{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225390189","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2166/wpt.2026.533","title":"Potential to enhance water productivity for wheat crop in irrigated areas of IBIS, Pakistan, using sensor-based irrigation scheduling","display_name":"Potential to enhance water productivity for wheat crop in irrigated areas of IBIS, Pakistan, using sensor-based irrigation scheduling","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225390189","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2166/wpt.2026.533"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2166/wpt.2026.533","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2166/wpt.2026.533","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2166/wpt.2026.533","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S137656717","display_name":"Water Practice & Technology","issn_l":"1751-231X","issn":["1751-231X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-d","jufo-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-20","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320510","host_organization_name":"UWA Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320510"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["UWA Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Water Practice &amp; Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092583023","display_name":"Muhammad Ahmad Rustam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-0399-4387","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0000-0399-4387"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210102737","display_name":"Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0161dyt30","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210102737"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Ahmad Rustam","raw_affiliation_strings":["a Department of Agricultural Engineering, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan 64200, Pakistan","b Centre for Water, Land and Ecosystem (CWLE), KFUEIT, Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan","c International Water Management Institute, Lahore, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-0399-4387","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"a Department of Agricultural Engineering, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan 64200, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210102737"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"b Centre for Water, Land and Ecosystem (CWLE), KFUEIT, Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210102737"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"c International Water Management Institute, Lahore, Pakistan","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102850611","display_name":"Muhammad Shehzad Ashraf","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8617-0320","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8617-0320"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210102737","display_name":"Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0161dyt30","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210102737"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Ashraf","raw_affiliation_strings":["a Department of Agricultural Engineering, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan 64200, Pakistan","b Centre for Water, Land and Ecosystem (CWLE), KFUEIT, Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8617-0320","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"a Department of Agricultural Engineering, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan 64200, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210102737"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"b Centre for Water, Land and Ecosystem (CWLE), KFUEIT, Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210102737"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064286380","display_name":"Yasir Niaz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-4596-8732","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0008-4596-8732"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210102737","display_name":"Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0161dyt30","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210102737"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yasir Niaz","raw_affiliation_strings":["a Department of Agricultural Engineering, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan 64200, Pakistan","b Centre for Water, Land and Ecosystem (CWLE), KFUEIT, Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-4596-8732","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"a Department of Agricultural Engineering, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan 64200, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210102737"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"b Centre for Water, Land and Ecosystem (CWLE), KFUEIT, Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210102737"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111868715","display_name":"Mohsin Hafeez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4115-2994","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4115-2994"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohsin Hafeez","raw_affiliation_strings":["c International Water Management Institute, Lahore, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4115-2994","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"c International Water Management Institute, Lahore, Pakistan","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5102850611"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210102737"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11404","display_name":"Irrigation Practices and Water Management","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1111","display_name":"Soil Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11404","display_name":"Irrigation Practices and Water Management","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1111","display_name":"Soil Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12710","display_name":"Engineering and Agricultural Innovations","score":0.0008999999845400453,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2312","display_name":"Water Science and Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10616","display_name":"Smart Agriculture and AI","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/water-productivity","display_name":"water productivity","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soil-moisture-sensors","display_name":"soil moisture sensors","score":0.9779999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wheat","display_name":"wheat","score":0.875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/indus-basin-irrigation-system","display_name":"Indus Basin Irrigation System","score":0.925000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/center-pivot-irrigation","display_name":"center pivot irrigation","score":0.8600000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/surface-irrigation","display_name":"surface irrigation","score":0.7829999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/border-irrigation","display_name":"border irrigation","score":0.7900000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/water-stress","display_name":"water stress","score":0.8479999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/water-saving","display_name":"water saving","score":0.7760000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing-of-irrigation","display_name":"remote sensing of irrigation","score":0.6899999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crop-health","display_name":"crop health","score":0.578000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crop-yield","display_name":"crop