{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225347123","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2026.1983306","title":"Blood-brain barrier-penetrant pharmacological strategies for neuroinflammation in Alzheimer\u2019s disease: small molecules and engineered peptides","display_name":"Blood-brain barrier-penetrant pharmacological strategies for neuroinflammation in Alzheimer\u2019s disease: small molecules and engineered peptides","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225347123","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2026.1983306"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fphar.2026.1983306","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2026.1983306","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2026.1983306","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/pharmacology/articles/10.3389/fphar.2026.1983306/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S132108250","display_name":"Frontiers in Pharmacology","issn_l":"1663-9812","issn":["1663-9812"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Pharmacology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/pharmacology/articles/10.3389/fphar.2026.1983306/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5160948187","display_name":"Faryal Fatima","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25217355","display_name":"University of Pavia","ror":"https://ror.org/00s6t1f81","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25217355"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Faryal Fatima","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25217355"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035830609","display_name":"Muhammad Imran Sajid","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6502-1740","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6502-1740"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142204992","display_name":"University of Lahore","ror":"https://ror.org/051jrjw38","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142204992"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Imran Sajid","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Lahore"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Lahore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142204992"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002648365","display_name":"Amir Nasrolahi Shirazi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185234458","display_name":"Marshall B. Ketchum University","ror":"https://ror.org/03zhqv657","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185234458"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amir Nasrolahi Shirazi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Marshall B. Ketchum University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Marshall B. Ketchum University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185234458"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5119210312","display_name":"Syeda Nazish Sohaib","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-1473-3367","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0008-1473-3367"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I195024194","display_name":"Riphah International University","ror":"https://ror.org/02kdm5630","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I195024194"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Syeda Nazish Sohaib","raw_affiliation_strings":["Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I195024194"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073673409","display_name":"Fatima Abid Khan","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I192392021","display_name":"University of Central Punjab","ror":"https://ror.org/04g0mqe67","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I192392021"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fatima Abid Khan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Central Punjab"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Central Punjab","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I192392021"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5134380894","display_name":"Hafiza Ramin Shahzadi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I176884743","display_name":"Fatima Jinnah Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/051cp7s36","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I176884743"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hafiza Ramin Shahzadi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Community Medicine, Fatima Jinnah Medical University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Community Medicine, Fatima Jinnah Medical University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I176884743"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048824075","display_name":"Naglaa Salem El\u2010Sayed","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8687-2325","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8687-2325"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131959","display_name":"National Research Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/02n85j827","country_code":"EG","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210131959"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Naglaa Salem El-Sayed","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cellulose and Paper Department, National Research Center"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cellulose and Paper Department, National Research Center","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131959"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031842435","display_name":"Rakesh Kumar Tiwari","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3701-4548","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3701-4548"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I93393672","display_name":"Western University of Health Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05167c961","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I93393672"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Rakesh Kumar Tiwari","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heatherington College of Osteopathic Medicine, Western University of Health Sciences"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heatherington College of Osteopathic Medicine, Western University of Health Sciences","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I93393672"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033339559","display_name":"Keykavous Parang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8600-0893","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8600-0893"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185071736","display_name":"Chapman University","ror":"https://ror.org/0452jzg20","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185071736"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Keykavous Parang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Targeted Drug Delivery, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chapman University School of Pharmacy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Targeted Drug Delivery, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chapman University School of