{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225382199","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-11628345/v1","title":"Germinal Centers Function as Macromolecular Sanctuaries that Protect Follicular T Cells from Immunotoxin-Mediated Depletion","display_name":"Germinal Centers Function as Macromolecular Sanctuaries that Protect Follicular T Cells from Immunotoxin-Mediated Depletion","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225382199","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-11628345/v1"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-11628345/v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-11628345/v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-11628345/v1","pdf_url":"https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-11628345/latest.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525896","display_name":"Research Square","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Research Square","raw_type":"posted-content"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-11628345/latest.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089141134","display_name":"Shihyoung Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8846-2853","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8846-2853"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52357470","display_name":"The Ohio State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00rs6vg23","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shihyoung Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Ohio State University"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8846-2853","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Ohio State University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077766409","display_name":"Rajni Kant Shukla","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5722-449X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5722-449X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52357470","display_name":"The Ohio State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00rs6vg23","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rajni Kant Shukla","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Ohio State University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Ohio State University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084694948","display_name":"Sarah Golconda","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6398-7285","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6398-7285"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52357470","display_name":"The Ohio State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00rs6vg23","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sarah Golconda","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Ohio State University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Ohio State University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008054075","display_name":"Hannah Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2694-8118","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2694-8118"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52357470","display_name":"The Ohio State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00rs6vg23","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hannah Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Ohio State University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Ohio State University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063133761","display_name":"John C. Reneau","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6838-2410","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6838-2410"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52357470","display_name":"The Ohio State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00rs6vg23","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John C. Reneau","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Ohio State University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Ohio State University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050438173","display_name":"Namal P. M. Liyanage","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7362-3282","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7362-3282"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52357470","display_name":"The Ohio State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00rs6vg23","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Namal P. M. Liyanage","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Ohio State University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Ohio State University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045749472","display_name":"Walter G. Hanel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8982-6877","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8982-6877"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52357470","display_name":"The Ohio State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00rs6vg23","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Walter Hanel","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Ohio State University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Ohio State University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102991884","display_name":"Sanggu Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1228-6168","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1228-6168"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52357470","display_name":"The Ohio State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00rs6vg23","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sanggu Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Ohio State University"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1228-6168","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Ohio State University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12477","display_name":"Toxin Mechanisms and Immunotoxins","score":0.4666000008583069,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2403","display_name":"Immunology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12477","display_name":"Toxin Mechanisms and Immunotoxins","score":0.4666000008583069,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2403","display_name":"Immunology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10031","display_name":"T-cell