{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225345104","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.70504","title":"Emerging Approaches for Phytoconstituent Delivery in the Management of Rheumatoid Arthritis: Bridging Nature and Nanotechnology","display_name":"Emerging Approaches for Phytoconstituent Delivery in the Management of Rheumatoid Arthritis: Bridging Nature and Nanotechnology","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225345104","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.70504","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42987814"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/ptr.70504","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.70504","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.70504","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/ptr.70504","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S206789554","display_name":"Phytotherapy Research","issn_l":"0951-418X","issn":["0951-418X","1099-1573"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Phytotherapy Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"review","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/ptr.70504","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5153398982","display_name":"Yogesh Khairnar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-8383-1050","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0000-8383-1050"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74796645","display_name":"Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani","ror":"https://ror.org/001p3jz28","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74796645"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yogesh Khairnar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pharmacy Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS), Pilani  Pilani Rajasthan India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-8383-1050","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pharmacy Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS), Pilani  Pilani Rajasthan India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74796645"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036366091","display_name":"Sakshi Priya","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8781-0297","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8781-0297"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74796645","display_name":"Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani","ror":"https://ror.org/001p3jz28","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74796645"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sakshi Priya","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pharmacy Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS), Pilani  Pilani Rajasthan India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pharmacy Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS), Pilani  Pilani Rajasthan India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74796645"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5160807401","display_name":"Madhavi Rajpara","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74796645","display_name":"Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani","ror":"https://ror.org/001p3jz28","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74796645"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Madhavi Rajpara","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pharmacy Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS), Pilani  Pilani Rajasthan India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pharmacy Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS), Pilani  Pilani Rajasthan India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74796645"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101769746","display_name":"Venkatesh K. P. Rao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9378-3996","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9378-3996"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74796645","display_name":"Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani","ror":"https://ror.org/001p3jz28","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74796645"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Venkatesh K. P. Rao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS), Pilani  Pilani Rajasthan India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9378-3996","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS), Pilani  Pilani Rajasthan India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74796645"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008619362","display_name":"Geeta Bhatt","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1819-1162","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1819-1162"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74796645","display_name":"Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani","ror":"https://ror.org/001p3jz28","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74796645"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Geeta Bhatt","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS), Pilani  Pilani Rajasthan India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1819-1162","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS), Pilani  Pilani Rajasthan India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74796645"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012889104","display_name":"Gautam Singhvi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9706-9244","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9706-9244"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74796645","display_name":"Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani","ror":"https://ror.org/001p3jz28","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74796645"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Gautam