Pharmacy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185071736"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":9,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5031842435","https://openalex.org/A5033339559"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185071736","https://openalex.org/I93393672"],"apc_list":{"value":3150,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3801},"apc_paid":{"value":3150,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3801},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11872","display_name":"Barrier Structure and Function Studies","score":0.6079000234603882,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2808","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11872","display_name":"Barrier Structure and Function Studies","score":0.6079000234603882,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2808","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10086","display_name":"Alzheimer's disease research and treatments","score":0.20239999890327454,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11266","display_name":"Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms","score":0.1662999987602234,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2808","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alzheimer-s-disease","display_name":"Alzheimer's disease","score":0.9929999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuroinflammation","display_name":"neuroinflammation","score":0.9549999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blood-brain-barrier","display_name":"blood-brain barrier","score":0.8669999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drug-delivery-to-the-brain","display_name":"brain drug delivery","score":0.8659999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineered-peptides","display_name":"engineered peptides","score":0.9620000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cell-penetrating-peptides","display_name":"cell-penetrating peptides","score":0.9300000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trem2","display_name":"TREM2","score":0.7889999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nlrp3-inflammasome","display_name":"NLRP3 inflammasome","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ripk1","display_name":"RIPK1","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cgas-sting-pathway","display_name":"cGAS-STING pathway","score":0.9319999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuroimmune-homeostasis","display_name":"neuroimmune homeostasis","score":0.7289999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/amyloid-beta","display_name":"amyloid-beta","score":0.6919999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tau-pathology","display_name":"tau pathology","score":0.8619999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biomarker-guided-therapy","display_name":"biomarker-guided therapy","score":0.7129999995231628}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87753298","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17157137","display_name":"Neuroinflammation","level":3,"score":0.9187999963760376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.6241000294685364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161624437","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1988322","display_name":"Small molecule","level":2,"score":0.5655999779701233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778402981","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221694","display_name":"Blood\u2013brain barrier","level":3,"score":0.5015000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98274493","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128406","display_name":"Pharmacology","level":1,"score":0.48019999265670776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779820397","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1392806","display_name":"Drug delivery","level":2,"score":0.4740999937057495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779830541","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1622829","display_name":"Microglia","level":3,"score":0.47040000557899475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.4675999879837036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105572291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7002775","display_name":"Neurovascular bundle","level":2,"score":0.4113999903202057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74187038","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1418791","display_name":"Drug discovery","level":2,"score":0.40689998865127563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780035454","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8386","display_name":"Drug","level":2,"score":0.37940001487731934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14036430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076","display_name":"Function (biology)","level":2,"score":0.36160001158714294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64903051","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2198549","display_name":"Drug development","level":3,"score":0.3555999994277954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63645605","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q103191","display_name":"Homeostasis","level":2,"score":0.3431999981403351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109316439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q246181","display_name":"Cytotoxicity","level":3,"score":0.34290000796318054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776925932","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1755122","display_name":"Neurodegeneration","level":3,"score":0.3353999853134155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C529278444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47273","display_name":"Central nervous system","level":2,"score":0.32829999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126511603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1261145","display_name":"Targeted drug delivery","level":3,"score":0.3018999993801117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.30059999227523804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.29989999532699585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776914184","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101991","display_name":"Inflammation","level":2,"score":0.2935999929904938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2910715078","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162657","display_name":"Neurotransmitter Agents","level":4,"score":0.28220000863075256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60644358","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128570","display_name":"Bioinformatics","level":1,"score":0.27149999141693115}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3389/fphar.2026.1983306","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2026.1983306","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2026.1983306","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/pharmacology/articles/10.3389/fphar.2026.1983306/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S132108250","display_name":"Frontiers in Pharmacology","issn_l":"1663-9812","issn":["1663-9812"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Pharmacology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:1c54206b99b744d79d74f1c5c965ecfe","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/1c54206b99b744d79d74f1c5c965ecfe","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Pharmacology, Vol 17 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fphar.2026.1983306","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2026.1983306","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2026.1983306","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/pharmacology/articles/10.3389/fphar.2026.1983306/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S132108250","display_name":"Frontiers in Pharmacology","issn_l":"1663-9812","issn":["1663-9812"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Pharmacology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.98580002784729,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7225347123.