yield","score":0.47600001096725464}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88862950","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11453","display_name":"Irrigation","level":2,"score":0.8636999726295471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777589951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6073845","display_name":"Irrigation scheduling","level":3,"score":0.8593999743461609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.7451000213623047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195092306","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3777161","display_name":"Deficit irrigation","level":4,"score":0.6420999765396118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136325355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6692750","display_name":"Low-flow irrigation systems","level":4,"score":0.6064000129699707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112077630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2623678","display_name":"Irrigation management","level":3,"score":0.5831999778747559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133012379","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6073853","display_name":"Irrigation statistics","level":5,"score":0.5636000037193298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88463610","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194118","display_name":"Agricultural engineering","level":1,"score":0.5511000156402588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C524765639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1501619","display_name":"Water resource management","level":1,"score":0.5146999955177307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41478065","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7645983","display_name":"Surface irrigation","level":3,"score":0.4781000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110158866","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1462136","display_name":"Water conservation","level":3,"score":0.38999998569488525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24939127","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q373499","display_name":"Water content","level":2,"score":0.34200000762939453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206729178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2271896","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","level":2,"score":0.3321000039577484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137580998","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q235352","display_name":"Crop","level":2,"score":0.31869998574256897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.2849000096321106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8625798","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q752112","display_name":"Surface water","level":2,"score":0.2818000018596649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76886044","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2883300","display_name":"Hydrology (agriculture)","level":2,"score":0.267300009727478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778673487","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6894868","display_name":"Moisture stress","level":3,"score":0.2623000144958496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149207113","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26534","display_name":"Water use","level":2,"score":0.258899986743927}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2166/wpt.2026.533","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2166/wpt.2026.533","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2166/wpt.2026.533","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S137656717","display_name":"Water Practice & Technology","issn_l":"1751-231X","issn":["1751-231X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-d","jufo-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-20","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320510","host_organization_name":"UWA Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320510"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["UWA Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Water Practice &amp; Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.958299994468689,"display_name":"Zero hunger","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2"},{"score":0.7778000235557556,"display_name":"Clean water and sanitation","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6"},{"score":0.4943999946117401,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2149299919","https://openalex.org/W2170330035","https://openalex.org/W2175473976","https://openalex.org/W2771750192","https://openalex.org/W2908948085","https://openalex.org/W2913377593","https://openalex.org/W2923077537","https://openalex.org/W2976237496","https://openalex.org/W3199084742","https://openalex.org/W3212846049","https://openalex.org/W4317566440","https://openalex.org/W4320525843","https://openalex.org/W4393210621"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4402106629","https://openalex.org/W4295017214","https://openalex.org/W4401549650","https://openalex.org/W7223378370","https://openalex.org/W2981717355","https://openalex.org/W4293576862","https://openalex.org/W4385440875","https://openalex.org/W4403628925","https://openalex.org/W6963452576","https://openalex.org/W7215411322"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"ABSTRACT":[0],"Water":[1],"stress":[2],"in":[3,31,89,102,164],"irrigated":[4],"areas":[5],"of":[6,41,131,138,150,175],"the":[7,15,39,56,99,129,136,145,151,158,172,181,185],"Indus":[8],"Basin":[9],"Irrigation":[10,25,52],"System":[11],"(IBIS),":[12],"Pakistan,":[13,170],"underscores":[14],"need":[16,182],"to":[17,112,155,183],"further":[18,156],"enhance":[19,157],"water":[20,114],"productivity":[21],"(WP)":[22],"through":[23],"effective":[24],"scheduling":[26,44,67,188],"using":[27],"recent":[28],"technological":[29],"developments":[30],"soil":[32],"moisture":[33],"sensors":[34],"(SMS).":[35],"This":[36],"study":[37,152],"investigates":[38],"effectiveness":[40],"SMS-based":[42],"irrigation":[43,48,66,78,96,108,122,139,187],"under":[45,106],"surface":[46,77,95,107],"(border)":[47],"and":[49,73,79,141,160],"Central":[50],"Pivot":[51],"Systems":[53],"(CPIS)":[54],"for":[55,76,135],"wheat":[57],"crop":[58,142,162],"during":[59],"2022\u201323.":[60],"The":[61,148],"results":[62],"indicate":[63],"that":[64],"sensor-based":[65],"substantially":[68],"improves":[69],"WP":[70,91,103,159],"by":[71,118,191],"1.6":[72],"1.3":[74],"kg/m3":[75],"CPIS,":[80],"respectively,":[81],"compared":[82],"with":[83,171],"conventional":[84,186],"farms.":[85],"Although":[86],"CPIS":[87,192],"resulted":[88],"higher":[90],"(7.3":[92],"kg/m3)":[93,105],"than":[94],"(5.4":[97],"kg/m3),":[98],"larger":[100],"increase":[101,161],"(1.6":[104],"can":[109],"be":[110],"attributed":[111],"greater":[113],"savings":[115],"(59":[116],"mm)":[117],"avoiding":[119],"a":[120],"single":[121],"event.":[123],"Additionally,":[124],"remote":[125],"sensing":[126],"analysis":[127],"highlights":[128],"potential":[130],"high-resolution":[132],"RS":[133],"data":[134],"assessment":[137],"practice":[140],"health":[143],"at":[144],"field":[146],"scale.":[147],"findings":[149,179],"provide":[153],"evidence":[154],"yields":[163],"water-stressed":[165],"basins":[166],"such":[167],"as":[168],"IBIS,":[169],"broader":[173],"adoption":[174],"SMS":[176],"technology.":[177],"Moreover,":[178],"underscore":[180],"improve":[184],"approach":[189],"used":[190],"operators.":[193]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-08T12:12:28.789561","created_date":"2026-11-07T00:00:00"}
