{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225378571","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.11.04.26367284","title":"Multidimensional deprivation and brain health in older adults in rural northern Tanzania: a cross-sectional community-based study","display_name":"Multidimensional deprivation and brain health in older adults in rural northern Tanzania: a cross-sectional community-based study","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225378571","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.11.04.26367284"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.64898/2026.11.04.26367284","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.11.04.26367284","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.11.04.26367284","pdf_url":"https://www.medrxiv.org/content/medrxiv/early/2026/11/06/2026.11.04.26367284.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3005729997","display_name":"medRxiv","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315909"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press"],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"medRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.medrxiv.org/content/medrxiv/early/2026/11/06/2026.11.04.26367284.full.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5093659491","display_name":"Sunkanmi Adams Folorunsho","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5471-7125","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5471-7125"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114395901","display_name":"University of Nebraska\u2013Lincoln","ror":"https://ror.org/043mer456","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114395901"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Sunkanmi Folorunsho","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114395901"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022611066","display_name":"Amy Woods","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3282-5034","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3282-5034"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84884186","display_name":"Newcastle University","ror":"https://ror.org/01kj2bm70","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84884186"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amy Woods","raw_affiliation_strings":["Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84884186"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027964510","display_name":"Aloyce Kisoli","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4453-0954","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4453-0954"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405266231","display_name":"Kilimanjaro Clinical Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/01c135k83","country_code":"TZ","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405266231"]}],"countries":["TZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aloyce Kisoli","raw_affiliation_strings":["Kilimanjaro Clinical Research Institute, Moshi, Tanzania;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kilimanjaro Clinical Research Institute, Moshi, Tanzania;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405266231"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161073920","display_name":"Grace Saria Anderson","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Grace Saria Anderson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Anderson Memorial Rehabilitation and Care Organisation (AMRCO), Tanzania;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Anderson Memorial Rehabilitation and Care Organisation (AMRCO), Tanzania;","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5125405783","display_name":"Amour Mkubila","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405266231","display_name":"Kilimanjaro Clinical Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/01c135k83","country_code":"TZ","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405266231"]}],"countries":["TZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amour Mkubila","raw_affiliation_strings":["Kilimanjaro Clinical Research Institute, Moshi, Tanzania;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kilimanjaro Clinical Research Institute, Moshi, Tanzania;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405266231"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161100668","display_name":"Malwina Niechcial","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84884186","display_name":"Newcastle University","ror":"https://ror.org/01kj2bm70","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84884186"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Malwina Niechcial","raw_affiliation_strings":["Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84884186"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161052719","display_name":"Charles Nye","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36234482","display_name":"University of Bristol","ror":"https://ror.org/0524sp257","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36234482"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Charles Nye","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Bristol, Bristol, UK;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Bristol, Bristol, UK;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36234482"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161126476","display_name":"Sabas M Rite","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sabas M Rite","raw_affiliation_strings":["Akili Mali Community Advisory Board, Kilimanjaro, Tanzania;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Akili Mali Community Advisory Board, Kilimanjaro, Tanzania;","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161076139","display_name":"Aurelia D Malya","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aurelia D Malya","raw_affiliation_strings":["Akili Mali Community Advisory Board, Kilimanjaro, Tanzania;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Akili Mali Community Advisory Board, Kilimanjaro, Tanzania;","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161037770","display_name":"Sabinus L Mtenga","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sabinus L Mtenga","raw_affiliation_strings":["Akili Mali Community Advisory Board, Kilimanjaro, Tanzania;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Akili Mali Community Advisory Board, Kilimanjaro, Tanzania;","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161063275","display_name":"Hadija R Ulomi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hadija R Ulomi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Akili