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7225347123.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":117,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1676884362","https://openalex.org/W1860382351","https://openalex.org/W1864325817","https://openalex.org/W1957400240","https://openalex.org/W1969350101","https://openalex.org/W1992450378","https://openalex.org/W2052766986","https://openalex.org/W2175794645","https://openalex.org/W2398245217","https://openalex.org/W2559691789","https://openalex.org/W2588262749","https://openalex.org/W2590560529","https://openalex.org/W2598134302","https://openalex.org/W2613536437","https://openalex.org/W2743372157","https://openalex.org/W2761229854","https://openalex.org/W2786608785","https://openalex.org/W2808454816","https://openalex.org/W2910423533","https://openalex.org/W2910531243","https://openalex.org/W2911147760","https://openalex.org/W2941630117","https://openalex.org/W2947842456","https://openalex.org/W2962483830","https://openalex.org/W2990312754","https://openalex.org/W3005995871","https://openalex.org/W3013784088","https://openalex.org/W3044319907","https://openalex.org/W3111509171","https://openalex.org/W3114767698","https://openalex.org/W3127297964","https://openalex.org/W3134309694","https://openalex.org/W3167463223","https://openalex.org/W3189436433","https://openalex.org/W3194957885","https://openalex.org/W3209456322","https://openalex.org/W3215066238","https://openalex.org/W4206055706","https://openalex.org/W4207040025","https://openalex.org/W4210383573","https://openalex.org/W4212959738","https://openalex.org/W4223591189","https://openalex.org/W4283066304","https://openalex.org/W4304481342","https://openalex.org/W4315707278","https://openalex.org/W4362451505","https://openalex.org/W4362522255","https://openalex.org/W4378217890","https://openalex.org/W4383506410","https://openalex.org/W4385230581","https://openalex.org/W4386190028","https://openalex.org/W4387564410","https://openalex.org/W4387900920","https://openalex.org/W4389009125","https://openalex.org/W4389069891","https://openalex.org/W4389174567","https://openalex.org/W4391882790","https://openalex.org/W4392714205","https://openalex.org/W4393044085","https://openalex.org/W4393392488","https://openalex.org/W4393444615","https://openalex.org/W4394623050","https://openalex.org/W4394907878","https://openalex.org/W4399433389","https://openalex.org/W4401267170","https://openalex.org/W4401906522","https://openalex.org/W4402011846","https://openalex.org/W4402143990","https://openalex.org/W4402357855","https://openalex.org/W4403084395","https://openalex.org/W4403296011","https://openalex.org/W4405425834","https://openalex.org/W4406083724","https://openalex.org/W4406223932","https://openalex.org/W4407115283","https://openalex.org/W4407553842","https://openalex.org/W4407956550","https://openalex.org/W4408122292","https://openalex.org/W4408129349","https://openalex.org/W4408184525","https://openalex.org/W4408538442","https://openalex.org/W4409011580","https://openalex.org/W4409086298","https://openalex.org/W4409170465","https://openalex.org/W4409239453","https://openalex.org/W4409647819","https://openalex.org/W4409825155","https://openalex.org/W4410501188","https://openalex.org/W4410521455","https://openalex.org/W4410998954","https://openalex.org/W4411395089","https://openalex.org/W4412768520","https://openalex.org/W4413109351","https://openalex.org/W4413183353","https://openalex.org/W4413218534","https://openalex.org/W4413614587","https://openalex.org/W4414737020","https://openalex.org/W4414961785","https://openalex.org/W4415008379","https://openalex.org/W4415191372","https://openalex.org/W4416271299","https://openalex.org/W7117291177","https://openalex.org/W7117306082","https://openalex.org/W7117326692","https://openalex.org/W7117882752","https://openalex.org/W7119166146","https://openalex.org/W7125683579","https://openalex.org/W7126416738","https://openalex.org/W7129038648","https://openalex.org/W7130343992","https://openalex.org/W7130354338","https://openalex.org/W7133892406","https://openalex.org/W7154073331","https://openalex.org/W7154298746","https://openalex.org/W7160508528","https://openalex.org/W7164336290","https://openalex.org/W7212051469"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7128693882","https://openalex.org/W2537806333","https://openalex.org/W7155157943","https://openalex.org/W3100915627","https://openalex.org/W1505146948","https://openalex.org/W2039552792","https://openalex.org/W7214895293","https://openalex.org/W4403214043","https://openalex.org/W4416868130","https://openalex.org/W4416862058"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Recognition":[0],"of":[1,17,21,60,63,91,145,152],"Alzheimer\u2019s":[2],"disease":[3],"(AD)":[4],"as":[5,112,142,150],"a":[6,79,143,153],"neuroinflammatory":[7],"disorder,":[8],"alongside":[9],"amyloid-\u03b2":[10],"and":[11,41,53,76,96,118,127,159],"tau":[12],"pathology,":[13],"necessitates":[14],"the":[15,45,49,54,61,64,71,89],"development":[16],"innovative":[18],"therapies":[19,43],"capable":[20],"overcoming":[22],"blood\u2013brain":[23],"barrier":[24],"(BBB)-mediated":[25],"limitations":[26],"to":[27,36,104],"brain":[28,137],"drug":[29,138],"delivery.":[30],"This":[31],"review":[32,135],"discusses":[33],"current":[34,83],"efforts":[35],"develop":[37],"BBB-permeable":[38],"small":[39],"molecules":[40],"peptide-based":[42],"targeting":[44],"neuroimmune":[46,97],"modulators":[47],"TREM2,":[48],"NLRP3":[50],"inflammasome,":[51],"RIPK1,":[52],"cGAS-STING":[55],"signaling":[56],"pathway,":[57],"with":[58],"consideration":[59],"concept":[62],"neurovascular":[65,156],"paradox.":[66],"Despite":[67],"promising":[68],"recent":[69],"developments,":[70],"trade-off":[72],"between":[73],"permeability,":[74],"selectivity,":[75],"cytotoxicity":[77],"remains":[78],"significant":[80],"issue.":[81],"The":[82],"findings":[84],"indicate":[85],"that":[86],"BBB":[87,125],"penetration,":[88],"timing":[90],"microglial":[92],"targeting,":[93],"immunosuppressive":[94],"effects,":[95],"homeostasis":[98],"should":[99],"be":[100],"considered":[101],"when":[102],"seeking":[103],"modulate":[105],"neuroinflammation":[106],"effectively.":[107],"Novel":[108],"delivery":[109,139],"systems,":[110,121],"such":[111],"those":[113],"using":[114],"cell-penetrating":[115],"peptide":[116],"shuttles":[117],"antibody-based":[119],"transport":[120],"may":[122],"help":[123],"address":[124],"limitations,":[126],"biomarker-guided":[128],"treatment":[129],"is":[130],"increasingly":[131],"important.":[132],"Overall,":[133],"this":[134],"reframes":[136],"not":[140],"only":[141],"function":[144],"pharmacokinetic":[146],"parameters":[147],"but":[148],"also":[149],"part":[151],"system":[154],"integrating":[155],"physiology,":[157],"neuroimmunology,":[158],"medicinal":[160],"chemistry.":[161]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-08T12:12:28.789561","created_date":"2026-11-06T00:00:00"}