{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225348336","doi":"https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.34922625","title":"Bridging building physics and architectural design: a systematic review and conceptual framework for efficient stack effect utilization","display_name":"Bridging building physics and architectural design: a systematic review and conceptual framework for efficient stack effect utilization","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225348336","doi":"https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.34922625"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.34922625","doi":"https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.34922625","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.34922625","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196282","display_name":"Figshare","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210132348","host_organization_name":"Figshare (United Kingdom)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132348"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"JournalArticle"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.34922625","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5093725425","display_name":"Lina A Ramadan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1651-0852","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1651-0852"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lina A. Ramadan","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5160849682","display_name":"Merhan Mohamed Shahda","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Merhan Mohamed Shahda","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088998683","display_name":"Sherihan A. El-Ghafour","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8824-6547","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8824-6547"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sherihan A. El-Ghafour","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046465716","display_name":"Naglaa Ali Megahed","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5388-5066","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5388-5066"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Naglaa Ali Megahed","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10121","display_name":"Building Energy and Comfort Optimization","score":0.8730000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10121","display_name":"Building Energy and Comfort Optimization","score":0.8730000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13298","display_name":"Solar Energy Systems and Technologies","score":0.06560000032186508,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13263","display_name":"Building energy efficiency and sustainability","score":0.03139999881386757,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stack-effect","display_name":"stack effect","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-ventilation","display_name":"natural ventilation","score":0.8849999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/passive-building-design","display_name":"passive building design","score":0.847000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/building-physics","display_name":"building physics","score":0.699999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/building-energy-consumption","display_name":"building energy consumption","score":0.8579999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conceptual-design-framework","display_name":"conceptual design framework","score":0.6779999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decision-support-system","display_name":"decision support system","score":0.6380000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/building-energy-efficiency","display_name":"building energy efficiency","score":0.4860000014305115}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174348530","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188635","display_name":"Bridging (networking)","level":2,"score":0.6281999945640564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.5497000217437744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9395851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177929","display_name":"Stack (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.4964999854564667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.4830000102519989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170154142","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q150737","display_name":"Architectural engineering","level":1,"score":0.4796999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.4749999940395355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206018219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1427418","display_name":"Natural ventilation","level":3,"score":0.4729999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14224292","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13600188","display_name":"Conceptual framework","level":2,"score":0.4699999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.45019999146461487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780165032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16869822","display_name":"Energy consumption","level":2,"score":0.3555000126361847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66204764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q219416","display_name":"Sustainability","level":2,"score":0.35370001196861267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94124525","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q912550","display_name":"Categorization","level":2,"score":0.33869999647140503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108286215","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4787070","display_name":"Architectural technology","level":3,"score":0.337799996137619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56550808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1709610","display_name":"Stack effect","level":2,"score":0.3246000111103058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190831278","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q323611","display_name":"Building design","level":2,"score":0.3100000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123657996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12271","display_name":"Architecture","level":2,"score":0.2921000123023987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120208923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5158435","display_name":"Conceptual design","level":2,"score":0.2802000045776367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124216869","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7621833","display_name":"Design