{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225348193","doi":"https://doi.org/10.6110/kjacr.2026.38.11.587","title":"Inverse Modeling and Part-Load Performance Optimization of Data Center Air-Cooled Chillers Using Differential Evolution Algorithm","display_name":"Inverse Modeling and Part-Load Performance Optimization of Data Center Air-Cooled Chillers Using Differential Evolution Algorithm","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225348193","doi":"https://doi.org/10.6110/kjacr.2026.38.11.587"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.6110/kjacr.2026.38.11.587","doi":"https://doi.org/10.6110/kjacr.2026.38.11.587","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.6110/kjacr.2026.38.11.587","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306495615","display_name":"\uc124\ube44\uacf5\ud559\ub17c\ubb38\uc9d1","issn_l":"1229-6422","issn":["1229-6422","2465-7611"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["kci-excellent"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5160835707","display_name":"Yewon Lee","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yewon Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5122273432","display_name":"Jaeyoon Koh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-9438-7195","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0007-9438-7195"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jaeyoon Koh","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5160886627","display_name":"Cheolmin Kim","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cheolmin Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5160834579","display_name":"Hanyoung Park","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hanyoung Park","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5160836527","display_name":"Dongsu Kim","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dongsu Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5157769242","display_name":"Jinkyun Cho","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9041-1257","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9041-1257"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jinkyun Cho","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010991820","display_name":"Joo Hyun Moon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3563-1190","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3563-1190"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joo Hyun Moon","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"38","issue":"11","first_page":"587","last_page":"607"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11529","display_name":"Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Technologies","score":0.9667999744415283,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11529","display_name":"Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Technologies","score":0.9667999744415283,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10121","display_name":"Building Energy and Comfort Optimization","score":0.029500000178813934,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11774","display_name":"Adsorption and Cooling Systems","score":0.0006000000284984708,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-center-cooling","display_name":"data center cooling","score":0.9279999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/air-cooled-chiller","display_name":"air-cooled chiller","score":0.9940000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/part-load-performance","display_name":"part-load performance","score":0.7839999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inverse-modeling","display_name":"inverse modeling","score":0.7710000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/differential-evolution","display_name":"differential evolution","score":0.7170000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/compressor-efficiency","display_name":"compressor efficiency","score":0.6060000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/refrigerant-selection","display_name":"refrigerant selection","score":0.8149999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coefficient-of-performance","display_name":"coefficient of performance","score":0.9679999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/annual-energy-consumption","display_name":"annual energy consumption","score":0.8659999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/r-410a","display_name":"R410A","score":0.9449999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/r-1234yf","display_name":"R1234yf","score":0.7649999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parameter-estimation","display_name":"parameter estimation","score":0.4259999990463257}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74750220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2662197","display_name":"Differential evolution","level":2,"score":0.6043000221252441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5045999884605408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.4830000102519989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.4465000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207467116","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4385666","display_name":"Inverse","level":2,"score":0.3513999879360199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779463800","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5062222","display_name":"Center (category