and B-cell Immunology","score":0.4629000127315521,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2403","display_name":"Immunology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14072","display_name":"Immunotoxicology and immune responses","score":0.02889999933540821,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2403","display_name":"Immunology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/germinal-center","display_name":"germinal center","score":0.9419999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/immunotoxins","display_name":"immunotoxins","score":0.718999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/t-follicular-helper-cells","display_name":"T follicular helper cells","score":0.925000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/t-follicular-regulatory-cells","display_name":"follicular regulatory T cells","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cxcr5","display_name":"CXCR5","score":0.8650000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/t-cell-depletion","display_name":"T cell depletion","score":0.5799999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anti-cd40l","display_name":"anti-CD40L","score":0.8259999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diphtheria-toxin","display_name":"diphtheria toxin","score":0.8349999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/peyer-s-patches","display_name":"Peyer's patches","score":0.7179999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/immunosuppression","display_name":"immunosuppression","score":0.42399999499320984}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96926380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1737968","display_name":"Germinal center","level":4,"score":0.7534000277519226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776708503","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1024612","display_name":"CXCR5","level":5,"score":0.5242000222206116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153911025","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7202","display_name":"Molecular biology","level":1,"score":0.5074999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.4975999891757965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114684123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q419458","display_name":"CD3","level":4,"score":0.4715999960899353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95444343","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7141","display_name":"Cell biology","level":1,"score":0.4223000109195709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33057221","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q421580","display_name":"Diphtheria toxin","level":3,"score":0.42080000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.4036000072956085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780931953","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9371","display_name":"Spleen","level":2,"score":0.39649999141693115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2911091166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106419912","display_name":"Transplantation","level":2,"score":0.36959999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167672396","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q417800","display_name":"CD8","level":3,"score":0.35989999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779720271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179422","display_name":"Lymph","level":2,"score":0.3467000126838684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776090121","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193529","display_name":"T cell","level":3,"score":0.3452000021934509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154317977","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q376266","display_name":"Cytotoxic T cell","level":3,"score":0.34150001406669617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115085202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q425665","display_name":"Immunotoxin","level":4,"score":0.3407999873161316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.3379000127315521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26291073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q310484","display_name":"Ex vivo","level":3,"score":0.3375999927520752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3753494","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2631550","display_name":"Follicular dendritic cells","level":5,"score":0.3366999924182892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67662055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1047791","display_name":"Antigen-presenting cell","level":4,"score":0.319599986076355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992881475","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193529","display_name":"T lymphocyte","level":3,"score":0.31949999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131665280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14866169","display_name":"Interleukin 3","level":5,"score":0.3091000020503998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187785154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5464664","display_name":"Follicular phase","level":2,"score":0.30660000443458557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28005876","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189814","display_name":"Endocytosis","level":3,"score":0.30140000581741333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77255625","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q402093","display_name":"Reprogramming","level":3,"score":0.29179999232292175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202751555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221681","display_name":"In vitro","level":2,"score":0.26809999346733093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129374314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q909381","display_name":"Interleukin 21","level":4,"score":0.2678999900817871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777058707","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q123251","display_name":"Follicular lymphoma","level":3,"score":0.2671999931335449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C502942594","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3421914","display_name":"Cancer research","level":1,"score":0.2500999867916107}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-11628345/v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-11628345/v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-11628345/v1","pdf_url":"https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-11628345/latest.