{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225377682","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24012560","title":"Three Profiles of Artificial Will: Decision Generation Under Low-Information Choice in Three Frontier Language Model Products","display_name":"Three Profiles of Artificial Will: Decision Generation Under Low-Information Choice in Three Frontier Language Model Products","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225377682","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24012560"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.24012560","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24012560","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24012560","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24012560","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5139499102","display_name":"Abbas Hamidavi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-7342-7844","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0001-7342-7844"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183859904","display_name":"Islamic Azad University, Mashhad","ror":"https://ror.org/00bvysh61","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110525433","https://openalex.org/I183859904"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hamidavi, Abbas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Islamic Azad University, Mashhad"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-7342-7844","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Islamic Azad University, Mashhad","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183859904"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014398688","display_name":"Mahsa Borhani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-0356-3569","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0008-0356-3569"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183859904","display_name":"Islamic Azad University, Mashhad","ror":"https://ror.org/00bvysh61","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110525433","https://openalex.org/I183859904"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Borhani, Mahsa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Islamic Azad University, Mashhad"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-0356-3569","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Islamic Azad University, Mashhad","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183859904"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183859904"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10883","display_name":"Ethics and Social Impacts of AI","score":0.9086999893188477,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10883","display_name":"Ethics and Social Impacts of AI","score":0.9086999893188477,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13904","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence Applications","score":0.02410000003874302,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13308","display_name":"Cybernetics and Technology in Society","score":0.015399999916553497,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1207","display_name":"History and Philosophy of Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frontier-language-models","display_name":"frontier language models","score":0.8700000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ai-decision-making","display_name":"AI decision-making","score":0.5529999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/large-language-models","display_name":"large language models","score":0.5360000133514404}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43169469","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q580922","display_name":"Preprint","level":2,"score":0.6640999913215637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6449000239372253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778571376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1355821","display_name":"Frontier","level":2,"score":0.6420000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5692999958992004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.5214999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.4652999937534332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776187449","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1513879","display_name":"Natural language generation","level":3,"score":0.4366999864578247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137293760","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3621696","display_name":"Language model","level":2,"score":0.3953000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59594135","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5249242","display_name":"Decision model","level":2,"score":0.32339999079704285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2985684807","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1513879","display_name":"Text generation","level":2,"score":0.3163999915122986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195324797","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33742","display_name":"Natural language","level":2,"score":0.3160000145435333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85973986","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1091731","display_name":"Exploratory research","level":2,"score":0.31450000405311584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28901747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177571","display_name":"Decision theory","level":2,"score":0.30169999599456787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143724316","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q312468","display_name":"Series (stratigraphy)","level":2,"score":0.29980000853538513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67186912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367664","display_name":"Data modeling","level":2,"score":0.2818000018596649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154775046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188","display_name":"German","level":2,"score":0.2761000096797943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.271699994802475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155092808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182557","display_name":"Computational linguistics","level":2,"score":0.2558000087738037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184337299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1437428","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.2551000118255615}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.24012560","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24012560","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24012560","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.24012561","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24012561","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24012561","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.24013229","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24013229","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24013229","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.24012560","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24012560","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24012560","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7166800011","https://openalex.org/W7114903874","https://openalex.org/W7225297395","https://openalex.org/W7222792177","https://openalex.org/W7090570560","https://openalex.org/W7213528343","https://openalex.org/W7223658560","https://openalex.org/W4415800641","https://openalex.org/W4416035713","https://openalex.org/W7133242429"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Preprint":[0],"of":[1,32],"a":[2],"manuscript":[3,53],"by":[4],"Abbas":[5],"Hamidavi":[6],"and":[7,44],"Mahsa":[8],"Borhani":[9],"reporting":[10],"an":[11],"exploratory":[12],"case":[13],"series":[14],"on":[15],"decision":[16],"generation":[17],"under":[18],"low-information":[19],"choice":[20],"in":[21,40],"three":[22,29],"frontier":[23],"language":[24],"model":[25],"products,":[26],"framed":[27],"through":[28],"philosophical":[30],"profiles":[31],"artificial":[33],"will.":[34],"Supporting":[35],"materials":[36],"are":[37],"openly":[38],"available":[39],"the":[41,51],"authors'":[42],"GitHub":[43],"Hugging":[45],"Face":[46],"repositories.":[47],"This":[48],"version":[49],"is":[50],"full":[52],"text":[54],"as":[55],"prepared":[56],"for":[57],"journal":[58],"submission.":[59]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-08T12:12:28.789561","created_date":"2026-11-07T00:00:00"}
