{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225378491","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12933-026-03435-2","title":"Associations of baseline, cumulative, and longitudinal trajectories of the C-reactive protein\u2013triglyceride-glucose index\u2013frailty index composite (CTI-FI) with progression from cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome stages 0\u20132 to stages 3\u20134 or stage 4: a prospective cohort study from CHARLS","display_name":"Associations of baseline, cumulative, and longitudinal trajectories of the C-reactive protein\u2013triglyceride-glucose index\u2013frailty index composite (CTI-FI) with progression from cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome stages 0\u20132 to stages 3\u20134 or stage 4: a prospective cohort study from CHARLS","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225378491","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12933-026-03435-2"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s12933-026-03435-2","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12933-026-03435-2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12933-026-03435-2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S12095120","display_name":"Cardiovascular Diabetology","issn_l":"1475-2840","issn":["1475-2840"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cardiovascular Diabetology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12933-026-03435-2","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161128781","display_name":"Bin Yu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210099041","display_name":"Jiujiang First People's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/0140x9678","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210099041"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bin Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Cardiology, Jiujiang City Key Laboratory of Cell Therapy, JiuJiang NO.1 People\u2019s Hospital, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, 332000, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Cardiology, Jiujiang City Key Laboratory of Cell Therapy, JiuJiang NO.1 People\u2019s Hospital, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, 332000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210099041"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082498033","display_name":"Jiayu Ke","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210099041","display_name":"Jiujiang First People's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/0140x9678","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210099041"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiayu Ke","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Cardiology, Jiujiang City Key Laboratory of Cell Therapy, JiuJiang NO.1 People\u2019s Hospital, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, 332000, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Cardiology, Jiujiang City Key Laboratory of Cell Therapy, JiuJiang NO.1 People\u2019s Hospital, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, 332000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210099041"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161082143","display_name":"Qin Huang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210099041","display_name":"Jiujiang First People's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/0140x9678","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210099041"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qin Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Cardiology, Jiujiang City Key Laboratory of Cell Therapy, JiuJiang NO.1 People\u2019s Hospital, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, 332000, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Cardiology, Jiujiang City Key Laboratory of Cell Therapy, JiuJiang NO.1 People\u2019s Hospital, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, 332000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210099041"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064028084","display_name":"Hailan Xiong","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210099041","display_name":"Jiujiang First People's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/0140x9678","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210099041"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hailan Xiong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Ultrasound, Jiujiang City Key Laboratory of Cell Therapy, JiuJiang NO.1 People\u2019s Hospital, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, 332000, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Ultrasound, Jiujiang City Key Laboratory of Cell Therapy, JiuJiang NO.1 People\u2019s Hospital, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, 332000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210099041"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5064028084"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210099041"],"apc_list":{"value":4290,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4290},"apc_paid":{"value":4290,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4290},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11011","display_name":"Frailty in Older Adults","score":0.48829999566078186,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2717","display_name":"Geriatrics and Gerontology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11011","display_name":"Frailty in Older Adults","score":0.48829999566078186,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2717","display_name":"Geriatrics and Gerontology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10027","display_name":"Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins","score":0.302700012922287,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12246","display_name":"Chronic Disease Management Strategies","score":0.04780000075697899,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic-syndrome","display_name":"cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome","score":0.9760000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/c-reactive-protein","display_name":"C-reactive protein","score":0.7580000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/triglyceride-glucose-index","display_name":"triglyceride-glucose index","score":0.9610000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frailty-index","display_name":"frailty index","score":0.9929999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frailty","display_name":"frailty","score":0.6700000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/longitudinal-trajectories","display_name":"longitudinal trajectories","score":0.609000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cumulative-risk","display_name":"cumulative risk","score":0.39800000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cardiovascular-risk","display_name":"cardiovascular risk","score":0.3970000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chronic-kidney-disease","display_name":"chronic kidney disease","score":0.5450000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metabolic-syndrome","display_name":"metabolic syndrome","score":0.6129999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/china-health-and-retirement-longitudinal-study","display_name":"China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study","score":0.5320000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/older-adults","display_name":"older adults","score":0.6959999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-prediction-model","display_name":"risk prediction model","score":0.4059999883174896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decision-curve-analysis","display_name":"decision curve analysis","score":0.6460000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/net-benefit","display_name":"net