Mali Community Advisory Board, Kilimanjaro, Tanzania;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Akili Mali Community Advisory Board, Kilimanjaro, Tanzania;","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161090039","display_name":"Edward N Mbowe","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Edward N Mbowe","raw_affiliation_strings":["Akili Mali Community Advisory Board, Kilimanjaro, Tanzania;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Akili Mali Community Advisory Board, Kilimanjaro, Tanzania;","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161121807","display_name":"Damas A Mlaki","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405266534","display_name":"Mirembe National Mental Health Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/03mw4rp93","country_code":"TZ","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405266534"]}],"countries":["TZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Damas A Mlaki","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mirembe National Psychiatric Hospital, Dodoma, Tanzania;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mirembe National Psychiatric Hospital, Dodoma, Tanzania;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405266534"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058032731","display_name":"Judith Boshe","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1684-7295","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1684-7295"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405266231","display_name":"Kilimanjaro Clinical Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/01c135k83","country_code":"TZ","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405266231"]}],"countries":["TZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Judith Boshe","raw_affiliation_strings":["Kilimanjaro Clinical Research Institute, Moshi, Tanzania;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kilimanjaro Clinical Research Institute, Moshi, Tanzania;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405266231"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038846464","display_name":"Ssenku Safic","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ssenku Safic","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fight Dementia and Care Organisation, Tanzania;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fight Dementia and Care Organisation, Tanzania;","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5139662683","display_name":"Hannah Humble","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84884186","display_name":"Newcastle University","ror":"https://ror.org/01kj2bm70","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84884186"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hannah Humble","raw_affiliation_strings":["Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84884186"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161116295","display_name":"Connor Healy","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84884186","display_name":"Newcastle University","ror":"https://ror.org/01kj2bm70","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84884186"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Connor Healy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84884186"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059649924","display_name":"Lachlan Fotheringham","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5074-7140","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5074-7140"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84884186","display_name":"Newcastle University","ror":"https://ror.org/01kj2bm70","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84884186"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lachlan Fotheringham","raw_affiliation_strings":["Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84884186"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109672281","display_name":"Louise Robinson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0209-2503","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0209-2503"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84884186","display_name":"Newcastle University","ror":"https://ror.org/01kj2bm70","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84884186"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Louise Robinson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84884186"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065840308","display_name":"Richard William Walker","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3155-122X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3155-122X","https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6307-9850"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84884186","display_name":"Newcastle University","ror":"https://ror.org/01kj2bm70","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84884186"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Richard Walker","raw_affiliation_strings":["Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84884186"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014511815","display_name":"Bernard Mbwele","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3444-5505","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3444-5505"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I182078086","display_name":"University of Dar es Salaam","ror":"https://ror.org/0479aed98","country_code":"TZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I182078086"]}],"countries":["TZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bernard Mbwele","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Dar es Salaam-Mbeya College of Health Sciences, Mbeya, Tanzania"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Dar es Salaam-Mbeya College of Health Sciences, Mbeya, Tanzania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I182078086"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053891607","display_name":"Raj N. Kalaria","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7907-4923","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7907-4923"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84884186","display_name":"Newcastle University","ror":"https://ror.org/01kj2bm70","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84884186"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Raj Kalaria","raw_affiliation_strings":["Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84884186"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009189924","display_name":"Stella\u2010Maria