{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225388253","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-11250168/v1","title":"Korean Reunification in the 21st Century: Policy Legacies, External Factors, Nuclear Realities, and Emerging Voices of the New Generation","display_name":"Korean Reunification in the 21st Century: Policy Legacies, External Factors, Nuclear Realities, and Emerging Voices of the New Generation","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225388253","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-11250168/v1"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-11250168/v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-11250168/v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-11250168/v1","pdf_url":"https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-11250168/latest.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525896","display_name":"Research Square","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Research Square","raw_type":"posted-content"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-11250168/latest.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027268157","display_name":"Vinay Kumar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0702-5166","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0702-5166"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I110166357","display_name":"University of Delhi","ror":"https://ror.org/04gzb2213","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110166357"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"VINAY KUMAR","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Delhi"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Delhi","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110166357"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5027268157"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110166357"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13337","display_name":"Korean Peninsula Historical and Political Studies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13337","display_name":"Korean Peninsula Historical and Political Studies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13993","display_name":"Historical Geopolitical and Social Dynamics","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10053","display_name":"International Relations and Foreign Policy","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/korean-reunification","display_name":"Korean reunification","score":0.9940000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/division-of-korea","display_name":"Korean division","score":0.6650000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sunshine-policy","display_name":"Sunshine Policy","score":0.7300000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/north-korean-nuclear-program","display_name":"North Korean nuclear program","score":0.7770000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inter-korean-economic-integration","display_name":"inter-Korean economic integration","score":0.5820000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/absorption-model","display_name":"absorption model","score":0.4950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/peace-regime","display_name":"peace regime","score":0.6110000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regional-security","display_name":"regional security","score":0.6039999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/refugee-crisis","display_name":"refugee crisis","score":0.36000001430511475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nationalism","display_name":"nationalism","score":0.48100000619888306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/south-korean-politics","display_name":"South Korean politics","score":0.3610000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/functional-integration","display_name":"functional integration","score":0.48500001430511475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inter-korean-relations","display_name":"inter-Korean relations","score":0.5099999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cold-war","display_name":"Cold War","score":0.3179999887943268}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29598333","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50675","display_name":"Historiography","level":2,"score":0.7193999886512756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158071213","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7257","display_name":"Ideology","level":3,"score":0.6678000092506409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201960208","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159385","display_name":"Geopolitics","level":3,"score":0.647599995136261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138921699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47555","display_name":"Political economy","level":1,"score":0.564300000667572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68346564","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6229","display_name":"Authoritarianism","level":4,"score":0.5525000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.5174000263214111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.5090000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2994556059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56039","display_name":"German reunification","level":3,"score":0.4050999879837036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123588078","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34763","display_name":"Peninsula","level":2,"score":0.388700008392334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555826173","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7174","display_name":"Democracy","level":3,"score":0.38749998807907104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.3765999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778355321","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17079427","display_name":"Identity (music)","level":2,"score":0.3675000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.36579999327659607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34355311","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q166542","display_name":"International relations","level":3,"score":0.35190001130104065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136264566","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159810","display_name":"Economy","level":1,"score":0.321399986743927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194110935","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12802","display_name":"Nuclear weapon","level":2,"score":0.3034999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777054862","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q392160","display_name":"Failed state","level":3,"score":0.29760000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778407155","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1880695","display_name":"National identity","level":3,"score":0.2946000099182129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C509929229","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3312693","display_name":"International security","level":2,"score":0.28870001435279846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76775654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q27231","display_name":"East Asia","level":3,"score":0.2831000089645386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47768531","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1127188","display_name":"Development economics","level":1,"score":0.27790001034736633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154775046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188","display_name":"German","level":2,"score":0.263700008392334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137355542","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q362","display_name":"World War II","level":2,"score":0.26249998807907104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779175671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1780201","display_name":"State-building","level":3,"score":0.26249998807907104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79165680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1280151","display_name":"Security studies","level":2,"score":0.2596000134944916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C521449643","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6235","display_name":"Nationalism","level":3,"score":0.2563999891281128}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-11250168/v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-11250168/v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-11250168/v1","pdf_url":"https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-11250168/latest.