,245],"59.75%":[192],"adopters":[194],"reporting":[195],"improved":[196],"resilience":[197,215],"compared":[198],"only":[200],"5.78%":[201],"non-adopters":[203],"(t-value":[204],"=":[205],"14.32).":[206],"proven":[208],"synergy":[210],"between":[211],"firmly":[216],"establishes":[217],"it":[218],"as":[219],"strategic":[221],"pillar":[222],"sustainable":[224],"rural":[225],"development.":[226],"results":[228],"underscore":[229],"urgent":[231],"need":[232],"targeted":[234],"policy":[235],"interventions":[236],"community-driven":[238],"strategies":[239],"promote":[241],"thereby":[243],"fostering":[244],"sustainability,":[246]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2026-11-07T00:00:00"}