{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225346756","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s43856-026-01981-0","title":"DExT for direct ex vivo drug testing","display_name":"DExT for direct ex vivo drug testing","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225346756","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s43856-026-01981-0"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/s43856-026-01981-0","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s43856-026-01981-0","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s43856-026-01981-0","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s43856-026-01981-0_reference.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210167893","display_name":"Communications Medicine","issn_l":"2730-664X","issn":["2730-664X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","jufo-1","ki-jl-2","norway-1","oarl","poland-20","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Communications Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s43856-026-01981-0_reference.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086436405","display_name":"T. Mamie Lih","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0317-2660","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0317-2660","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5431-3948"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145311948","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University","ror":"https://ror.org/00za53h95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799853436","display_name":"Johns Hopkins Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/037zgn354","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799853436"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"T. Mamie Lih","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948","https://openalex.org/I2799853436"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5160906741","display_name":"Lijun Chen","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145311948","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University","ror":"https://ror.org/00za53h95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799853436","display_name":"Johns Hopkins Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/037zgn354","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799853436"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lijun Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948","https://openalex.org/I2799853436"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100323374","display_name":"Hui Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8726-7098","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8726-7098"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145311948","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University","ror":"https://ror.org/00za53h95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799853436","display_name":"Johns Hopkins Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/037zgn354","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799853436"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210150714","display_name":"Johns Hopkins Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/05cb1k848","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799853436","https://openalex.org/I4210150714"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210164401","display_name":"Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center","ror":"https://ror.org/05m5b8x20","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799853436","https://openalex.org/I4210164401"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hui Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA","Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA","Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA","Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8726-7098","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948","https://openalex.org/I2799853436","https://openalex.org/I4210150714","https://openalex.org/I4210164401"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948","https://openalex.org/I2799853436"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948","https://openalex.org/I2799853436"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100323374"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948","https://openalex.org/I2799853436","https://openalex.org/I4210150714","https://openalex.org/I4210164401"],"apc_list":{"value":3690,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3690},"apc_paid":{"value":3690,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3690},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10952","display_name":"PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling in cancer","score":0.8740000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10952","display_name":"PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling in cancer","score":0.8740000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10519","display_name":"Advanced Proteomics Techniques and Applications","score":0.029500000178813934,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1607","display_name":"Spectroscopy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10449","display_name":"Renal cell carcinoma treatment","score":0.01080000028014183,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2730","display_name":"Oncology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ex-vivo-drug-screening","display_name":"ex vivo drug testing","score":0.8119999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/patient-derived-xenografts","display_name":"patient-derived xenografts","score":0.9279999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clear-cell-renal-cell-carcinoma","display_name":"clear cell renal cell carcinoma","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tak-228","display_name":"TAK-228","score":0.9800000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mtor-signaling","display_name":"mTOR signaling","score":0.7319999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phosphoproteomics","display_name":"phosphoproteomics","score":0.8040000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tumor-tissue","display_name":"tumor tissue","score":0.3970000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drug-screening","display_name":"drug screening","score":0.42399999499320984}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26291073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q310484","display_name":"Ex vivo","level":3,"score":0.8598999977111816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780035454","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8386","display_name":"Drug","level":2,"score":0.699999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207001950","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141124","display_name":"In vivo","level":2,"score":0.6622999906539917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121608353","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12078","display_name":"Cancer","level":2,"score":0.4900999963283539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.4657000005245209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C502942594","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3421914","display_name":"Cancer research","level":1,"score":0.4275999963283539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98274493","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128406","display_name":"Pharmacology","level":1,"score":0.41690000891685486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781278892","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18556340","display_name":"Clear cell renal cell carcinoma","level":3,"score":0.3937999904155731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64903051","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2198549","display_name":"Drug development","level":3,"score":0.3831999897956848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2994119904","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1251001","display_name":"Drug