benefit","score":0.36399999260902405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cost-effectiveness","display_name":"cost-effectiveness","score":0.414000004529953}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.7107999920845032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777895361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1758614","display_name":"Longitudinal study","level":2,"score":0.6312999725341797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88879693","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q217690","display_name":"Cumulative incidence","level":3,"score":0.5928000211715698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188816634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2113324","display_name":"Prospective cohort study","level":2,"score":0.5598000288009644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50382708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q223218","display_name":"Proportional hazards model","level":2,"score":0.552299976348877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207103383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3930246","display_name":"Hazard ratio","level":3,"score":0.5105999708175659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146357865","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1123245","display_name":"Stage (stratigraphy)","level":2,"score":0.5076000094413757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.4562999904155731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201903717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1778788","display_name":"Cohort study","level":2,"score":0.420199990272522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2994039464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q217690","display_name":"Cumulative risk","level":2,"score":0.40540000796318054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151032500","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5194182","display_name":"Cumulative dose","level":2,"score":0.3953999876976013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.3815000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72563966","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1303415","display_name":"Cohort","level":2,"score":0.3393999934196472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205545832","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17156455","display_name":"Young adult","level":2,"score":0.311599999666214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12725497","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q810247","display_name":"Baseline (sea)","level":2,"score":0.30790001153945923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777230293","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23579818","display_name":"Cumulative effects","level":2,"score":0.2773999869823456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44249647","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208498","display_name":"Confidence interval","level":2,"score":0.2696000039577484}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1186/s12933-026-03435-2","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12933-026-03435-2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12933-026-03435-2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S12095120","display_name":"Cardiovascular Diabetology","issn_l":"1475-2840","issn":["1475-2840"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cardiovascular Diabetology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s12933-026-03435-2","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12933-026-03435-2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12933-026-03435-2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S12095120","display_name":"Cardiovascular Diabetology","issn_l":"1475-2840","issn":["1475-2840"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cardiovascular Diabetology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":1.0}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7206207548","https://openalex.org/W7147541137","https://openalex.org/W7222427509","https://openalex.org/W4414117296","https://openalex.org/W7154570910","https://openalex.org/W7222985199","https://openalex.org/W7167254901","https://openalex.org/W7168356735","https://openalex.org/W7214116569","https://openalex.org/W7166528432"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic":[0],"(CKM)":[1],"progression":[2,284],"may":[3],"reflect":[4],"both":[5],"metabolic-inflammatory":[6],"burden":[7],"and":[8,15,41,46,49,56,72,107,140,197,212,222,225,231,251,273,276,288,306],"accumulated":[9],"frailty.":[10],"We":[11,27],"compared":[12],"baseline,":[13],"cumulative,":[14],"longitudinal":[16,51,307],"CTI-FI":[17,48,57,109,120,147,158,196,253,275,279,295],"measures":[18],"in":[19,37,118],"adults":[20,30,266],"initially":[21],"classified":[22],"as":[23],"CKM":[24,32,81,89,99,132,180,269],"stages":[25,33,82,100,181,226,286],"0\u20132.":[26],"analyzed":[28],"3,277":[29],"with":[31,93,126,154,165,206,217,258,267,283],"0\u20132":[34],"at":[35],"baseline":[36,119,195,272],"the":[38,141,155,160,183,255,292],"China":[39],"Health":[40],"Retirement":[42],"Longitudinal":[43],"Study.":[44],"Baseline":[45],"cumulative":[47,108,146,157,203,244,249,252,274],"two-wave":[50,278],"trajectories":[52],"of":[53,130,170,220,229,261],"CTI,":[54,104],"FI,":[55,105],"were":[58,189,215,281],"examined":[59],"using":[60],"Cox":[61],"models,":[62,114],"restricted":[63],"cubic":[64,235],"splines,":[65],"subgroup":[66],"analyses,":[67,69,71],"discrimination":[68],"decision-curve":[70],"sensitivity":[73],"analyses.":[74],"During":[75],"follow-up,":[76],"918":[77],"participants":[78,95],"progressed":[79,87],"to":[80,88,285],"3\u20134,":[83,182],"including":[84],"302":[85],"who":[86,96],"stage":[90,133,171,247,289],"4.":[91,290],"Compared":[92,153,205],"nonprogressors,":[94],"developed":[97],"advanced":[98],"generally":[101],"had":[102],"higher":[103,128,271],"CTI-FI,":[106],"values.":[110],"In":[111,265],"fully":[112],"adjusted":[113],"each":[115],"1-SD":[116,187],"increase":[117,188],"(SD":[121],"=":[122],"0.829)":[123],"was":[124,143,163],"associated":[125,164,216,282],"a":[127,166,299],"hazard":[129],"incident":[131,179],"4":[134,172],"(HR,":[135,148,173],"1.18;":[136],"95%":[137,150,175],"CI,":[138,151,176,192,200],"1.07\u20131.32),":[139],"association":[142],"stronger":[144],"for":[145,194,202,243,263,302],"1.36;":[149],"1.23\u20131.50).":[152],"lowest":[156],"tertile,":[159],"highest":[161,256],"tertile":[162],"substantially":[167],"increased":[168],"risk":[169,304],"3.54;":[174],"2.38\u20135.25).":[177],"For":[178,246],"corresponding":[184],"HRs":[185],"per":[186],"1.05":[190],"(95%":[191,199],"0.98\u20131.12)":[193],"1.14":[198],"1.07\u20131.22)":[201],"CTI-FI.":[204,245],"trajectory":[207],"Class":[208,210,213],"1,":[209],"2":[211],"3":[214],"stage-4":[218],"h":[219,228],"2.16":[221],"2.82,":[223],"respectively,":[224],"3\u20134":[227,287],"1.39":[230],"1.58,":[232],"respectively.":[233],"Restricted":[234],"spline":[236],"analyses":[237],"suggested":[238],"nonlinear":[239],"dose-response":[240],"patterns,":[241],"particularly":[242],"4,":[248],"FI":[250],"showed":[254],"discrimination,":[257,294],"an":[259,311],"AUC":[260],"0.66":[262],"each.":[264],"early":[268],"stages,":[270],"adverse":[277],"patterns":[280],"Given":[291],"modest":[293],"is":[296],"best":[297],"considered":[298],"complementary":[300],"measure":[301],"population-level":[303],"stratification":[305],"monitoring":[308],"rather":[309],"than":[310],"individual":[312],"diagnostic":[313],"or":[314],"treatment-selection":[315],"tool.":[316]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-08T12:12:28.789561","created_date":"2026-11-07T00:00:00"}
