{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225385665","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-11392988/v1","title":"Association Between Time-Varying Serum Albumin and All-Cause Mortality in Peritoneal Dialysis Patients: A Retrospective Cohort Study Time-Varying Serum Albumin and Mortality in Peritoneal Dialysis","display_name":"Association Between Time-Varying Serum Albumin and All-Cause Mortality in Peritoneal Dialysis Patients: A Retrospective Cohort Study Time-Varying Serum Albumin and Mortality in Peritoneal Dialysis","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225385665","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-11392988/v1"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-11392988/v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-11392988/v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-11392988/v1","pdf_url":"https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-11392988/latest.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525896","display_name":"Research Square","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Research Square","raw_type":"posted-content"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-11392988/latest.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5143982511","display_name":"Yuping Sun","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90610280","display_name":"South China University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0530pts50","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuping Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["South China University of Technology"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"South China University of Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161136031","display_name":"Liling Chen","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210164089","display_name":"Gaozhou People's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/05ptrtc51","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210164089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liling Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Gaozhou People's Hospital"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Gaozhou People's Hospital","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210164089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161118853","display_name":"Chuchu Chen","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210164089","display_name":"Gaozhou People's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/05ptrtc51","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210164089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chuchu Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Gaozhou People's Hospital"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Gaozhou People's Hospital","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210164089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161027798","display_name":"Miaotong Huang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210164089","display_name":"Gaozhou People's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/05ptrtc51","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210164089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Miaotong Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Gaozhou People's Hospital"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Gaozhou People's Hospital","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210164089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5143956558","display_name":"Jiayi Chen","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90610280","display_name":"South China University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0530pts50","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiayi Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["South China University of Technology"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"South China University of Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5135321631","display_name":"Qiqi Huang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210153930","display_name":"Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/045kpgw45","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210153930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qiqi Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210153930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5119538615","display_name":"Danni Liu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210153930","display_name":"Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/045kpgw45","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210153930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Danni Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210153930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161075782","display_name":"Shanshan Deng","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210164089","display_name":"Gaozhou People's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/05ptrtc51","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210164089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shanshan Deng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Gaozhou People's Hospital"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Gaozhou People's Hospital","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210164089"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5160595712","display_name":"Wenxue Hu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90610280","display_name":"South China University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0530pts50","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenxue Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["South China University of Technology"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"South China University of Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10291","display_name":"Dialysis and Renal Disease Management","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2727","display_name":"Nephrology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10291","display_name":"Dialysis and Renal Disease Management","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2727","display_name":"Nephrology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10408","display_name":"Chronic Kidney Disease and Diabetes","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2727","display_name":"Nephrology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10858","display_name":"Clinical Nutrition and Gastroenterology","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2916","display_name":"Nutrition and Dietetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/29","display_name":"Nursing"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/serum-albumin","display_name":"serum albumin","score":0.8629999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/peritoneal-dialysis","display_name":"peritoneal dialysis","score":0.8889999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/all-cause-mortality","display_name":"all-cause mortality","score":0.9769999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/time-dependent-covariates","display_name":"time-varying covariates","score":0.902999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prognostic-factors","display_name":"prognostic factors","score":0.7940000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diabetes-mellitus","display_name":"diabetes mellitus","score":0.8550000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/age","display_name":"age","score":0.6510000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/end-stage-renal-disease","display_name":"end-stage renal disease","score":0.625}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.9031000137329102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779056158","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1756474","display_name":"Peritoneal dialysis","level":2,"score":0.7601000070571899},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167135981","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2146302","display_name":"Retrospective cohort study","level":2,"score":0.7023000121116638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.6869999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50382708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q223218","display_name":"Proportional