Singhvi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pharmacy Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS), Pilani  Pilani Rajasthan India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9706-9244","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pharmacy Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS), Pilani  Pilani Rajasthan India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74796645"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5012889104"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74796645"],"apc_list":{"value":4880,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4880},"apc_paid":{"value":4880,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4880},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13026","display_name":"Natural Compounds in Disease Treatment","score":0.9442999958992004,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2707","display_name":"Complementary and alternative medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13026","display_name":"Natural Compounds in Disease Treatment","score":0.9442999958992004,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2707","display_name":"Complementary and alternative medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10200","display_name":"Rheumatoid Arthritis Research and Therapies","score":0.024399999529123306,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2745","display_name":"Rheumatology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13202","display_name":"Pharmacology and Nanomedicine Research","score":0.014700000174343586,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3002","display_name":"Drug Discovery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/30","display_name":"Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rheumatoid-arthritis","display_name":"rheumatoid arthritis","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/plant-extracts","display_name":"plant extracts","score":0.746999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phytochemicals","display_name":"phytochemicals","score":0.8840000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nano-delivery-systems","display_name":"nano-delivery systems","score":0.8460000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bioavailability-enhancement","display_name":"bioavailability enhancement","score":0.8569999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/targeted-drug-delivery","display_name":"targeted drug delivery","score":0.7480000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anti-inflammatory-activity","display_name":"anti-inflammatory activity","score":0.7680000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antioxidant-activity","display_name":"antioxidant activity","score":0.7639999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/immunomodulation","display_name":"immunomodulation","score":0.8420000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oxidative-stress","display_name":"oxidative stress","score":0.8130000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cytokine-signaling","display_name":"cytokine signaling","score":0.9399999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ayurveda","display_name":"Ayurveda","score":0.8259999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/traditional-chinese-medicine","display_name":"traditional Chinese medicine","score":0.8040000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/traditional-medicine","display_name":"traditional medicine","score":0.6399999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/patents","display_name":"patents","score":0.3630000054836273}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.6504999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777575956","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187255","display_name":"Rheumatoid arthritis","level":2,"score":0.504800021648407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177713679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q679690","display_name":"Intensive care medicine","level":1,"score":0.43470001220703125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.4180999994277954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779903281","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6888026","display_name":"Modalities","level":2,"score":0.4090000092983246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197934379","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2047938","display_name":"Adverse effect","level":2,"score":0.4016999900341034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8891405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1059","display_name":"Immune system","level":2,"score":0.38670000433921814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020606620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179661","display_name":"Treatment modality","level":2,"score":0.36890000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171250308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468","display_name":"Nanotechnology","level":1,"score":0.3467999994754791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60644358","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128570","display_name":"Bioinformatics","level":1,"score":0.319599986076355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777077863","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170990","display_name":"Arthritis","level":2,"score":0.3041999936103821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779075594","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8084905","display_name":"Autoimmune disease","level":3,"score":0.29280000925064087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98274493","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128406","display_name":"Pharmacology","level":1,"score":0.28690001368522644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89611455","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804646","display_name":"Mechanism (biology)","level":2,"score":0.2865999937057495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174348530","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188635","display_name":"Bridging (networking)","level":2,"score":0.28540000319480896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983812674","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q134808","display_name":"Delivery system","level":2,"score":0.2851000130176544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779974597","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28448986","display_name":"Clinical Practice","level":2,"score":0.2800999879837036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.2736000120639801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55587333","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1133029","display_name":"Engineering ethics","level":1,"score":0.273499995470047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020448403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5282120","display_name":"Burden of disease","level":3,"score":0.2732999920845032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992737218","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Modern medicine","level":2,"score":0.2718000113964081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C556039675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q771035","display_name":"Traditional medicine","level":1,"score":0.2703000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124056412","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3320364","display_name":"Scientific evidence","level":2,"score":0.26969999074935913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779473830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540899","display_name":"MEDLINE","level":2,"score":0.26930001378059387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204787440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504","display_name":"Alternative medicine","level":2,"score":0.26739999651908875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C535046627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30612","display_name":"Clinical trial","level":2,"score":0.263700008392334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779820397","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1392806","display_name":"Drug delivery","level":2,"score":0.25290000438690186}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1002/ptr.70504","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.70504","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.70504","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/ptr.70504","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S206789554","display_name":"Phytotherapy Research","issn_l":"0951-418X","issn":["0951-418X","1099-1573"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Phytotherapy Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:42987814","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42987814","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Phytotherapy research : PTR","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/ptr.70504","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.70504","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.70504","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/ptr.70504","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S206789554","display_name":"Phytotherapy Research","issn_l":"0951-418X","issn":["0951-418X","1099-1573"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Phytotherapy Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.8371999859809875,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323889","display_name":"Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani","ror":"https://ror.org/001p3jz28"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7225345104.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7225345104.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":124,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W126978551","https://openalex.org/W972043883","https://openalex.org/W1495449297","https://openalex.org/W1535785709","https://openalex.org/W1540615713","https://openalex.org/W1548494899","https://openalex.org/W1977191081","https://openalex.org/W1989525904","https://openalex.org/W1997149430","https://openalex.org/W2000177666","https://openalex.org/W2001447678","https://openalex.org/W2005814833","https://openalex.org/W2012447906","https://openalex.org/W2025441457","https://openalex.org/W2054759893","https://openalex.org/W2056087291","https://openalex.org/W2058203865","https://openalex.org/W2058345140","https://openalex.org/W2072329683","https://openalex.org/W2076092113","https://openalex.org/W2080612513","https://openalex.org/W2102859558","https://openalex.org/W2114253874","https://openalex.org/W2114591238","https://openalex.org/W2130730567","https://openalex.org/W2134135893","https://openalex.org/W2135276021","https://openalex.org/W2136830554","https://openalex.org/W2142208038","https://openalex.org/W2149026148","https://openalex.org/W2154501022","https://openalex.org/W2162681720","https://openalex.org/W2166547808","https://openalex.org/W2184889105","https://openalex.org/W2193721179","https://openalex.org/W2282342632","https://openalex.org/W2297473358","https://openalex.org/W2471520128","https://openalex.org/W2506825124","https://openalex.org/W2511527426","https://openalex.org/W2537847946","https://openalex.org/W2591619117","https://openalex.org/W2605885157","https://openalex.org/W2623617647","https://openalex.org/W2801634715","https://openalex.org/W2888404374","https://openalex.org/W2890017737","https://openalex.org/W2894535489","https://openalex.org/W2899524