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525896","display_name":"Research Square","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Research Square","raw_type":"posted-content"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-11628345/v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-11628345/v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-11628345/v1","pdf_url":"https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-11628345/latest.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525896","display_name":"Research Square","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Research Square","raw_type":"posted-content"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.9391000270843506,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306078","display_name":"U.S. Department of Defense","ror":"https://ror.org/0447fe631"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7225382199.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7225382199.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":49,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1507689376","https://openalex.org/W1525793898","https://openalex.org/W1554670304","https://openalex.org/W1606415575","https://openalex.org/W1621322786","https://openalex.org/W1938716777","https://openalex.org/W1969162956","https://openalex.org/W1978742395","https://openalex.org/W1981267998","https://openalex.org/W1993310853","https://openalex.org/W2018122800","https://openalex.org/W2020853616","https://openalex.org/W2026547100","https://openalex.org/W2028087680","https://openalex.org/W2032981415","https://openalex.org/W2038041677","https://openalex.org/W2043311270","https://openalex.org/W2043520974","https://openalex.org/W2051889825","https://openalex.org/W2059280119","https://openalex.org/W2060637301","https://openalex.org/W2074674463","https://openalex.org/W2080575969","https://openalex.org/W2084267988","https://openalex.org/W2088636620","https://openalex.org/W2088962680","https://openalex.org/W2113441784","https://openalex.org/W2114780139","https://openalex.org/W2117696681","https://openalex.org/W2123475341","https://openalex.org/W2125058269","https://openalex.org/W2130128281","https://openalex.org/W2134342374","https://openalex.org/W2148838644","https://openalex.org/W2160610701","https://openalex.org/W2163470859","https://openalex.org/W2166321278","https://openalex.org/W2168628444","https://openalex.org/W2265537994","https://openalex.org/W2497556825","https://openalex.org/W2806302066","https://openalex.org/W2913648927","https://openalex.org/W2940694611","https://openalex.org/W2946450286","https://openalex.org/W4210658740","https://openalex.org/W4281476234","https://openalex.org/W4307554033","https://openalex.org/W4405595471","https://openalex.org/W7095348841"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4386225708","https://openalex.org/W2113441784","https://openalex.org/W4307554033","https://openalex.org/W2214141133","https://openalex.org/W3002926474","https://openalex.org/W3122813165","https://openalex.org/W1993931038","https://openalex.org/W2167327834","https://openalex.org/W1970455740","https://openalex.org/W2082841125"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Targeted":[1],"lymphodepletion":[2],"with":[3,37,154,208],"CD3":[4,191],"immunotoxins":[5],"(CD3-ITs)":[6],"is":[7,222],"promising":[8],"for":[9],"transplantation":[10],"and":[11,30,49,57,74,90,151,174,205,214],"T-cell":[12,47,136],"malignancies,":[13],"but":[14],"incomplete":[15],"tissue":[16],"depletion":[17,48,179,249],"limits":[18],"efficacy.":[19],"We":[20],"used":[21],"a":[22,155,210,215,244],"murine":[23],"anti-CD3":[24,188],"immunotoxin":[25],"model,":[26],"intravascular":[27],"staining,":[28],"histology,":[29],"CD4-iDTR":[31,168],"mice":[32],"to":[33,86,94,224,247],"define":[34],"factors":[35],"associated":[36,153],"survival":[38],"of":[39,51,119,131,180,250],"follicular":[40,52,58,252],"T":[41,63,81,110,132,140,161,184,253],"cells.":[42,195,254],"CD3-IT":[43,84,113,128,165,175,217],"caused":[44],"profound":[45],"systemic":[46],"enrichment":[50],"helper":[53],"(T":[54,60],"FH":[55,162,194,203],")":[56,62],"regulatory":[59],"FR":[61],"cells":[64,69,82,89,111,133,141],"among":[65],"surviving":[66],"CD4":[67],"+":[68,80,109],"in":[70,134,158,228,232],"spleen,":[71],"Peyer\u2019s":[72],"patches,":[73],"lymph":[75],"nodes.":[76],"Ex":[77],"vivo,":[78],"CXCR5":[79,87,108,120],"bound":[83,112],"comparably":[85],"-":[88],"showed":[91],"similar":[92],"susceptibility":[93],"CD3-IT-mediated":[95],"cytotoxicity":[96],"(IC":[97],"50":[98],",":[99],"0.471\u20130.569":[100],"nM).":[101],"In":[102,167],"contrast,":[103],"within":[104],"the":[105,117,159,226],"splenic":[106,135],"parenchyma,":[107],"at":[114],"approximately":[115],"half":[116],"level":[118],"\u2212":[121],"counterparts":[122],"(":[123],"p":[124],"<":[125],"0.05).":[126],"Histologically,":[127],"depleted":[129],"83%":[130],"zones,":[137],"whereas":[138,186],"GC":[139,149,181,241],"were":[142],"relatively":[143],"spared.":[144],"Fc-silent":[145,187],"anti-CD40L":[146],"pretreatment":[147],"disrupted":[148],"architecture":[150,242],"was":[152],"marked":[156],"reduction":[157],"phenotypic":[160],"compartment":[163],"after":[164],"treatment.":[166],"mice,":[169],"free":[170,212],"diphtheria":[171],"toxin":[172],"(DT)":[173],"produced":[176],"substantially":[177],"less":[178],"than":[182],"T-cell-zone":[183],"cells,":[185],"mAb":[189],"down-modulated":[190],"on":[192],"GC-T":[193,202],"BrdU":[196],"incorporation":[197],"did":[198],"not":[199],"indicate":[200],"disproportionate":[201],"proliferation,":[204],"relative":[206],"sparing":[207],"both":[209],"58-kDa":[211],"DT":[213],"278-kDa":[216],"indicates":[218],"that":[219,239],"size":[220],"alone":[221],"insufficient":[223],"explain":[225],"effect":[227],"intact":[229,240],"germinal":[230],"centers":[231],"vivo":[233],".":[234],"Together,":[235],"these":[236],"data":[237],"show":[238],"creates":[243],"functional":[245],"barrier":[246],"toxin-mediated":[248],"resident":[251]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-09T13:22:03.289127","created_date":"2026-11-07T00:00:00"}