{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225345549","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2026.1968740","title":"Multi-source analysis identifies an NPC2-associated macrophage transcriptional program in ulcerative colitis","display_name":"Multi-source analysis identifies an NPC2-associated macrophage transcriptional program in ulcerative colitis","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225345549","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2026.1968740"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fimmu.2026.1968740","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2026.1968740","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2026.1968740","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/immunology/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2026.1968740/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2595292759","display_name":"Frontiers in Immunology","issn_l":"1664-3224","issn":["1664-3224"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Immunology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/immunology/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2026.1968740/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5124447525","display_name":"Yuhua Chen","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76214153","display_name":"Lanzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/01mkqqe32","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76214153"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuhua Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Gansu Province Engineering Research Center for Translational Medicine in Gastric Cancer","The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Gansu Province Engineering Research Center for Translational Medicine in Gastric Cancer","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76214153"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031475354","display_name":"Wenwen Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-6916-1659","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0005-6916-1659"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76214153","display_name":"Lanzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/01mkqqe32","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76214153"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenwen Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Gansu Province Engineering Research Center for Translational Medicine in Gastric Cancer","The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Gansu Province Engineering Research Center for Translational Medicine in Gastric Cancer","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76214153"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100342683","display_name":"Kui Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4935-0533","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4935-0533"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210161528","display_name":"Qilu Hospital of Shandong University","ror":"https://ror.org/056ef9489","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210161528"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kui Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210161528"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5160829036","display_name":"Qinghong Guo","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210163492","display_name":"First Hospital of Lanzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2xpa49","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210163492"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Qinghong Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210163492"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5160829036"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210163492"],"apc_list":{"value":3150,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3801},"apc_paid":{"value":3150,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3801},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10134","display_name":"Inflammatory Bowel Disease","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2715","display_name":"Gastroenterology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10134","display_name":"Inflammatory Bowel Disease","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2715","display_name":"Gastroenterology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11313","display_name":"Immune cells in cancer","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2403","display_name":"Immunology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11194","display_name":"Ocular Diseases and Beh\u00e7et\u2019s Syndrome","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2731","display_name":"Ophthalmology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ulcerative-colitis","display_name":"ulcerative colitis","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/macrophages","display_name":"macrophages","score":0.7749999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/npc2","display_name":"NPC2","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lysosome-function","display_name":"lysosomal function","score":0.7229999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lipid-handling","display_name":"lipid handling","score":0.8299999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/macrophage-polarization","display_name":"macrophage polarization","score":0.9240000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mmp-12","display_name":"MMP-12","score":0.8140000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dss-induced-colitis","display_name":"DSS-induced colitis","score":0.7120000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nitrite-production","display_name":"nitrite production","score":0.6110000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cd86","display_name":"CD86","score":0.6439999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intestinal-inflammation","display_name":"intestinal inflammation","score":0.5230000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spatial-transcriptomics","display_name":"spatial transcriptomics","score":0.6489999890327454}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779244956","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184204","display_name":"Macrophage","level":3,"score":0.8102999925613403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162317418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q252857","display_name":"Transcriptome","level":4,"score":0.659500002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776682551","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21072584","display_name":"Macrophage polarization","level":4,"score":0.6370000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776460901","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21109693","display_name":"CD68","level":3,"score":0.5199000239372253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775858924","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18034009","display_name":"CD163","level":4,"score":0.5138999819755554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780479503","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1477","display_name":"Ulcerative colitis","level":3,"score":0.49470001459121704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2910375186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184204","display_name":"M2 Macrophage","level":4,"score":0.44690001010894775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775862500","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2453464","display_name":"Colitis","level":2,"score":0.4447000026702881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.4016999900341034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170217031","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6725509","display_name":"Macrophage inflammatory protein","level":4,"score":0.39250001311302185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.3808000087738037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776914184","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101991","display_name":"Inflammation","level":2,"score":0.35530000925064087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150194340","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26972","display_name":"Gene