694","https://openalex.org/W2903399692","https://openalex.org/W2908603454","https://openalex.org/W2914727182","https://openalex.org/W2917775077","https://openalex.org/W2920445952","https://openalex.org/W2933519706","https://openalex.org/W2934368209","https://openalex.org/W2946234661","https://openalex.org/W2948320352","https://openalex.org/W2963681439","https://openalex.org/W2972050921","https://openalex.org/W2972440873","https://openalex.org/W2980251580","https://openalex.org/W2981076819","https://openalex.org/W2995557031","https://openalex.org/W2998268188","https://openalex.org/W3008004285","https://openalex.org/W3009309823","https://openalex.org/W3012081732","https://openalex.org/W3015970801","https://openalex.org/W3027611108","https://openalex.org/W3041249443","https://openalex.org/W3045874314","https://openalex.org/W3046677160","https://openalex.org/W3084324924","https://openalex.org/W3085790969","https://openalex.org/W3092669800","https://openalex.org/W3092712850","https://openalex.org/W3101495247","https://openalex.org/W3102792475","https://openalex.org/W3106489981","https://openalex.org/W3112046135","https://openalex.org/W3119486933","https://openalex.org/W3134531697","https://openalex.org/W3135447973","https://openalex.org/W3135675371","https://openalex.org/W3163318133","https://openalex.org/W3164285596","https://openalex.org/W3177608177","https://openalex.org/W3199138614","https://openalex.org/W3201101176","https://openalex.org/W3206016156","https://openalex.org/W3207608595","https://openalex.org/W3209722108","https://openalex.org/W4200277237","https://openalex.org/W4212826067","https://openalex.org/W4213279983","https://openalex.org/W4214871107","https://openalex.org/W4226241041","https://openalex.org/W4281678534","https://openalex.org/W4282932823","https://openalex.org/W4287965040","https://openalex.org/W4291279066","https://openalex.org/W4293176578","https://openalex.org/W4293216901","https://openalex.org/W4308318546","https://openalex.org/W4311992944","https://openalex.org/W4319461764","https://openalex.org/W4320525599","https://openalex.org/W4378469333","https://openalex.org/W4379601028","https://openalex.org/W4380683121","https://openalex.org/W4396584987","https://openalex.org/W4400195917","https://openalex.org/W4407292064","https://openalex.org/W4408312552","https://openalex.org/W4410022768","https://openalex.org/W4414481157","https://openalex.org/W4414578897","https://openalex.org/W4416295827","https://openalex.org/W4416387175","https://openalex.org/W6977211784","https://openalex.org/W7139000945","https://openalex.org/W7139943452","https://openalex.org/W7153066869"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4213279983","https://openalex.org/W4403915131","https://openalex.org/W4391267198","https://openalex.org/W7215106977","https://openalex.org/W7126373498","https://openalex.org/W4386766513","https://openalex.org/W4417120518","https://openalex.org/W4391439909","https://openalex.org/W4413817752","https://openalex.org/W7208807201"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Rheumatoid":[0],"arthritis":[1],"(RA)":[2],"is":[3,106],"an":[4,139,214],"autoimmune":[5],"condition":[6],"marked":[7],"by":[8,108],"joint":[9],"inflammation,":[10],"cartilage":[11],"destruction,":[12],"and":[13,20,40,60,75,98,115,154,162,169,181],"bone":[14],"damage.":[15],"Conventional":[16],"treatments,":[17],"including":[18,93],"NSAIDs":[19],"DMARDs,":[21],"have":[22,63,80,220],"shown":[23],"effectiveness":[24],"in":[25,37,88,159,187,210],"slowing":[26],"down":[27],"disease":[28],"progression,":[29],"but":[30],"prolonged":[31],"exposure":[32],"to":[33,71,83,147,172,207,222],"such":[34],"medications":[35],"results":[36],"adverse":[38],"effects":[39],"lack":[41],"of":[42,54,91,128,141,152,216],"tolerance":[43],"among":[44],"patients.":[45],"In":[46],"recent":[47,185],"times,":[48],"plant":[49,143],"extracts,":[50],"which":[51],"are":[52,175,195],"components":[53,144],"traditional":[55,129,205],"medicine":[56],"practices":[57],"like":[58],"Ayurveda":[59],"Chinese":[61],"medicine,":[62],"gained":[64],"interest":[65],"as":[66],"potential":[67],"treatment":[68],"modalities":[69],"due":[70],"their":[72,103,109,163],"anti-inflammatory,":[73],"antioxidant,":[74],"immunomodulatory":[76],"activities.":[77],"Many":[78],"phytochemicals":[79],"been":[81],"found":[82],"inhibit":[84],"molecular":[85],"mechanisms":[86],"involved":[87],"the":[89,126,192,202],"development":[90],"RA,":[92],"cytokine":[94],"signaling,":[95],"oxidative":[96],"stress,":[97],"immune":[99],"cell":[100],"activation.":[101],"However,":[102],"clinical":[104,182],"application":[105],"hindered":[107],"low":[110],"aqueous":[111],"solubility,":[112],"poor":[113],"bioavailability,":[114,168],"rapid":[116],"metabolism.":[117],"The":[118,178],"present":[119],"review":[120,200],"takes":[121],"a":[122],"methodical":[123],"approach":[124],"for":[125,134,165],"integration":[127],"knowledge":[130],"with":[131,138,145,191,213],"current":[132],"treatments":[133],"RA.":[135],"It":[136],"starts":[137],"overview":[140],"important":[142],"regard":[146],"experimentally":[148],"proven":[149],"pharmacological":[150],"modes":[151],"action":[153],"targets.":[155],"Thereafter,":[156],"modern":[157,208],"advancements":[158],"nano-delivery":[160],"systems":[161],"use":[164],"improving":[166],"stability,":[167],"targeted":[170],"delivery":[171,211],"inflamed":[173],"tissues":[174],"briefly":[176],"described.":[177],"existing":[179],"scientific":[180],"data":[183],"on":[184],"developments":[186],"this":[188,199],"field,":[189],"along":[190],"latest":[193],"patents,":[194],"also":[196],"provided.":[197],"Overall,":[198],"summarizes":[201],"journey":[203],"from":[204],"phytotherapy":[206],"approaches":[209],"systems,":[212],"indication":[215],"research":[217],"lacunae":[218],"that":[219],"yet":[221],"be":[223],"bridged.":[224]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2026-11-06T00:00:00"}