Paddick","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5409-0879","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5409-0879"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84884186","display_name":"Newcastle University","ror":"https://ror.org/01kj2bm70","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84884186"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stella-Maria Paddick","raw_affiliation_strings":["Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84884186"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5093659491"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114395901"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10009","display_name":"Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research","score":0.9247999787330627,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2738","display_name":"Psychiatry and Mental health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10009","display_name":"Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research","score":0.9247999787330627,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2738","display_name":"Psychiatry and Mental health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10235","display_name":"Health disparities and outcomes","score":0.031099999323487282,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3306","display_name":"Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12811","display_name":"Aging, Health, and Disability","score":0.023800000548362732,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multidimensional-poverty","display_name":"multidimensional poverty","score":0.9819999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brain-health","display_name":"brain health","score":0.7549999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/older-adults","display_name":"older adults","score":0.7900000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geriatric-depression","display_name":"geriatric depression","score":0.8889999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dementia","display_name":"dementia","score":0.6629999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-function","display_name":"cognitive function","score":0.8009999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/verbal-fluency","display_name":"verbal fluency","score":0.9610000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rural-tanzania","display_name":"rural Tanzania","score":0.5509999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-status","display_name":"social status","score":0.6639999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/community-resilience","display_name":"community resilience","score":0.6510000228881836}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776867660","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1814941","display_name":"Depression (economics)","level":2,"score":0.5885000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13543017","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4430231","display_name":"Social deprivation","level":2,"score":0.5679000020027161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.5616999864578247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779483572","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83030","display_name":"Dementia","level":3,"score":0.5367000102996826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74909509","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10387","display_name":"Gerontology","level":1,"score":0.526199996471405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97530452","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7920939","display_name":"Verbal fluency test","level":4,"score":0.4970000088214874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189326681","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10294","display_name":"Poverty","level":2,"score":0.4925999939441681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143095724","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q515895","display_name":"Odds","level":3,"score":0.39100000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134362201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q317309","display_name":"Mental health","level":2,"score":0.3723999857902527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137176749","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4105337","display_name":"Psychological resilience","level":2,"score":0.37209999561309814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778516963","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q580987","display_name":"Relative deprivation","level":2,"score":0.35740000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151956035","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1132755","display_name":"Logistic regression","level":2,"score":0.35499998927116394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129047720","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175185","display_name":"Rural area","level":2,"score":0.35109999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79544238","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q423243","display_name":"Activities of daily living","level":2,"score":0.34630000591278076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C156957248","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1862216","display_name":"Odds ratio","level":2,"score":0.3449999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91682802","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q620538","display_name":"Multidimensional scaling","level":2,"score":0.3336000144481659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.33239999413490295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.32409998774528503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775951005","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3473024","display_name":"Community health","level":3,"score":0.31380000710487366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760841","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5550831","display_name":"Geriatric Depression Scale","level":4,"score":0.2992999851703644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.2971000075340271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778087770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297111","display_name":"Social support","level":2,"score":0.28119999170303345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70410870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199906","display_name":"Clinical