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525896","display_name":"Research Square","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Research Square","raw_type":"posted-content"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-11250168/v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-11250168/v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-11250168/v1","pdf_url":"https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-11250168/latest.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525896","display_name":"Research Square","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Research Square","raw_type":"posted-content"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5473999977111816,"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7225388253.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7225388253.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":3,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2811179939","https://openalex.org/W4406093314","https://openalex.org/W4408435241"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7162493417","https://openalex.org/W7169971163","https://openalex.org/W4401897625","https://openalex.org/W3081146725","https://openalex.org/W2037614704","https://openalex.org/W4389860616","https://openalex.org/W1732022373","https://openalex.org/W3166787630","https://openalex.org/W2465930424","https://openalex.org/W2235176391"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"The":[1,86,161,227,292],"issue":[2],"of":[3,8,25,35,88,99,167,212,255,298,303,338,349],"Korean":[4,27,37,93,128,437],"reunification":[5,133,168,213,232,357],"remains":[6,361,387],"one":[7],"the":[9,23,26,32,36,39,66,92,109,119,164,201,236,253,296,323,332,335,379,388,464],"most":[10,389],"significant":[11],"unresolved":[12],"questions":[13],"in":[14,29,301,317,431,463],"contemporary":[15,125,412],"international":[16,465],"politics":[17],"and":[18,31,49,59,83,105,114,124,157,178,185,195,223,247,252,277,289,312,344,375,384,400,411,428,451,459],"East":[19,432],"Asian":[20],"studies.":[21],"Since":[22],"division":[24,89],"Peninsula":[28,94],"1945":[30],"subsequent":[33],"outbreak":[34],"War,":[38],"two":[40,333],"Koreas":[41],"have":[42],"evolved":[43],"into":[44,65,72,95],"sharply":[45],"contrasting":[46],"political,":[47],"economic,":[48],"ideological":[50,151,179],"systems.":[51],"While":[52],"South":[53,269,318],"Korea":[54,70],"emerged":[55],"as":[56,139,146,274,448],"a":[57,73,96,140,147,256,362,366,401,449],"democratic":[58],"technologically":[60],"advanced":[61],"capitalist":[62],"state":[63],"integrated":[64],"global":[67,106],"economy,":[68],"North":[69,304],"developed":[71],"centralized":[74],"socialist":[75],"regime":[76,259,359],"characterized":[77],"by":[78,219,240,455],"authoritarian":[79],"governance,":[80],"military":[81,176,310],"prioritization,":[82],"nuclear":[84,221,306],"deterrence.":[85],"persistence":[87],"has":[90,207],"transformed":[91],"critical":[97],"site":[98],"geopolitical":[100,461],"competition":[101],"involving":[102,150],"major":[103,231],"regional":[104,158,224,376,398,429],"powers,":[107],"including":[108,235,328],"United":[110],"States,":[111],"China,":[112],"Japan,":[113],"Russia.":[115],"This":[116,320],"paper":[117,228],"examines":[118],"historical":[120,407],"evolution,":[121],"historiographical":[122,409],"interpretations,":[123],"debates":[126,420],"surrounding":[127],"reunification.":[129],"It":[130,352,434],"argues":[131,353],"that":[132,188,354,382,436],"should":[134,445],"not":[135],"be":[136,446],"understood":[137,447],"merely":[138],"territorial":[141],"or":[142],"political":[143,262,315,341,396],"merger,":[144],"but":[145],"multidimensional":[148],"process":[149,453],"reconciliation,":[152],"economic":[153,246,287,329],"restructuring,":[154],"identity":[155,193],"reconstruction,":[156],"security":[159,403,430],"transformation.":[160],"study":[162,321],"traces":[163],"changing":[165],"historiography":[166],"from":[169,209],"Cold":[170],"War":[171,183,424],"realist":[172],"frameworks,":[173],"which":[174,280],"emphasized":[175],"confrontation":[177],"competition,":[180],"to":[181,268,282,326,418],"post-Cold":[182,423],"liberal":[184],"constructivist":[186],"approaches":[187,300],"focus":[189],"on":[190,421],"engagement,":[191],"interdependence,":[192],"formation,":[194],"peace-building":[196],"mechanisms.":[197],"In":[198],"doing":[199],"so,":[200],"article":[202,293,380,416],"highlights":[203],"how":[204],"scholarly":[205],"discourse":[206],"shifted":[208],"deterministic":[210],"notions":[211],"toward":[214],"more":[215],"nuanced":[216],"interpretations":[217],"shaped":[218,454],"globalization,":[220],"politics,":[222],"strategic":[225,347],"rivalry.":[226],"critically":[229],"evaluates":[230],"models":[233],",":[234,279,308,343,374],"absorption":[237],"model":[238],"inspired":[239],"German":[241],"Reunification,":[242],"gradual":[243,383],"integration":[244,386],"through":[245,285,358],"cultural":[248],"cooperation,":[249,399],"confederation-based":[250],"proposals,":[251],"possibility":[254],"long-term":[257,450],"peace":[258],"without":[260],"immediate":[261],"unification.":[263],"Particular":[264],"attention":[265],"is":[266],"given":[267],"Korea\u2019s":[270,305],"engagement":[271],"strategies":[272],"such":[273,365],"Sunshine":[275],"Policy":[276],"Nordpolitik":[278],"attempted":[281],"reduce":[283],"tensions":[284],"dialogue,":[286],"exchange,":[288],"diplomatic":[290],"normalization.":[291],"also":[294],"explores":[295],"limitations":[297],"these":[299],"light":[302],"ambitions":[307],"recurring":[309],"crises,":[311],"shifting":[313],"domestic":[314],"priorities":[316],"Korea.":[319],"investigates":[322],"structural":[324],"obstacles":[325],"reunification,":[327,438],"asymmetry":[330],"between":[331],"Koreas,":[334],"humanitarian":[336],"implications":[337],"integration,":[339],"divergent":[340],"cultures":[342],"t":[345],"he":[346],"calculations":[348],"neighboring":[350],"powers.":[351],"while":[355],"sudden":[356],"collapse":[360],"theoretical":[363],"possibility,":[364],"scenario":[367],"could":[368],"generate":[369],"severe":[370],"instability,":[371],"refugee":[372],"crises":[373],"conflict.":[377],"Consequently,":[378],"contends":[381],"functional":[385],"feasible":[390],"pathway,":[391],"although":[392],"it":[393],"requires":[394],"sustained":[395],"commitment,":[397],"stable":[402],"environment.":[404],"By":[405],"combining":[406],"analysis,":[408],"review,":[410],"policy":[413],"evaluation,":[414],"this":[415],"contributes":[417],"broader":[419],"nationalism,":[422],"order,":[425],"conflict":[426],"resolution,":[427],"Asia.":[433],"concludes":[435],"rather":[439],"than":[440],"being":[441],"an":[442],"imminent":[443],"event,":[444],"evolving":[452],"both":[456],"inter-Korean":[457],"relations":[458],"wider":[460],"transformations":[462],"system.":[466]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-09T13:22:03.289127","created_date":"2026-11-07T00:00:00"}