strategy","level":2,"score":0.2768999934196472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119024030","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759899","display_name":"Call stack","level":3,"score":0.2754000127315521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22467394","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q849359","display_name":"Multidisciplinary approach","level":2,"score":0.27090001106262207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.26899999380111694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777466363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17008971","display_name":"Design tool","level":2,"score":0.26829999685287476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53619493","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4787093","display_name":"Architecture framework","level":3,"score":0.2662000060081482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C69752020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3741966","display_name":"Building science","level":2,"score":0.2614000141620636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778464652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309849","display_name":"Open research","level":2,"score":0.2533999979496002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778568292","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7727275","display_name":"The Conceptual Framework","level":3,"score":0.25290000438690186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2742236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924713","display_name":"Efficient energy use","level":2,"score":0.25110000371932983}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.34922625","doi":"https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.34922625","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.34922625","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196282","display_name":"Figshare","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210132348","host_organization_name":"Figshare (United Kingdom)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132348"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"JournalArticle"},{"id":"doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.34922625.v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.34922625.v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.34922625.v1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196282","display_name":"Figshare","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210132348","host_organization_name":"Figshare (United Kingdom)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132348"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"JournalArticle"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.34922625","doi":"https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.34922625","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.34922625","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196282","display_name":"Figshare","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210132348","host_organization_name":"Figshare (United Kingdom)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132348"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"JournalArticle"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.7533000111579895,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","score":0.75,"display_name":"Climate action"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/12","score":0.5925999879837036,"display_name":"Responsible consumption and production"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.4000000059604645,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/systematic-review","display_name":"Systematic Review"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7213905703","https://openalex.org/W98773615","https://openalex.org/W2376595954","https://openalex.org/W2026439318","https://openalex.org/W1490589230","https://openalex.org/W2358541413","https://openalex.org/W7217646388","https://openalex.org/W7171380029","https://openalex.org/W2097348408","https://openalex.org/W2766110755"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Buildings":[0],"account":[1],"for":[2,35,64,118,127,164,197],"approximately":[3],"34%":[4],"of":[5,11,56,68,82,90,114,137,155,175],"global":[6],"energy":[7,38],"consumption":[8,39],"and":[9,27,59,79,95,100,134,144,158,182,185,194,212],"37%":[10],"energy-related":[12],"CO\u2082":[13],"emissions.":[14],"The":[15,104,149],"stack":[16,57,70,116,125,142,156,203],"effect":[17,126,204],"is":[18],"a":[19,53,60,75,152,161,171,191],"well-established":[20],"physical":[21],"phenomenon":[22],"that":[23],"drives":[24],"natural":[25,128],"ventilation":[26,129],"can":[28],"serve":[29],"as":[30],"an":[31],"effective":[32,66],"passive":[33],"strategy":[34],"reducing":[36],"operational":[37],"in":[40,102],"buildings.":[41],"However,":[42],"its":[43],"integration":[44,138],"into":[45],"architectural":[46,62,112,141,165,213],"design":[47],"remains":[48],"fragmented.":[49],"Current":[50],"literature":[51],"lacks":[52],"comprehensive":[54,153],"categorization":[55],"elements":[58,143,157],"structured":[61],"framework":[63,189],"the":[65,69,88,97,111,115,120,124,135,168,202,222],"utilization":[67,89],"effect.":[71],"This":[72,188],"research":[73,150,169,216],"employs":[74],"PRISMA-based":[76],"systematic":[77],"review":[78],"bibliometric":[80],"synthesis":[81],"151":[83],"peer-reviewed":[84],"publications":[85],"to":[86,199,218],"map":[87],"stack-driven":[91],"systems":[92],"within":[93,110,146,221],"buildings":[94],"identify":[96],"main":[98],"trends":[99],"gaps":[101,109],"literature.":[103],"analysis":[105],"reveals":[106],"several":[107],"core":[108],"implementation":[113],"effect;":[117],"instance,":[119],"disproportionate":[121],"focus":[122],"on":[123],"over":[130],"year-round":[131],"thermal":[132],"moderation,":[133],"lack":[136],"between":[139],"diverse":[140,206],"types":[145],"unified":[147],"systems.":[148],"provides":[151,190],"taxonomy":[154],"types,":[159],"establishing":[160],"standardized":[162],"classification":[163],"utilization.":[166],"Furthermore,":[167],"proposes":[170],"conceptual":[172],"framework,":[173],"consisting":[174],"three":[176],"phases:":[177],"Design":[178,186],"Context":[179],"Analysis,":[180],"Strategy":[181],"System":[183],"Selection,":[184],"Optimization.":[187],"strategic":[192],"roadmap":[193],"decision-support":[195],"tool":[196],"architects":[198],"optimally":[200],"harness":[201],"across":[205],"contexts.":[207],"By":[208],"integrating":[209],"building":[210],"physics":[211],"design,":[214],"this":[215],"contributes":[217],"advancing":[219],"sustainability":[220],"built":[223],"environment.":[224]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2026-11-06T00:00:00"}