response","level":3,"score":0.37869998812675476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183713625","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5282002","display_name":"Discovery and development of mTOR inhibitors","level":4,"score":0.3418999910354614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74187038","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1418791","display_name":"Drug discovery","level":2,"score":0.33090001344680786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C535046627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30612","display_name":"Clinical trial","level":2,"score":0.32580000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020340455","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q974135","display_name":"Cancer drugs","level":3,"score":0.3208000063896179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86554907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q285613","display_name":"PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway","level":3,"score":0.3165000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781068499","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3242950","display_name":"Kidney cancer","level":3,"score":0.3142000138759613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1491633281","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7868","display_name":"Cell","level":2,"score":0.3098999857902527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89611455","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804646","display_name":"Mechanism (biology)","level":2,"score":0.30489999055862427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60644358","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128570","display_name":"Bioinformatics","level":1,"score":0.30379998683929443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777472916","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1164529","display_name":"Renal cell carcinoma","level":2,"score":0.29350000619888306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96232424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4118072","display_name":"Cancer cell","level":3,"score":0.28790000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.274399995803833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70721500","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177005","display_name":"Computational biology","level":1,"score":0.2718999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149172746","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2585693","display_name":"Efficacy","level":3,"score":0.25110000371932983}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1038/s43856-026-01981-0","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s43856-026-01981-0","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s43856-026-01981-0","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s43856-026-01981-0_reference.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210167893","display_name":"Communications Medicine","issn_l":"2730-664X","issn":["2730-664X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","jufo-1","ki-jl-2","norway-1","oarl","poland-20","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Communications Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/s43856-026-01981-0","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s43856-026-01981-0","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s43856-026-01981-0","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s43856-026-01981-0_reference.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210167893","display_name":"Communications Medicine","issn_l":"2730-664X","issn":["2730-664X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","jufo-1","ki-jl-2","norway-1","oarl","poland-20","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Communications Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.98580002784729,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7225346756.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7225346756.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2502747620","https://openalex.org/W2914980227","https://openalex.org/W3198143178","https://openalex.org/W4282984169","https://openalex.org/W2996306252","https://openalex.org/W7162494159","https://openalex.org/W2066119710","https://openalex.org/W7122046785","https://openalex.org/W7148675768","https://openalex.org/W2413264200"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Understanding":[0],"the":[1,42,114,170,201,210,259,288],"molecular":[2,178,255],"basis":[3],"of":[4,159,164,173,204,297,310],"drug":[5,10,13,45,54,243,276,290],"treatments":[6],"is":[7,59],"important":[8],"for":[9,52,75,120,175,189,248],"screening":[11],"and":[12,84,125,185,196,228,252,274,306],"efficiency":[14],"testing":[15],"to":[16,26,30,36,86,95,113,122,138,209,245],"identify":[17],"suitable":[18],"interventions.":[19],"However,":[20],"heterogeneity":[21],"among":[22],"individual":[23,57],"patients":[24,58],"contributes":[25],"variation":[27],"in":[28,56,152,181],"responses":[29,55,179],"different":[31],"treatments,":[32],"making":[33],"it":[34],"difficult":[35,85],"predict":[37],"treatment":[38],"outcomes":[39],"based":[40],"on":[41],"disease":[43],"or":[44,70,221],"type":[46,203],"alone.":[47],"Therefore,":[48],"developing":[49],"effective":[50],"approaches":[51],"evaluating":[53],"important.":[60],"Functional":[61],"analyses":[62],"using":[63,264,302],"patient-derived":[64,67],"cell":[65,101,103,270],"lines,":[66],"xenografts":[68],"(PDXs),":[69],"organoids":[71],"are":[72],"conventionally":[73],"used":[74],"such":[76],"purposes;":[77],"however,":[78],"these":[79],"models":[80,273],"can":[81,206],"be":[82],"time-consuming":[83],"establish.":[87],"We":[88,233,261,283],"applied":[89],"Drug":[90,235],"Ex":[91,236],"vivo":[92,112,237],"Test":[93,238],"(DExT)":[94],"tumor":[96,154,219,223,246,265,304],"tissues":[97,266],"from":[98,267],"two":[99,268],"clear":[100,269],"renal":[102],"carcinoma":[104],"(ccRCC)":[105],"PDX":[106],"models.":[107],"Tissues":[108],"were":[109,129],"exposed":[110],"ex":[111],"dual":[115],"mTOR":[116,165],"complex":[117],"inhibitor":[118],"TAK-228":[119,156],"up":[121],"120":[123],"minutes,":[124],"treatment-associated":[126],"phosphorylation":[127,150,158],"changes":[128,151,256,285],"measured":[130],"by":[131,258],"quantitative":[132],"mass":[133],"spectrometry-based":[134],"phosphoproteomic":[135],"analysis":[136],"relative":[137],"time-matched":[139],"untreated":[140],"controls.":[141],"Here":[142],"we":[143],"show":[144],"that":[145,277],"DExT":[146,174,263,298],"captures":[147],"acute":[148],"drug-induced":[149,177],"ccRCC":[153],"tissues.":[155],"reduces":[157],"EIF4EBP1-S65,":[160],"consistent":[161,286],"with":[162,192,200,287],"inhibition":[163],"signaling.":[166],"These":[167,292],"findings":[168,293],"demonstrate":[169],"initial":[171],"feasibility":[172],"measuring":[176],"directly":[180,244],"tumor-derived":[182],"tissue":[183,247],"material":[184],"provide":[186],"a":[187,242,249,275,279,307],"foundation":[188],"further":[190,295],"evaluation":[191],"additional":[193],"therapeutic":[194],"agents":[195],"clinical":[197],"specimens.":[198],"People":[199],"same":[202,211],"cancer":[205,272],"respond":[207],"differently":[208],"treatment.":[212,260],"Current":[213],"drug-response":[214],"tests":[215],"often":[216],"require":[217],"growing":[218],"cells":[220],"creating":[222],"models,":[224],"which":[225,240],"take":[226],"time":[227],"may":[229],"not":[230],"always":[231],"succeed.":[232],"developed":[234],"(DExT),":[239],"applies":[241],"short":[250],"period":[251],"then":[253],"measures":[254],"caused":[257],"tested":[262],"kidney":[271],"blocks":[278],"cancer-related":[280],"signaling":[281],"pathway.":[282],"detected":[284],"expected":[289],"effect.":[291],"support":[294],"development":[296],"through":[299],"larger":[300],"studies":[301],"patient":[303],"samples":[305],"wider":[308],"range":[309],"drugs.":[311]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2026-11-06T00:00:00"}