{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225345209","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.11.04.764369","title":"Temporal Variability in Brain Connectivity for Estimating Two-Year Clinical Severity in Mild Cognitive Impairment","display_name":"Temporal Variability in Brain Connectivity for Estimating Two-Year Clinical Severity in Mild Cognitive Impairment","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225345209","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.11.04.764369"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.64898/2026.11.04.764369","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.11.04.764369","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.11.04.764369","pdf_url":"https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2026/11/05/2026.11.04.764369.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402567","display_name":"bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2750212522","host_organization_name":"Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2750212522"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"bioRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2026/11/05/2026.11.04.764369.full.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5160759938","display_name":"Yury Maximov","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yury Maximov","raw_affiliation_strings":["PowerMechaniX LLC, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"PowerMechaniX LLC, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA;","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5160909793","display_name":"Aleksandr Volkov","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aleksandr Volkov","raw_affiliation_strings":["PowerMechaniX LLC, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"PowerMechaniX LLC, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA;","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074576951","display_name":"Tamoghna Chattopadhyay","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3146-6845","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3146-6845"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1174212","display_name":"University of Southern California","ror":"https://ror.org/03taz7m60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tamoghna Chattopadhyay","raw_affiliation_strings":["Imaging Genetics Center, Mark & Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Imaging Genetics Center, Mark & Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100606557","display_name":"Paul M. Thompson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4720-8867","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4720-8867","https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2476-2803","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2305-8438","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3377-7014","https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0271-1896"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1174212","display_name":"University of Southern California","ror":"https://ror.org/03taz7m60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paul M. Thompson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Imaging Genetics Center, Mark & Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Imaging Genetics Center, Mark & Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5160702263","display_name":"Ildar Gabitov","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I138006243","display_name":"University of Arizona","ror":"https://ror.org/03m2x1q45","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138006243"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ildar Gabitov","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138006243"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5160759938"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10241","display_name":"Functional Brain Connectivity Studies","score":0.9940999746322632,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10241","display_name":"Functional Brain Connectivity Studies","score":0.9940999746322632,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10009","display_name":"Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research","score":0.00559999980032444,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2738","display_name":"Psychiatry and Mental health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10378","display_name":"Advanced MRI Techniques and Applications","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mild-cognitive-impairment","display_name":"mild cognitive impairment","score":0.9539999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resting-state-fmri","display_name":"resting-state fMRI","score":0.7789999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/disease-severity-prediction","display_name":"disease severity prediction","score":0.6859999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clinical-dementia-rating-sum-of-boxes","display_name":"CDR-SB","score":0.8999999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-decline","display_name":"cognitive decline","score":0.5910000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/motion-artifacts","display_name":"motion artifacts","score":0.45500001311302185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/early-detection-of-dementia","display_name":"early detection of dementia","score":0.5429999828338623}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.559499979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984915365","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5141203","display_name":"Cognitive impairment","level":3,"score":0.5521000027656555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018011982","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7316120","display_name":"Functional connectivity","level":2,"score":0.5317000150680542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780906993","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5133756","display_name":"Clinical Dementia Rating","level":4,"score":0.5184000134468079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779483572","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83030","display_name":"Dementia","level":3,"score":0.45809999108314514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58693492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q551875","display_name":"Neuroimaging","level":2,"score":0.4458000063896179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22679943","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159375","display_name":"Standard deviation","level":2,"score":0.4016999900341034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.398499995470047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117220453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5172842","display_name":"Correlation","level":2,"score":0.3695000112056732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119043178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q320723","display_name":"Covariate","level":2,"score":0.36910000443458557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.361299991607666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99508421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2678675","display_name":"Physical medicine and rehabilitation","level":1,"score":0.3458999991416931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548259974","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q569965","display_name":"Audiology","level":1,"score":0.33009999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.3167000114917755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3160000145435333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18747219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q620994","display_name":"Standard