hazards model","level":2,"score":0.6141999959945679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776125364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q169219","display_name":"Albumin","level":2,"score":0.5878999829292297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555293320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12206","display_name":"Diabetes mellitus","level":2,"score":0.555899977684021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165616093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q424232","display_name":"Serum albumin","level":2,"score":0.5534999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201903717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1778788","display_name":"Cohort study","level":2,"score":0.4325999915599823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90924648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120569","display_name":"Gastroenterology","level":1,"score":0.4146000146865845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779978075","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202301","display_name":"Dialysis","level":2,"score":0.40779998898506165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10515644","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q543310","display_name":"Survival analysis","level":2,"score":0.37700000405311584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141071460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40821","display_name":"Surgery","level":1,"score":0.37689998745918274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777895361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1758614","display_name":"Longitudinal study","level":2,"score":0.32679998874664307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72563966","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1303415","display_name":"Cohort","level":2,"score":0.3041999936103821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778063415","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q391744","display_name":"Hemodialysis","level":2,"score":0.2985999882221222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44249647","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208498","display_name":"Confidence interval","level":2,"score":0.26350000500679016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99476002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42297","display_name":"Analysis of variance","level":2,"score":0.2621999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776174234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q974792","display_name":"Albuminuria","level":3,"score":0.26010000705718994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82789193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2142611","display_name":"Relative risk","level":3,"score":0.2581000030040741}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-11392988/v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-11392988/v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-11392988/v1","pdf_url":"https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-11392988/latest.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525896","display_name":"Research Square","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Research Square","raw_type":"posted-content"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-11392988/v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-11392988/v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-11392988/v1","pdf_url":"https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-11392988/latest.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525896","display_name":"Research Square","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Research Square","raw_type":"posted-content"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":1.0}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321921","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7225385665.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7225385665.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1880967407","https://openalex.org/W1972745246","https://openalex.org/W1977247044","https://openalex.org/W1986705681","https://openalex.org/W1989431810","https://openalex.org/W2012658469","https://openalex.org/W2018081819","https://openalex.org/W2066187800","https://openalex.org/W2069494863","https://openalex.org/W2083854410","https://openalex.org/W2112303766","https://openalex.org/W2119583377","https://openalex.org/W2129925362","https://openalex.org/W2150153646","https://openalex.org/W2186685729","https://openalex.org/W2469939151","https://openalex.org/W2623077503","https://openalex.org/W2769508581","https://openalex.org/W2922143511","https://openalex.org/W2959071138","https://openalex.org/W3003510310","https://openalex.org/W3004546440","https://openalex.org/W3005183618","https://openalex.org/W3158510841","https://openalex.org/W3165833246","https://openalex.org/W3183781431","https://openalex.org/W3216930453","https://openalex.org/W4256183008","https://openalex.org/W4285077067","https://openalex.org/W4294116629"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2959071138","https://openalex.org/W3005183618","https://openalex.org/W7204473898","https://openalex.org/W4403831803","https://openalex.org/W4289521968","https://openalex.org/W2069494863","https://openalex.org/W3183781431","https://openalex.org/W4415647756","https://openalex.org/W4213259556","https://openalex.org/W6920802568"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Background":[1],"Serum":[2],"albumin":[3,33,59,128,207,219],"is":[4],"an":[5],"established":[6],"prognostic":[7,223],"marker":[8],"in":[9,37,121,214],"patients":[10,38,50,105,111,215],"undergoing":[11,39,216],"peritoneal":[12],"dialysis":[13],"(PD).":[14],"However,":[15],"single":[16,227],"baseline":[17,228],"measurements":[18,60],"may":[19,221],"not":[20],"adequately":[21],"capture":[22],"its":[23],"longitudinal":[24],"variability.":[25],"We":[26,42],"investigated":[27],"the":[28,68,73,122],"association":[29,182],"between":[30],"time-varying":[31,65,126],"serum":[32,58,127,206],"and":[34,84,115,158],"all-cause":[35,134,212],"mortality":[36,135,213],"PD.":[40,217],"Methods":[41],"conducted":[43],"a":[44,64,179,199,226],"retrospective":[45],"cohort":[46],"study":[47],"of":[48,72,185,202],"adult":[49],"who":[51],"initiated":[52],"PD":[53],"at":[54],"our":[55],"institution.":[56],"Serial":[57],"were":[61,79,119,169],"modeled":[62],"as":[63],"covariate":[66],"using":[67],"Andersen\u2013Gill":[69],"counting-process":[70],"formulation":[71],"Cox":[74],"proportional":[75],"hazards":[76],"model.":[77],"Models":[78],"adjusted":[80],"for":[81],"age,":[82],"sex,":[83],"diabetes":[85,159],"mellitus,":[86],"with":[87,106,132,171,211],"robust":[88],"sandwich":[89],"variance":[90],"estimates":[91],"clustered":[92],"by":[93],"patient.":[94],"Restricted":[95,174],"cubic":[96,175],"spline":[97,176],"analysis":[98,177],"assessed":[99],"potential":[100],"nonlinearity.":[101],"Results":[102],"Among":[103],"1,801":[104],"7,102":[107],"laboratory":[108],"records,":[109],"1,680":[110],"contributing":[112],"6,860":[113],"observations":[114],"experiencing":[116],"298":[117],"deaths":[118],"included":[120],"final":[123],"analysis.":[124],"Higher":[125],"was":[129,208],"independently":[130,209],"associated":[131,170,210],"lower":[133],"(HR":[136],"per":[137],"1":[138],"g/L":[139],"increase,":[140],"0.864;":[141],"95%":[142,152,163],"CI,":[143,153,164],"0.847\u20130.880;":[144],"P":[145,155,166,188,192],"<":[146,156,167,190],"0.001).":[147],"Older":[148],"age":[149],"(HR,":[150,161],"1.040;":[151],"1.029\u20131.050;":[154],"0.001)":[157,168],"mellitus":[160],"1.777;":[162],"1.395\u20132.262;":[165],"higher":[172],"mortality.":[173],"showed":[178],"significant":[180],"inverse":[181],"without":[183],"evidence":[184],"nonlinearity":[186],"(":[187],"-overall":[189],"0.0001;":[191],"-nonlinear":[193],"=":[194],"0.8962).":[195],"The":[196],"model":[197],"had":[198],"Harrell":[200],"C-index":[201],"0.8176.":[203],"Conclusions":[204],"Time-varying":[205],"Longitudinal":[218],"assessment":[220],"provide":[222],"information":[224],"beyond":[225],"measurement.":[229],"Trial":[230],"registration":[231],"Not":[232],"applicable.":[233]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-09T13:22:03.289127","created_date":"2026-11-07T00:00:00"}