psychology","level":1,"score":0.27649998664855957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.2734000086784363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185711340","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5347381","display_name":"Effects of sleep deprivation on cognitive performance","level":3,"score":0.26840001344680786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776893239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1778765","display_name":"Social isolation","level":2,"score":0.2599000036716461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110379092","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1571836","display_name":"Social environment","level":2,"score":0.25769999623298645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87227347","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7100713","display_name":"Ordered logit","level":2,"score":0.25690001249313354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.25189998745918274}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.64898/2026.11.04.26367284","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.11.04.26367284","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.11.04.26367284","pdf_url":"https://www.medrxiv.org/content/medrxiv/early/2026/11/06/2026.11.04.26367284.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3005729997","display_name":"medRxiv","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315909"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press"],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"medRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.64898/2026.11.04.26367284","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.11.04.26367284","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.11.04.26367284","pdf_url":"https://www.medrxiv.org/content/medrxiv/early/2026/11/06/2026.11.04.26367284.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3005729997","display_name":"medRxiv","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315909"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press"],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"medRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":1.0,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.7578999996185303,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/1","score":0.41670000553131104,"display_name":"No poverty"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2813227038","display_name":"Identification of early cognitive change in diverse African populations. A harmonisation consortium to inform future dementia prevention studies.","funder_award_id":"MR/X03092X/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334626","funder_display_name":"Medical Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334626","display_name":"Medical Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/03x94j517"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7225378571.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7225378571.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":1,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2140551757"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4220664792","https://openalex.org/W4312087794","https://openalex.org/W4390191762","https://openalex.org/W4327545686","https://openalex.org/W4391463531","https://openalex.org/W4392761518","https://openalex.org/W2283258665","https://openalex.org/W3212571551","https://openalex.org/W7141442590","https://openalex.org/W3202182620"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Introduction:":[0],"Dementia":[1],"and":[2,48,71,97,157,170,190,205,241],"late-life":[3],"depression":[4,142,189],"are":[5,244],"rising":[6],"rapidly":[7],"in":[8,50,54,123],"sub-Saharan":[9],"Africa,":[10],"yet":[11,193],"prevention":[12],"frameworks":[13],"remain":[14],"focused":[15],"on":[16],"individual":[17],"behaviour.":[18],"Multidimensional":[19,81,201],"poverty":[20],"is":[21,30],"a":[22,78,127],"plausible":[23],"structural":[24],"determinant":[25],"of":[26,37,115,140,222,236],"brain":[27,210,237],"health":[28,98],"but":[29],"rarely":[31],"assessed.":[32],"Methods:":[33],"This":[34],"cross-sectional":[35],"analysis":[36],"the":[38,59,182,187,234],"community-based":[39],"Akili":[40],"Mali":[41],"study":[42,247],"assessed":[43],"adults":[44],"aged":[45],"60":[46],"years":[47,107],"older":[49],"three":[51],"rural":[52],"communities":[53,221],"Kilimanjaro,":[55],"Tanzania.":[56],"Outcomes":[57],"were":[58,86,117],"15-item":[60],"Geriatric":[61],"Depression":[62],"Scale":[63],"(GDS-15),":[64],"IDEA":[65,150],"cognitive":[66],"screen,":[67],"CERAD":[68,168],"ten-word":[69],"list,":[70],"verbal":[72,159],"fluency.":[73],"Deprivation":[74,82],"was":[75,203],"measured":[76],"with":[77,208,215],"nine-indicator":[79],"Alkire-Foster":[80],"Index.":[83],"Missing":[84],"data":[85],"multiply":[87],"imputed;":[88],"models":[89],"adjusted":[90],"for":[91,246],"age,":[92],"sex,":[93],"education,":[94],"community,":[95],"comorbidity,":[96],"behaviours.":[99],"Results:":[100],"Of":[101],"1054":[102],"participants":[103],"(mean":[104],"age":[105],"70.2":[106],"[SD":[108],"9.35];":[109],"629":[110],"[59.7%]":[111],"women),":[112],"840":[113],"(81.9%)":[114],"1026":[116],"multidimensionally":[118],"deprived.":[119],"Each":[120],"unit":[121],"increase":[122],"deprivation":[124,202,229],"score":[125,130,151],"predicted":[126],"higher":[128,138],"GDS-15":[129],"(\u03b2":[131,152,161],"4.83,":[132],"95%":[133],"CI":[134],"3.82":[135],"to":[136,147,155,164],"5.83),":[137],"odds":[139],"screen-positive":[141],"(odds":[143],"ratio":[144],"17.18,":[145],"6.89":[146],"42.83),":[148],"lower":[149,158],"\u22121.97,":[153],"\u22122.97":[154],"\u22120.97),":[156],"fluency":[160],"\u22122.57,":[162],"\u22123.77":[163],"\u22121.36;":[165],"all":[166],"p<0.001).":[167],"measures":[169],"self-reported":[171],"impairment":[172],"showed":[173],"no":[174],"association.":[175],"At":[176],"community":[177,185,242],"level":[178],"this":[179],"gradient":[180],"inverted:":[181],"most":[183],"deprived":[184],"had":[186],"lowest":[188],"highest":[191],"cognition,":[192],"perceived":[194,216],"social":[195,217],"standing":[196,218],"did":[197],"not":[198,232],"differ.":[199],"Conclusion:":[200],"near-universal":[204],"independently":[206],"associated":[207],"worse":[209],"health.":[211,238],"The":[212],"community-level":[213],"inversion,":[214],"equivalent":[219],"across":[220],"unequal":[223],"material":[224],"circumstances,":[225],"indicates":[226],"that":[227],"absolute":[228],"alone":[230],"does":[231],"explain":[233],"distribution":[235],"Relative":[239],"position":[240],"resilience":[243],"priorities":[245]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-09T13:22:03.289127","created_date":"2026-11-07T00:00:00"}
