{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225347602","doi":"https://doi.org/10.59992/ijesa.2026.v5n11p5","title":"The role of high school principals in improving general aptitude test results from the teachers perspectives in Jeddah","display_name":"The role of high school principals in improving general aptitude test results from the teachers perspectives in Jeddah","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225347602","doi":"https://doi.org/10.59992/ijesa.2026.v5n11p5"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.59992/ijesa.2026.v5n11p5","doi":"https://doi.org/10.59992/ijesa.2026.v5n11p5","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.59992/ijesa.2026.v5n11p5","pdf_url":"https://vsrp.co.uk/index.php/ijesa/article/download/2024/2011","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4387291863","display_name":"International Journal of Educational Sciences and Arts","issn_l":"2976-7237","issn":["2976-7237"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Educational Sciences and Arts","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://vsrp.co.uk/index.php/ijesa/article/download/2024/2011","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5160898533","display_name":"Abdullah Alzahrani","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185163786","display_name":"King Abdulaziz University","ror":"https://ror.org/02ma4wv74","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185163786"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abdullah Alzahrani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Master's Researcher, Educational Administration, College of Education, King Abdulaziz University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Master's Researcher, Educational Administration, College of Education, King Abdulaziz University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185163786"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5160890806","display_name":"Hamad Alharbi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185163786","display_name":"King Abdulaziz University","ror":"https://ror.org/02ma4wv74","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185163786"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hamad Alharbi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Master's Researcher, Educational Administration, College of Education, King Abdulaziz University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Master's Researcher, Educational Administration, College of Education, King Abdulaziz University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185163786"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185163786"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":"11","first_page":"96","last_page":"128"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12952","display_name":"School Leadership and Teacher Performance","score":0.9692000150680542,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12952","display_name":"School Leadership and Teacher Performance","score":0.9692000150680542,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13884","display_name":"Educational Leadership and Practices","score":0.014999999664723873,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14483","display_name":"Education and Teacher Training","score":0.00989999994635582,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/school-principals","display_name":"school principals","score":0.9309999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/school-leadership","display_name":"school leadership","score":0.7509999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/general-aptitude-test","display_name":"General Aptitude Test","score":0.9710000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/secondary-school-teachers","display_name":"secondary school teachers","score":0.6539999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/student-motivation","display_name":"student motivation","score":0.6480000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/school-environment","display_name":"school environment","score":0.6600000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/teacher-education","display_name":"teacher professional development","score":0.8370000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/community-partnerships","display_name":"community partnerships","score":0.921999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/academic-achievement","display_name":"academic performance","score":0.6850000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/jeddah","display_name":"Jeddah","score":0.8920000195503235}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.7081000208854675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48561166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1347367","display_name":"Aptitude","level":2,"score":0.6407999992370605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777267654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3519023","display_name":"Test (biology)","level":2,"score":0.5552999973297119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C509550671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126945","display_name":"Medical education","level":1,"score":0.4799000024795532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71750763","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q646164","display_name":"General partnership","level":2,"score":0.44269999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198531522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485146","display_name":"Sample (material)","level":2,"score":0.4108999967575073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.3977999985218048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986587452","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q938438","display_name":"Statistical analysis","level":2,"score":0.38670000433921814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33676613","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13415176","display_name":"Dimension (graph theory)","level":2,"score":0.3668999969959259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51067260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q828812","display_name":"Professional development","level":2,"score":0.33379998803138733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.3312000036239624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39896193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380344","display_name":"Descriptive statistics","level":2,"score":0.32749998569488525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020423824","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37226","display_name":"School teachers","level":2,"score":0.2939999997615814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018023364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q425265","display_name":"Significant difference","level":2,"score":0.2921000123023987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992770910","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16023913","display_name":"Professional qualification","level":2,"score":0.2754000127315521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142546437","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2661195","display_name":"Descriptive research","level":2,"score":0.2728999853134155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983454672","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14623204","display_name":"Secondary education","level":2,"score":0.26930001378059387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017523755","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18189","display_name":"Grade level","level":2,"score":0.26460000872612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133462117","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4929239","display_name":"Data collection","level":2,"score":0.25099998712539673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75630572","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q538904","display_name":"Applied psychology","level":1,"score":0.250900000333786}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.59992/ijesa.2026.v5n11p5","doi":"https://doi.org/10.59992/ijesa.2026.v5n11p5","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.59992/ijesa.2026.v5n11p5","pdf_url":"https://vsrp.co.uk/index.php/ijesa/article/download/2024/2011","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4387291863","display_name":"International Journal of Educational Sciences and Arts","issn_l":"2976-7237","issn":["2976-7237"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Educational Sciences and Arts","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.59992/ijesa.2026.v5n11p5","doi":"https://doi.org/10.59992/ijesa.2026.v5n11p5","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.59992/ijesa.2026.v5n11p5","pdf_url":"https://vsrp.co.uk/index.php/ijesa/article/download/2024/2011","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4387291863","display_name":"International Journal of Educational Sciences and Arts","issn_l":"2976-7237","issn":["2976-7237"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Educational Sciences and Arts","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9901999831199646,"display_name":"Quality education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7225347602.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7225347602.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W250218246","https://openalex.org/W2182262109","https://openalex.org/W2469880432","https://openalex.org/W4280647675","https://openalex.org/W153100385","https://openalex.org/W4390861279","https://openalex.org/W4410216592","https://openalex.org/W4387622300","https://openalex.org/W7161671501","https://openalex.org/W3195560404"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"study":[1,52,158],"aimed":[2],"to":[3,47,62],"identify":[4],"the":[5,73,77,85,160],"role":[6,86],"of":[7,65,87,105,109,162],"secondary":[8,66],"school":[9,27,67,88,115,164],"principals":[10,89],"in":[11,13,90,149,166],"Jeddah":[12],"improving":[14,91,171],"students\u2019":[15],"General":[16],"Aptitude":[17],"Test":[18],"(GAT)":[19],"results":[20,82,93,173],"from":[21],"teachers\u2019":[22,34,132],"perspectives,":[23],"across":[24],"four":[25],"dimensions:":[26],"environment":[28,116],"preparation,":[29,33],"student":[30,125],"motivation":[31,128],"and":[32,37,127,138,170,179],"professional":[35,133],"development,":[36,178],"community":[38,139,181],"partnership.":[39],"It":[40],"also":[41],"examined":[42],"statistically":[43],"significant":[44,145],"differences":[45,146],"according":[46],"selected":[48],"demographic":[49,155],"variables.":[50,156],"The":[51,81,114,157],"adopted":[53],"a":[54,59,63,97],"descriptive":[55],"survey":[56],"method,":[57],"using":[58,72],"questionnaire":[60],"administered":[61],"sample":[64],"teachers.":[68],"Data":[69],"were":[70,147],"analyzed":[71],"Statistical":[74],"Package":[75],"for":[76],"Social":[78],"Sciences":[79],"(SPSS).":[80],"indicated":[83],"that":[84],"GAT":[92,172],"was":[94],"rated":[95],"at":[96],"high":[98],"level,":[99],"with":[100],"an":[101],"overall":[102],"mean":[103],"score":[104],"approximately":[106],"(4.42":[107],"out":[108],"5,":[110],"SD":[111],"\u2248":[112,121,130,136,142],"0.58).":[113],"dimension":[117],"ranked":[118],"first":[119],"(M":[120,129,135,141],"4.63),":[122],"followed":[123],"by":[124],"preparation":[126],"4.48),":[131],"development":[134],"4.35),":[137],"partnership":[140],"4.21).":[143],"Statistically":[144],"found":[148],"some":[150],"dimensions":[151],"based":[152],"on":[153],"specific":[154],"emphasized":[159],"importance":[161],"effective":[163],"leadership":[165],"enhancing":[167],"learning":[168],"outcomes":[169],"through":[174],"supportive":[175],"environments,":[176],"teacher":[177],"active":[180],"engagement.":[182]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2026-11-06T00:00:00"}