expression","level":3,"score":0.34779998660087585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.34700000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.3449999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778260677","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q917447","display_name":"Inflammatory bowel disease","level":3,"score":0.3330000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C502942594","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3421914","display_name":"Cancer research","level":1,"score":0.31850001215934753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95444343","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7141","display_name":"Cell biology","level":1,"score":0.3118000030517578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781101188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5009846","display_name":"CD86","level":4,"score":0.2906999886035919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18431079","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1502169","display_name":"Gene expression profiling","level":4,"score":0.28119999170303345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108249834","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3922363","display_name":"Antigen processing","level":5,"score":0.27730000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127561419","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q224527","display_name":"Downregulation and upregulation","level":3,"score":0.26579999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164027704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3491837","display_name":"Proinflammatory cytokine","level":3,"score":0.26440000534057617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153911025","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7202","display_name":"Molecular biology","level":1,"score":0.2502000033855438}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3389/fimmu.2026.1968740","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2026.1968740","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2026.1968740","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/immunology/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2026.1968740/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2595292759","display_name":"Frontiers in Immunology","issn_l":"1664-3224","issn":["1664-3224"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Immunology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:d6d77ff3769e454b820b8d04e663b289","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/d6d77ff3769e454b820b8d04e663b289","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Immunology, Vol 17 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fimmu.2026.1968740","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2026.1968740","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2026.1968740","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/immunology/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2026.1968740/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2595292759","display_name":"Frontiers in Immunology","issn_l":"1664-3224","issn":["1664-3224"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Immunology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.9537000060081482,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7225345549.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7225345549.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1596258860","https://openalex.org/W1970661950","https://openalex.org/W1979292513","https://openalex.org/W2033883349","https://openalex.org/W2035618305","https://openalex.org/W2038689279","https://openalex.org/W2054540776","https://openalex.org/W2079745823","https://openalex.org/W2118258530","https://openalex.org/W2130410032","https://openalex.org/W2144203350","https://openalex.org/W2145189896","https://openalex.org/W2146156622","https://openalex.org/W2159560463","https://openalex.org/W2191790139","https://openalex.org/W2471536144","https://openalex.org/W2505661818","https://openalex.org/W2620756707","https://openalex.org/W2766046358","https://openalex.org/W2895486342","https://openalex.org/W2949177718","https://openalex.org/W4210937681","https://openalex.org/W4211050664","https://openalex.org/W4366171167","https://openalex.org/W4381598857","https://openalex.org/W4385728359","https://openalex.org/W4387344289","https://openalex.org/W4391926902","https://openalex.org/W4396873966"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7125280143","https://openalex.org/W4416292823","https://openalex.org/W4387932834","https://openalex.org/W7171649839","https://openalex.org/W7165145357","https://openalex.org/W4383103197","https://openalex.org/W7123575416","https://openalex.org/W7213972614","https://openalex.org/W7207669901","https://openalex.org/W7138899093"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Background":[0],"Ulcerative":[1],"colitis":[2,71,207],"(UC)":[3],"involves":[4],"extensive":[5],"remodeling":[6],"of":[7,145,174,253],"intestinal":[8],"macrophage":[9,47,73,98,102,116,130,210,221,241,254],"states,":[10],"but":[11,153],"the":[12,154],"molecular":[13],"programs":[14],"linking":[15],"inflammation,":[16],"lysosomal":[17,123,255],"function,":[18],"and":[19,32,59,72,83,105,121,180,193,208,219,258,261],"lipid":[20,256],"handling":[21,257],"remain":[22],"incompletely":[23],"understood.":[24],"This":[25],"study":[26],"aimed":[27],"to":[28,36],"identify":[29],"macrophage-associated":[30],"molecules":[31,63],"cellular":[33],"states":[34],"linked":[35],"UC.":[37,246],"Methods":[38],"We":[39],"integrated":[40],"UC":[41,149],"single-cell":[42],"RNA":[43],"sequencing,":[44],"bone":[45],"marrow-derived":[46],"polarization":[48],"transcriptomes,":[49],"UK":[50],"Biobank":[51],"OLINK":[52],"proteomic":[53],"associations,":[54],"external":[55,118],"bulk":[56],"transcriptomic":[57,119,184],"datasets,":[58],"spatial":[60],"transcriptomics.":[61],"Candidate":[62],"were":[64,87,94],"further":[65,251],"examined":[66],"in":[67,148,151,196,205,245],"dextran":[68],"sulfate":[69,213],"sodium-induced":[70],"activation":[74],"models.":[75,211],"Differential":[76],"expression,":[77],"pathway":[78],"enrichment,":[79,117],"receiver":[80],"operating":[81],"characteristic,":[82],"Spearman":[84],"correlation":[85],"analyses":[86],"performed":[88],"as":[89],"appropriate.":[90],"Results":[91],"Twelve":[92],"genes":[93],"shared":[95],"among":[96],"UC-associated":[97,106],"differentially":[99],"expressed":[100],"genes,":[101,104],"polarization-related":[103],"circulating":[107],"protein":[108],"signals.":[109],"NPC2":[110,191,200,229,235],"was":[111,156,202,231],"prioritized":[112],"based":[113],"on":[114],"its":[115],"performance,":[120],"established":[122],"function.":[124],"Single-cell":[125],"reclustering":[126],"identified":[127],"an":[128],"NPC2+MMP12+":[129,146],"subset":[131],"with":[132,238],"heterogeneous":[133],"abundance":[134],"across":[135],"donors.":[136],"Donor-level":[137],"analysis":[138,185],"showed":[139],"a":[140,187,239],"numerically":[141],"higher":[142],"median":[143],"proportion":[144],"macrophages":[147,171],"than":[150],"controls,":[152],"difference":[155],"not":[157,232],"statistically":[158],"significant":[159],"(17.7%":[160],"vs.":[161],"9.3%;":[162],"two-sided":[163],"Wilcoxon":[164],"rank-sum":[165],"test,":[166],"P":[167],"=":[168],"0.471).":[169],"NPC2-high":[170],"exhibited":[172],"enrichment":[173],"lysosomal,":[175],"phagocytic,":[176],"complement,":[177],"lipid-handling,":[178],"antigen-presentation,":[179],"tissue-remodeling":[181],"programs.":[182],"Spatial":[183],"revealed":[186],"positive":[188],"association":[189],"between":[190],"expression":[192,201,223],"macrophage-related":[194],"signatures":[195],"inflamed":[197],"mucosal":[198],"regions.":[199],"also":[203],"increased":[204],"DSS-induced":[206],"inflammatory":[209],"Cholesteryl":[212],"sodium":[214],"(CSS)":[215],"reduced":[216],"nitrite":[217],"production":[218],"shifted":[220],"marker":[222],"away":[224],"from":[225],"CD86":[226],"predominance,":[227],"although":[228],"dependence":[230],"established.":[233],"Conclusions":[234],"is":[236],"associated":[237],"lysosome-related":[240],"transcriptional":[242],"program":[243],"observed":[244],"These":[247],"exploratory":[248],"findings":[249],"support":[250],"investigation":[252],"warrant":[259],"functional":[260],"independent":[262],"clinical":[263],"validation.":[264]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-08T12:12:28.789561","created_date":"2026-11-06T00:00:00"}