error","level":2,"score":0.3125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120843803","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4955807","display_name":"Brain activity and meditation","level":3,"score":0.2924000024795532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C535046627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30612","display_name":"Clinical trial","level":2,"score":0.287200003862381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.2870999872684479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.28700000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50231774","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q639842","display_name":"Brain mapping","level":2,"score":0.2775000035762787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167085575","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6803654","display_name":"Mean squared prediction error","level":2,"score":0.2766999900341034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781312939","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17088721","display_name":"Dynamic functional connectivity","level":3,"score":0.27630001306533813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102959455","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7313954","display_name":"Repeated measures design","level":2,"score":0.2709999978542328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C502032728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11081","display_name":"Alzheimer's disease","level":3,"score":0.2597000002861023}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.64898/2026.11.04.764369","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.11.04.764369","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.11.04.764369","pdf_url":"https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2026/11/05/2026.11.04.764369.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402567","display_name":"bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2750212522","host_organization_name":"Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2750212522"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"bioRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.64898/2026.11.04.764369","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.11.04.764369","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.11.04.764369","pdf_url":"https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2026/11/05/2026.11.04.764369.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402567","display_name":"bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2750212522","host_organization_name":"Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2750212522"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"bioRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.9476000070571899}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309697","display_name":"Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative","ror":"https://ror.org/01j20wc74"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311551","display_name":"Northern California Institute for Research and Education","ror":"https://ror.org/05p48p517"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334506","display_name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","ror":"https://ror.org/01gavpb45"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7225345209.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7225345209.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1990134753","https://openalex.org/W2007318901","https://openalex.org/W2078524519","https://openalex.org/W2084892943","https://openalex.org/W2087502871","https://openalex.org/W2132842417","https://openalex.org/W2142566135","https://openalex.org/W2180423080","https://openalex.org/W2288345344","https://openalex.org/W2421101021","https://openalex.org/W2516718464","https://openalex.org/W2563279629","https://openalex.org/W2708474221","https://openalex.org/W2733595594","https://openalex.org/W2951617899","https://openalex.org/W3123869560","https://openalex.org/W4281393094","https://openalex.org/W4295750005","https://openalex.org/W4307876174","https://openalex.org/W4361301668","https://openalex.org/W4367841363","https://openalex.org/W4388921875"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1510953911","https://openalex.org/W3049001360","https://openalex.org/W3168138879","https://openalex.org/W6931830441","https://openalex.org/W4210458176","https://openalex.org/W829552687","https://openalex.org/W2507519313","https://openalex.org/W4318275786","https://openalex.org/W7039587297","https://openalex.org/W2580123875"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Resting-state":[0],"functional":[1,20,199],"MRI":[2],"measures":[3,185,196],"coordinated":[4],"activity":[5],"across":[6,27],"brain":[7,82],"networks":[8],"and":[9,114,130,169],"may":[10,189],"reveal":[11],"early":[12],"changes":[13],"relevant":[14,192],"to":[15,173,204],"cognitive":[16,58,211],"decline.":[17],"Conventional":[18],"\u2018static\u2019":[19,198],"connectivity":[21,118,187],"analyses":[22],"often":[23],"compute":[24],"time-series":[25],"correlations":[26,77],"an":[28],"entire":[29],"scan,":[30],"missing":[31],"informative":[32],"fluctuations":[33],"over":[34],"shorter":[35],"timescales.":[36],"We":[37],"investigated":[38],"whether":[39],"these":[40],"fluctuations,":[41],"in":[42,56,92,138,163],"fMRI":[43],"scans":[44],"collected":[45],"at":[46],"baseline,":[47],"improve":[48],"estimation":[49],"of":[50,75,81,99,159,176,186,197],"clinical":[51,106,167],"severity":[52],"two":[53],"years":[54],"later":[55],"mild":[57],"impairment":[59],"(MCI).":[60],"In":[61],"48":[62],"ADNI":[63],"participants":[64,164],"with":[65,105],"MCI,":[66],"we":[67],"summarized":[68],"temporal":[69,177],"variability":[70,133,188],"using":[71],"the":[72,88,124,147,153,160,174],"standard":[73],"deviation":[74],"windowed":[76],"between":[78],"21":[79],"pairs":[80],"networks.":[83],"Using":[84],"repeated":[85],"nested":[86],"cross-validation,":[87],"mean":[89],"absolute":[90],"error":[91],"predicting":[93,209],"follow-up":[94],"Clinical":[95],"Dementia":[96],"Rating":[97],"Sum":[98],"Boxes":[100],"(CDR-SB)":[101],"was":[102],"1.62":[103],"points":[104],"covariates":[107],"alone,":[108],"1.66":[109],"after":[110,116],"adding":[111,117],"static":[112],"connectivity,":[113,200],"1.51":[115],"variability.":[119],"With":[120],"additional":[121],"motion":[122],"covariates,":[123],"corresponding":[125],"errors":[126],"were":[127,171],"1.70,":[128],"1.73,":[129],"1.59.":[131],"Connectivity":[132],"outperformed":[134],"both":[135],"conventional":[136,195],"models":[137],"all":[139],"three":[140],"cross-validation":[141],"repetitions,":[142],"while":[143],"randomized":[144],"signals":[145],"preserving":[146],"complete":[148],"cross-spectrum":[149],"did":[150],"not":[151],"reproduce":[152],"improvement.":[154],"Perhaps":[155],"surprisingly":[156],"though,":[157],"most":[158],"gain":[161],"occurred":[162],"without":[165],"subsequent":[166],"worsening,":[168],"results":[170],"sensitive":[172],"choice":[175],"windows.":[178],"These":[179],"preliminary":[180],"findings":[181],"suggest":[182],"that":[183],"compact":[184],"capture":[190],"clinically":[191],"information":[193],"beyond":[194],"motivating":[201],"larger":[202],"studies":[203],"evaluate":[205],"their":[206],"value":[207],"for":[208],"future":[210],"impairment.":[212]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-09T13:22:03.289127","created_date":"2026-11-06T00:00:00"}