theory)","level":2,"score":0.3481000065803528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.32739999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135252773","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1567213","display_name":"Inverse problem","level":2,"score":0.3224000036716461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28826006","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33521","display_name":"Applied mathematics","level":1,"score":0.31859999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987595161","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Optimization algorithm","level":2,"score":0.30300000309944153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.29440000653266907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93226319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193137","display_name":"Differential (mechanical device)","level":2,"score":0.28610000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4638862","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1501558","display_name":"Chiller","level":2,"score":0.28360000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137836250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q984063","display_name":"Optimization problem","level":2,"score":0.2800000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.27950000762939453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153740404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q671224","display_name":"Data center","level":2,"score":0.26910001039505005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55037315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5421151","display_name":"Experimental data","level":2,"score":0.25780001282691956}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.6110/kjacr.2026.38.11.587","doi":"https://doi.org/10.6110/kjacr.2026.38.11.587","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.6110/kjacr.2026.38.11.587","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306495615","display_name":"\uc124\ube44\uacf5\ud559\ub17c\ubb38\uc9d1","issn_l":"1229-6422","issn":["1229-6422","2465-7611"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["kci-excellent"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.9090999960899353,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"},{"display_name":"Climate action","score":0.821399986743927,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2912998923","https://openalex.org/W2043372356","https://openalex.org/W2307241046","https://openalex.org/W7125513041","https://openalex.org/W7011855351","https://openalex.org/W2617793049","https://openalex.org/W3107492084","https://openalex.org/W2964079861","https://openalex.org/W2066128248","https://openalex.org/W6986246981"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"As":[0],"data":[1,39],"centers":[2],"expand":[3],"rapidly,":[4],"cooling":[5,41],"systems":[6],"have":[7],"become":[8],"a":[9,30,74,84,191],"major":[10],"contributor":[11],"to":[12,60],"their":[13],"overall":[14],"energy":[15,197,208],"consumption,":[16],"typically":[17],"accounting":[18],"for":[19,35,153,190],"30-40%":[20],"of":[21,89,100,109,131,134,140,194],"the":[22,49,80,112,116,135,138,144,200,205,216],"total":[23],"facility":[24],"power":[25],"usage.":[26],"This":[27],"study":[28],"presents":[29],"physics-based":[31],"white-box":[32],"thermodynamic":[33],"model":[34,66,82,114],"air-cooled":[36],"chillers":[37],"in":[38,46,137,210],"center":[40],"applications.":[42],"The":[43],"model,":[44],"implemented":[45],"Python":[47],"using":[48,73],"CoolProp":[50],"library,":[51],"incorporates":[52],"an":[53,97],"Enhanced":[54],"Power":[55],"Law":[56],"compressor":[57],"efficiency":[58],"formulation":[59],"better":[61],"capture":[62],"part-load":[63,101],"behavior.":[64],"Key":[65],"parameters":[67],"were":[68,127,151,185],"identified":[69],"through":[70],"inverse":[71],"analysis":[72],"Differential":[75],"Evolution":[76],"(DE)":[77],"algorithm,":[78],"and":[79,105,125,168,178],"calibrated":[81],"showed":[83,204],"mean":[85],"absolute":[86],"error":[87],"(MAE)":[88],"0.089,":[90],"with":[91],"relative":[92],"errors":[93],"within":[94],"5%,":[95],"over":[96],"operating":[98,146,221],"range":[99],"ratio":[102],"(PLR)":[103],"0.25-1.00":[104],"outdoor":[106],"air":[107],"temperatures":[108],"15-35\u2103.":[110],"With":[111],"R-22":[113],"as":[115,187],"baseline,":[117],"five":[118],"alternative":[119],"refrigerants":[120],"(R-32,":[121],"R-134a,":[122],"R-410a,":[123],"R-1234yf,":[124],"R-1233zd)":[126],"compared":[128],"by":[129],"means":[130],"contour":[132],"maps":[133],"change":[136],"coefficient":[139],"performance":[141],"(\u0394COP)":[142],"across":[143],"entire":[145],"domain.":[147],"Annual":[148],"8,760-hour":[149],"simulations":[150],"conducted":[152],"six":[154],"climatically":[155],"distinct":[156],"U.S.":[157],"cities":[158,189],"representing":[159],"ASHRAE":[160,176,183],"climate":[161],"zones":[162],"1A,":[163],"2A,":[164],"4A,":[165],"4C,":[166],"5A,":[167],"6B.":[169],"Of":[170],"these,":[171],"San":[172],"Francisco":[173],"(marine":[174],"climate,":[175,182],"4C)":[177],"Cincinnati,":[179],"Kentucky":[180],"(continental":[181],"4A)":[184],"selected":[186],"representative":[188],"detailed":[192],"evaluation":[193],"refrigerant-specific":[195],"annual":[196,207],"performance.":[198],"Among":[199],"candidate":[201],"refrigerants,":[202],"R-1233zd":[203],"lowest":[206,217],"consumption":[209],"both":[211],"climates,":[212],"whereas":[213],"R-410a":[214],"recorded":[215],"COP":[218],"under":[219],"most":[220],"conditions.":[222]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-08T12:12:28.789561","created_date":"2026-11-06T00:00:00"}
